1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 812及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Be a Childs Slave? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below： 1养孩子的压力越来越大，很多人成为 “孩奴 ” 2有些父母坚持为 孩子投资一掷千金，也有很多人对此不以为然 3我的看法 Be a Childs Slave? 二、
2、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passag
3、e; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Intellectual Property The phrase intellectual property (IP)refers to the bundle of legal rights that arise from the creative genius of the human mind.
4、 IP rights play an important role in the economic prosperity of a country and serve as a motivating force for creative individuals to share their genius with society. Like real and personal property rights protect ones ownership interest in tangible (有形的 )objects, such as land and automobiles, IP ri
5、ghts protect ones ownership interest in intangible objects, such as the idea behind an invention, the music score for a Broadway play and the name or logo used to brand a product. Without enforcement of these rights in the law, it would be difficult for society to prosper and grow. In this article,
6、you will learn what intellectual property rights are and the differences between its various forms. General Introduction When most people think of intellectual property rights, patents, trademarks and copyrights come to mind. This core set of IP rights reward and protect the creative works of invent
7、ors, authors, owners and sellers of goods and services in the marketplace. While the legal principles that underlie each of these rights are distinct, they each share a common set of principles. An award of patent, trademark or copyright protection requires a delicate balance between the interests o
8、f the inventor or author and the interest of society as a whole. This balance is very much like the tradeoff required by zoning laws, which attempt to protect the ownership interest and exclusive right to use that a land owner has with societys interest in the limited use of the owners land for soci
9、etys greater good. Public utility easements and right of ways are examples of this balance. The grant of a patent on an important invention of a lifesaving drug represents a similar set of tradeoffs. Is it fair to the inventor to allow society free access to the patented drug? Is it fair to society
10、to be denied access for its greater good? It is the role of intellectual property law to harmonize these seemingly conflicting interests. Intellectual property rights also foster a competitive marketplace. They do so by encouraging disclosure of innovation through protecting the fruits of that innov
11、ation for a period of time. Disclosure allows others to build and improve upon prior innovation so that the state of the art continues to evolve and develop. Without the benefits provided by intellectual property protection, the marketplace would not operate effectively. Imagine what the world would
12、 be like if every competitor had to continuously “reinvent the wheel“ rather than being able to refine and improve upon the works of others. Finally, intellectual property rights are regional in nature and the conditions of their grant and enforceability are governed by the laws of each jurisdiction
13、 (管辖区域 ). A US patent can be only granted and enforced in accordance with the laws of the United States. A trademark can only be registered and enforced in Canada in accordance with the laws of Canada, and a copyright can only be registered and enforced in Mexico in accordance with its laws. While t
14、here is a desire to be somewhat uniform and consistent, countries have different approaches to intellectual property rights protection. Variations in the procedure for obtaining IP rights account for a large percentage of these difference, rather than the differences in the substantive rights grante
15、d in each country. The words “patent“ and “trademark“ are often used interchangeably. Many times, we hear that a patent is used to protect a logo and that a trademark is used to protect an invention, and vice versa. While patents and trademarks may be associated with the same product, the two words
16、have very different meanings and refer to very different forms of intellectual property rights. They can seldom be used interchangeably, as the underlying rights that each protects is quite different in nature. “ What Is a Patent? In general, a patent is used to protect the intellectual property rig
17、hts associated with the design of a product or process. US patents are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and are enforceable only within the US and its possession. A US patent has no effect outside the US. A patent gives the patent owner the “exclusive right“ to stop others fro
18、m making, using, selling or offering for sale the product, or process of making the product, that is described by the. patent claims.; It is important to note that a patent does not give the patent owner the right to exploit the patented invention himself. The patent owner has only the “exclusive ri
19、ght“ to stop others from doing so In other words, just because you obtain a patent on your product does not mean jthat you can actually use the product. You may be blocked by an earlier patent owner who exercises the “exclusive right“ granted to, him under his patent. This is an important distinctio
20、n and the following example will help to explain it. Suppose that the invention covered by your patent is a chair with four legs, a seat, a back and a pair, of rockersa rocking chair. Under your patent, you have the exclusive right to, stop others from makings using, selling or offering for sale you
21、r patented rocking chair. Lets assume, however, that the rockers on your rocking chair are unique and are covered by an earlier patent to someone else. The rocker patent,owner has the exclusive right under his patent to stop others (including you)from using his patented.rockers. Your use of the pate
22、nted rockers on your rocking chair would constitute infringement (侵权 )of the rocker patent. So while you received a patent for your rocking chair, you will not be able to actually make, use, sell or offer for sale the chair without first obtaining permission from the rocker patent owner. The rocker
23、patent owner is not required to give you permission, however, and can keep your rocking chair off the market if he chooses to do so. It might make better sense, of course, for the rocker patent owner to participate in your success by giving his permission in exchange for a licensing fee. The term fo
24、r a patent is 20 years from the filing date of the patent application from which leads to the patent. What Are Trademarks? Like patents, trademark registrations in the US are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. While a patent protects a product from unauthorized copying through
25、the patent owners exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the patented product, a trademark addresses the need for product identification, or branding, among consumers of the product. Thus, a trademark has nothing to do with preventing a product from being cop
