1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 810及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should We Follow Our Parents Work Arrangement? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1现在 越来越多的年轻人择业时与家长发生争执 2有些人坚持自己的决定，有些人则听从父母的安排 3我的观点 S
2、hould We Follow Our Parents Work Arrangement? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statemen
3、t agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Good and Hungry Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly lambast (抨
4、击 )them for peddling (售卖 )food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonalds, whose golden arches symbolize calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with and to deflect. The burger business faces more pr
5、essure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy. Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such “trading down“ proved t
6、rue for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $ 1 menus and cheap combination meals. As a result, fast-food chai
7、ns have weathered the recession better than their pricier competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Sa
8、me-store sales in America at McDonalds, the worlds largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too: its boss, Ron Shaich, claims this is because it offers higher-quality food at lower p
9、rices than restaurants. But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smal
10、ler fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carls Jr. , have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because at the same time they are “slugging it out with a global powerhouse“ in the form of McDonalds, which ramped up spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others
11、 cut back. Some fast-food companies also cannibalized their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that
12、strategy backfired. Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人 )sued the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $ 1 when they cost $ 1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still
13、 be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its “value menu“ now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October. Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making them rethink their strategies.
14、 Many companies are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (诱使 )consumers away from $ 1 specials. KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $ 5. And in May Burger King introduced barbecue pork ribs at a hefty $ 7
15、 for eight. More Cheeseburgers Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonalds started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe“ line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. Others are testing a similar strategy. S
16、tarbucks has sold rights to its Seattles Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year. McDonalds is now rolling out frappe coffees and smoothies. As fast-food companies shift from “super size“ to “more buys“ they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day.
17、 Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonalds will start selling porridge in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very lucrative (利润丰厚的 )， says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are als
18、o adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, “we can sell to consumers products they want all day,“ says Rick Carucci, the chief financial officer of Yum! Brands. Yet growth opportunities in America are lim
19、ited because the market is considered to be “saturated“, not so much in fats but outlets. China is the place where most fast-food chains, like so many industries, see big expansion. Mr. Carucci, for one, thinks China will be “the biggest growth opportunity for the industry this century“. If so, then
20、 Yum!, which has the greatest presence in China of any Western fast-food company, will be celebrating. Already around 30% of the companys profits come from China, and in the next five years this is expected to grow to 40%. India also looks like a succulent opportunity. Others plan to serve up more b
21、usiness in Russia and elsewhere in Europe. Given that around 75% of fast-food companies revenue in Europe comes from people eating in the restaurants, older European outlets are being done up to make them more attractive places. Getting Chunky The recession also proved the importance of size in comp
22、eting for customers, which means that more consolidation is likely. Wendys and Arbys, two American fast-food chains, merged in 2008. On June 11th their shares surged following news that a buyer was interested in the company. Smaller chains may catch the eye of private-equity firms, just as CKE Resta
23、urants did earlier this year when Apollo Management, a buyout firm, purchased it. But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have nimbly (机敏地 )avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impre
24、ssion of doing something about helping to fight obesity. These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who dont want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries. In the future,
25、 simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough. “Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,“ says Mr. Palmer of UBS. Americas health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the c
26、alorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks st
27、ores where a Dunkin Donuts outlet was nearby a sign, it is said, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more nutritious offerings. In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating. Walt Riker of McDonalds claims the makeove
28、r it has given to its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago. “We probably sell more lettuce, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,“ he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban the golden arches from includin
