1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 220及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled The Value of University Life. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） A start-up program. （ B） An
2、ti-virus software. （ C） Computer software for personal use. （ D） Computer software for after-school tutorials. （ A） They are confident of passing the college entrance exams. （ B） They are to take college entrance exams this year. （ C） Most of them are not doing very well in maths. （ D） They are forc
3、ed to take more extra practice. （ A） It is designed for junior school students. （ B） It contains different subjects except maths. （ C） Each course takes 40 hours to complete. （ D） Each course contains 35 lessons. （ A） To satisfy his requirements. （ B） To show how the software works. （ C） To ask him
4、to buy other products. （ D） To let him compare prices and other products. （ A） It was a design school located in Germany. （ B） It was an American art movement. （ C） It was a scenic spot in Germany. （ D） It was the name of a German artist. （ A） Get further studies in universities. （ B） Work as an ass
5、istant in workshops. （ C） Study with a crafts person and an artist. （ D） Learn technical expertise on his own. （ A） Art is separate from technical skills. （ B） Art should be enjoyed by everybody. （ C） Art is a form of luxury object. （ D） Art should be based on imagination. （ A） They were individuall
6、y hand-crafted. （ B） They were produced by machines in large amounts. （ C） They were in Gothic style. （ D） They are out of date now. Section B （ A） They are indulged in the virtual world. （ B） They spend little time on their schoolwork. （ C） They take advantage of the Internet to threaten others. （
7、D） They are reluctant to interact with others in the real world. （ A） It provides them access to negative information. （ B） It helps them make new friends. （ C） It doesnt give proper guidance to the young users. （ D） It doesnt give feedback about the consequences of ones actions. （ A） They are too b
8、usy to detect it. （ B） It is beyond their supervision. （ C） The youth are threatened not to tell the truth. （ D） It doesnt show on the radar screen. （ A） He made up his mind to work for the disable. （ B） He decided to work in an auto company. （ C） He unfortunately had a car accident. （ D） He invente
9、d a new type of vehicle. （ A） A driver. （ B） A sales manager. （ C） An engineer. （ D） An advertising executive. （ A） It can be controlled remotely. （ B） It takes much room of a car. （ C） It has some merits and drawbacks. （ D） It is rather expensive. （ A） It will turn out to be a failure. （ B） It will
10、 receive a lot of orders. （ C） It helps depress the economy. （ D） It downturns the economy to a great extent. Section C （ A） It made people happier. （ B） It did more harm than good. （ C） It increased risks. （ D） It made people sick. （ A） They did not believe the harm of stress. （ B） They might die f
11、rom experiencing a lot of stress. （ C） Their risk of dying increased over the years. （ D） They might die from believing stress is bad. （ A） People shall rethink stress response as helpful. （ B） Participants shall prepare for the challenge of stress. （ C） Stress makes your heart pounding. （ D） Your b
12、ody was energized during the stress test. （ A） He turns stress into your enemy. （ B） He is able to get rid of your stress. （ C） He wants to make you better at stress. （ D） He is no longer a health psychologist. （ A） How high the rating is. （ B） How well the running shoes protect your feet. （ C） How
13、fast you can run in these running shoes. （ D） How much the running shoes will cost you. （ A） They were rated 8.3% higher than the average ones. （ B） They were sold at an average price of $61 per pair. （ C） They were rated 8.1% lower than the 10 cheapest ones. （ D） They were strongly welcomed by the
14、135,000 consumers. （ A） Because this brand has good quality. （ B） Because they are consumers favorite. （ C） Because they dont sell high price shoes. （ D） Because many moms buy this brand. （ A） They have thought. （ B） They replace our jobs. （ C） They perform boring tasks. （ D） They create explosions.