26、ied. That is the role of a patent. The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a trademark as any word, name, symbol, or devipe, or any combination, used, or intended to be used, in commerce to identify and distinguish the goods of one manufacturer or seller from goods manufactured or sold
27、 by others, and to indicate the source of the goods. In short, a trademark is a brand name. What Is a Copyright? A copyright protects the expression of an idea. Unlike a patent which protects the idea itself, the copyright protects only the expression. The idea of the chair with four legs discussed
28、above can be protected by a patent. The expression of that idea through drawings, pictures and words can be protected by a copyright. In order to qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author. To be original, the work: (1)must have been independently created by the author r
29、ather than being copied from other work(s)and, (2)must have at least a minimal degree of creativity. If these two conditions are not met, the work will not qualify as being original and is not entitled to copyright protection. However, a work still qualifies for copyright protection even if it inclu
30、des non-original elements. For example, if an author rearranges non-original elements in an original way, the compilation will be considered to be original and qualified for copyright protection. Depending on when the work was created, the period of copyright protection begins when the work is creat
31、ed and terminates 70 years after the death of the author. 2 Which of the following do IP rights protect? （ A） Land. （ B） Automobile. （ C） Broadway. （ D） Logo. 3 When issuing IP protection, an important matter is the balance between the interests of_. （ A） the inventor or author and that of the socie
32、ty （ B） the author and that of the publisher （ C） land owners and that of the society （ D） protection and the real practice 4 How do IP rights foster a competitive marketplace? （ A） They only offer protection for a certain period of time. （ B） They award people who improve their innovations. （ C） Th
33、ey provide a list of innovations for the society. （ D） They make the invention of the wheel free to the public. 5 Whats the big difference among countries in IP rights protection? （ A） Desires for IP rights protection consistent. （ B） The procedure for obtaining IP rights. （ C） Substantive rights gr
34、anted. （ D） Offices that grant the IP rights. 6 What can we learn about the United States Patent? （ A） It only protects US citizens. （ B） It only protects designs made in the country. （ C） It only has effect within the US. （ D） It only allows the patent to be used in the country. 7 The inventor of t
35、he rocker chair may not be able to launch the chair into the market because_. （ A） the author hasnt applied for the patent （ B） the author himself cant make many chairs （ C） the rocker in the chair is protected by the patent （ D） the rocker chair has not been proved to be safe 8 What can we learn ab
36、out the trademark registrations in the US? （ A） They prevent a product from being copied. （ B） They tell the consumers what kind of product it is. （ C） They give the inventor or author exclusive right. （ D） They are granted by the same office that grants the patent. 9 The definition of trademark men
37、tioned in the passage is made by_. 10 The patent protects the idea itself while the copyright is designed to protect_. 11 The period of copyright protection is decided by the time_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eac
38、h conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Non-E
39、nglish majors are the sponsors of the lectures. （ B） English majors can only attend three weeks lectures. （ C） The lectures are mainly held for English majors. （ D） All students can attend the four weeks lectures. （ A） He will help the woman do the task. （ B） He would like to give the woman a lift.
40、（ C） He will help the woman repair her car. （ D） He wants the woman to give him a ride. （ A） He will lose the campaign. （ B） He can be a good leader. （ C） He is bad at management. （ D） He is the ideal candidate. （ A） Snowflakes of the first snow are dirty. （ B） It is difficult to see the snowflakes
41、closely. （ C） We should enjoy snowflakes rather than snow. （ D） It is the experts job to study the snowflakes. （ A） The weather is warm. （ B） The air is very clean. （ C） The weather is changeable. （ D） The water is not cold. （ A） There is not enough time to finish the paper. （ B） They shouldnt hand
42、the work to the professor. （ C） They are so lucky to get another three days. （ D） They shouldnt ask for more time. （ A） He is the manger of the company. （ B） He doesnt like the new employee. （ C） He would like to help the woman buy gifts. （ D） He has been working there for three years. （ A） He forgo
43、t the time of account class. （ B） He went to California with his wife. （ C） He took part in a field trip. （ D） He didnt like the information in account class. （ A） The womans transfer to another department. （ B） The mans transfer to another college. （ C） The womans optional courses for next semester
44、. （ D） The mans grades of this semester. （ A） Because he prefers to go out of the state. （ B） Because he needs to gain more credits. （ C） Because he wants to be an associate professor. （ D） Because he wants to get the Bachelors degree. （ A） Ask his professor to write a recommendation letter. （ B） Pr
45、ovide the school his scores. （ C） Build strong self-confidence. （ D） Take a psychology class. （ A） He wants to live alone. （ B） He cant bear his roommate. （ C） He cant afford to live in the dorm. （ D） He wants to make friends with different people. （ A） He moves to another room within the campus. （
46、B） He compromises with his current roommate. （ C） He moves off the campus. （ D） He transfers to another university. （ A） Visit a friend. （ B） Go to off-campus housing department. （ C） Ask his roommate to move out. （ D） Go to the new dorm. （ A） Apply for the refund. （ B） Close the door when leaving.
47、（ C） Take a part-time job. （ D） Find a safe department. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best an
48、swer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Its stimulating effect is an illusion. （ B） It stimulates your nerves. （ C） It supplies nutrition to the brain. （ D） It makes you more tired. （ A） Have coffee after breakfast. （ B） Give up the habit of drinking in the morning. （ C） Abstain from c
49、affeine completely. （ D） Be alert about the risk of being paralyzed. （ A） It shows great variance in levels of alertness among volunteers. （ B） It proves that coffee improves memory and attentiveness. （ C） It suggests that caffeine only brings drinkers back up to normal. （ D） It indicates that coffee drinking is addictive. （ A） To encourage bicycling in and around central London. （ B） To make full use of the docking stations in London. （ C） To build an environmentally friendly city. （ D） To solve the