29、g toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals“, because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there is a lot more left to do. 2 Why do some critics think McDonalds should be forbidden to sponsor the World Cup? （ A） The fast food is very expensive. （ B） The fast food tends to
30、 make people overweighted. （ C） The fast food is not popular among football fans. （ D） Its golden arch is a symbol of defeat and bad luck. 3 What happened to fast-food companies when the recession hit most other industries? （ A） Fast-food companies became more popular than usual. （ B） Most fast-food
31、 companies went bankrupt. （ C） Fast-food companies were influenced little in the recession. （ D） Fast-food companies faced more pressure from restaurants. 4 According to Ron Shaich, what is the reason for Panera Bread to earn great profit even in the recession? （ A） It occupies more market share tha
32、n other companies. （ B） It has more chains than other companies. （ C） It produces food with more nutrition. （ D） It sells high-quality food at lower prices. 5 Smaller fast-food chains like Jack in the Box and Carls Jr. suffered much from the downturn because_. （ A） they had poor management and terri
33、ble production technology （ B） they produced food with high quality at higher prices （ C） they had to spend more money on advertising to compete with other companies （ D） they produced food with lower quality and were defeated in the competition 6 During the recession Burger King required its dealer
34、s to sell burgers at a lower price in order to_. （ A） attract customers to their shops to buy more expensive items （ B） promote the products that will be out of shelf life soon （ C） withdraw the capital from circulation quickly （ D） popularize its products among the public 7 The new strategy that ma
35、ny fast-food companies are taking after the recession is_. （ A） promoting their products by selling at a lower price （ B） investing more capital to enlarge the companys scale （ C） providing more expensive items to distract consumers focus （ D） producing more cheaper specials to occupy more market sh
36、are 8 According to Sara Senatore of Bernstein, McDonalds will start introducing porridge in its menu because_. （ A） porridge is very nutritious （ B） porridge is very popular among the public （ C） breakfast is easy to prepare （ D） breakfast is very profitable 9 The mergence of Wendys and Arbys after
37、the recession indicates that they have realized the importance of_. 10 Fast-food firms have escaped government regulation by means of_. 11 McDonalds is not allowed to include toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals“ because such action may_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short
38、 conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B
39、, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He often skips classes to play basketball. （ B） He has no chance to play basketball. （ C） Hes looking for somebody to play with him. （ D） He loves playing basketball very much. （ A） She hasnt worn the dress for a long time. （ B） She doesnt like th
40、e dress very much. （ C） She intends to give the dress to her sister. （ D） She doesnt remember where she bought the dress. （ A） Go to a shop to buy a guitar. （ B） Go to see a real rock star. （ C） Sing a song together. （ D） Have a contest against each other. （ A） Hes independent. （ B） Hes ambitious. （
41、 C） Hes righteous. （ D） Hes untrustworthy. （ A） Anxious. （ B） Confident. （ C） Afraid. （ D） Excited. （ A） In a post office. （ B） In a hotel. （ C） In a police office. （ D） In a hospital. （ A） He edited three books. （ B） He bought the wrong book. （ C） He lost half of his money. （ D） He found the book i
42、n his home. （ A） He has some work to do. （ B） He likes staying at home. （ C） His boss is coming to see him. （ D） He doesnt feel like eating any bread. （ A） He has opened a new account. （ B） Somethings wrong with his account. （ C） He began to pay a car loan. （ D） He had to deal with a financial crisi
43、s. （ A） The bank is providing more favorable taxes. （ B） The bank is collecting more fees than he expected. （ C） He receives a bank statement every month. （ D） He can pay bills by credit cards without additional fees. （ A） He has many credit cards. （ B） He didnt consult the woman before. （ C） He pay
44、s more attention to the accounts. （ D） He pays little attention to the terms. （ A） What is new recycling. （ B） The new recycling program on campus. （ C） How to make the recycling known. （ D） The features of new trash cans. （ A） People dont like the color of the trash cans. （ B） Not enough people vol
45、unteer to sort the trash. （ C） Collections dont get enough financial support. （ D） Most people dont like to classify their trash. （ A） By decorating the campus more beautifully. （ B） By encouraging more volunteers to take part in it. （ C） By persuading people to purchase trash cans. （ D） By coloring
46、 trash cans in different colors. （ A） Pick up the trash in different areas. （ B） Collect and take it to the right trash centers. （ C） Distinguish the trash cans. （ D） Classify the different trash. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you
47、will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Their boss does not listen to their advice. （ B） They are overloaded with work. （ C） They dont like their
48、 colleagues. （ D） Their boss pays them less for hard work. （ A） It can be given by the manager. （ B） It can be built easily. （ C） It changes from time to time. （ D） It can make people successful. （ A） Listen attentively. （ B） Argue with them. （ C） Focus on the details. （ D） Be absent-minded. （ A） Ad
49、vertise on TV or in newspapers. （ B） Ask the staff to work overtime. （ C） Give customers gifts for free. （ D） Distribute leaflets in the street. （ A） To offer something unique. （ B） To give gifts to the customers. （ C） To be polite to all the customers. （ D） To have drive-in service all day. （ A） How to deposit money from a bank. （ B） How to decide which bank is the best. （ C） How to attract customers to a bank. （ D） How to advertise for a bank. （ A） The ghosts would return to