15、 （ A） Drivers. （ B） Songwriters. （ C） Journalists. （ D） Fast food cooks. （ A） For we can create new robots in the future. （ B） For we can adapt our skills to the tasks at work. （ C） For we can learn a lesson from the unemployment. （ D） For we can work with advantages over machines. Section A 26 Peop
16、le have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【 C1】 _ and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They wan
17、t to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【 C2】 _ certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【 C3】 _ schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two【 C4】 _ are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between propo
18、nents (支持者 ) of each theory. The controversy is often【 C5】 _ to as “nature vs nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and【 C6】 _ factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to d
19、o with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【 C7】 _ by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or, as they are often called,
20、behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【 C8】 _ by their surroundings. Neither of these theories can yet【 C9】 _ explain huma
21、n behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【 C10】 _ to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain. A) governed E) consulted I) scarcely M) cooperative B) referred F) genetic J) approaches N) resolution C) strategies G) r
22、eveal K) key O) distinct D) fully H) shaped L) exhibit 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 How to Keep Your New Years Resolutions A About half of all American adults say they are at least somewhat likely to make a New Years resoluti
23、on this year. Their top vows: to lose weight, quit smoking and exercise more. But consider this: if hard-core addicts can break bad habits some by moderating, not just quitting theres still hope for you. Whether your goal for this year is to get fit or tame your drinking, experts say theres a lot yo
24、u can learn from people who have successfully moderated their habits to help keep you off the resolution merry-go-round. 1. Dont Kid Yourself B “The most important thing is to be honest with yourself,“ says Howard Josepher, the president of Exponents Inc., an organization that provides support and e
25、ducational services to people with substance-misuse issues. “You need to know the difference between enjoying yourself and self-medicating. Its not that self-medicating is necessarily bad but you should give yourself parameters. If you are adhering to them, OK If not, you need to check yourself.“ C
26、Successful moderators decide in advance how much is too much and stick to their limit, no matter what. Have a cookie a day if thats what youve deemed acceptable. But if you cheat by having “just one more,“ know that you are only cheating yourself and worsening the problem, experts say. The point is
27、to learn how to hold yourself accountable. D For those who are concerned in particular about drinking, a free, research-based online tool called Drinkers Checkup can help you determine whether you are drinking at unhealthy levels, and what to do if you are. 2. Quit Cold Turkey Temporarily E “Theoret
28、ically, there are very good reasons to take a break from a behavior, totally,“ says Reid Hester, director of research at Behavior Therapy Associates, explaining that an initial period of complete abstinence (节制 ) can make it easier for people to moderate behavior by eliminating the habitual, automat
29、ic aspect of the unwanted activity. F Take a cue from the self-help group Moderation Management (MM), which advises problem drinkers to abstain completely for a month before attempting moderate drinking. If you cant achieve a month of abstinence, the thinking goes, successful moderation is unlikely:
30、 G The best way to stay on course is frequent self-monitoring; use as many behavior-modification tools, support groups and programs as you can. In October, Hester and colleagues published a randomized controlled trial in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment comparing heavy drinkers who used MMs
31、website to help them quit with those who used the MM site plus another online tool that teaches behavior-control tactics and helps chart drinking. While both groups significantly reduced their drinking and alcohol-related problems, the group that used the additional tool had more days abstinent and
32、drank less when they drank. 3. Do What the Buddhist Would Do H Alan Marlatt, director of the Addictive Behaviors Research Center at the University of Washington, studies “mindfulness-based relapse (重新染上 ) prevention,“ which uses meditation (冥想 ) and other ideas from Buddhist teachings to help people
33、 break bad habits. I “Between stimulus and response, theres a space, and in that space is our power to choose our response, and in our response lies our growth and freedom,“ says Marlatt, quoting author and Holocaust survivor Victor Frankl. Marlatt says, “Mindfulness gets you into that space.“ J Bei
34、ng mindful may involve traditional meditation, in which you sit quietly and observe your thoughts and breathing without judgment. But here, it is also used to focus awareness on thoughts and feelings that lead to unwanted behavior. Simply recognizing the triggers to relapse can help you choose not t
35、o give into them. “When theres a fork in the road, strong desire is pulling you one way. Well, whats the other way? You have to look down the other road and see where it takes you. Then you have a choice, instead of being on autopilot,“ says Marlatt. K One tactic he recommends for resisting those de
36、sires is called “urge-surfing.“ It involves being mindful of the fact that desire is like a wave it rises to a peak, then falls. This happens whether you yield to the urge or not, though most people mistakenly think their desire will escalate endlessly unless they give in. In fact, yielding to desir
37、e only reinforces them resisting, in contrast, reinforces resistance. Marlatt advises watching your urge, noting its peak and “surfing“ it, rather than allowing it to wipe you out. L Another trick is to recognize that willpower is like a muscle it gets stronger with appropriate use but ultimately we
38、akens if overloaded. Thats why Hester recommends setting short-term goals that are “moderately difficult, realistic, concrete and measurable.“ As with weight-lifting, starting at a level that is challenging but not overwhelming can provide a sense of achievement and success which can give you the dr
39、ive to take on bigger challenges. 4. Dont Try to Scare Yourself Straight M Research shows that in the long term, the pleasure of victory is a better incentive than the agony of defeat. “Punishment is a poor motivator,“ says Hester. “It sets people up for failure. If all you do is punishing yourself
40、for failure, you wont stay motivated to change for very long.“ N Instead, reward yourself for sticking to your limits and focus on the benefits of changing. For instance, if your goal is to drink less or lose weight, treat yourself to something you want a new book or DVD, say each time you successfu
41、lly resist a tempting dessert or achieve a goal, like a month of abstinence. Success tends to give birth to greater success. If you do slip back into old patterns, avoid blame. “Dont say, I cant do it, “ says Marlatt. “People make mistakes. If you keep working at it, you will get better over time. T
42、hats what the research shows.“ N For some people, trying to moderate bad habits is not achievable or takes more effort than abstaining altogether as the philosopher St. Augustine put it, “Complete abstinence is easier than perfect moderation.“ Recognizing this by trying and failing can also be a cri
43、tical step toward behavior change. 5. Get Better Friends O Consciously and unconsciously, people tend to imitate those around them. Thats why the latest research shows that things like happiness, smoking quitting and obesity can spread like an infectious disease through social networks. So surround
44、yourself with friends who can also be role models. “Make sure that people you hang out with are people who look and act the way you would like to. Social imitation is the easiest form not only of flattery but of self-improvement,“ says Stanton Peele, author of Seven Tools to Beat Addiction. P Social
45、 support is critical to changing all kinds of behavior. Good friends can not only help you through slip-ups but also help keep your New Years resolutions from taking over your life. Rather than obsessing about what you shouldnt be doing, think about things you should, experts say. The distraction wi
46、ll help you curb bad habits. “Focus on your higher goals and positive activities, things that both sustain you and fill your life,“ says Peele. If you regularly engage in meaningful activities that give you pleasurewhether its visiting friends, picking up a hobby, taking a class or doing volunteer w
47、orkyoull simply have less time to engage in the behavior that you want to reduce. 37 Using meditation can help people quit bad habits. 38 Willpower gets stronger if it is used appropriately. 39 Self-medicating is a bad thing unless you adhere to the parameters. 40 Mindfulness gets people into space
48、between stimulus and response. 41 An online tool can help you determine whether you are drinking too much. 42 A self-help group advices alcohol addicts to try a complete abstinence before moderate drinking. 43 It is advisable for you to give yourself a little prize once you achieve a goal, like a mo
49、nth of abstinence. 44 Research shows that in the long term, it is the pleasure of victory that motivates you to keep the resolution you have made. 45 As people tend to be affected by those around them, happiness as well as some bad habits can spread like an infectious disease. 46 It can be concluded from the randomized controlled trial that its helpful to use as many behavior-modification tools as possible. Section C 46 To best protect threatened plants
