1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 75 及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic High Salaries or Career Development? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 有的大学毕业生择业时盲目追求高工资，有的则认为提供学习机会及事业上的发展才是更重要的
2、2. 持有这两种观点的原因 3. 你的观点 High Salaries or Career Development? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if
3、 the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Time in the Animal Mind Humans are born time travelers. We may not be able to send our b
4、odies into the past or the future, at least not yet, but we can send our minds. We can relive events that happened long ago or imagine ourselves in the future. New studies suggest that the two directions of time travel are intimately twisted together in the human brain. But some experts on animal be
5、havior do not think we are unique in this respect. They point to several recent experiments suggesting that animals can visit the past and future as well. The first clues about the twists and turns of mental time travel came from people with certain brain injuries that caused them to forget autobiog
6、raphical details without forgetting the information they had picked up along the way. A man known as K.C., for instance, could play chess with no memory of having ever played it. K.C.could remember sentences psychologists taught him without any memory of the lessons. K.C. had lost what psychologists
7、 now call episodic memory. Endel Tulving, a Canadian psychologist, defined episodic memory as the ability to recall the details of personal experiences: what happened, where it happened, when it happened and so on. Dr. Tulving argued that episodic memory was distinct from other kinds of memory that
8、did not involve personal experience. People can remember how to get to a subway stop, for example, without recalling the first time they were there. Episodic memory was also unique to our species, Dr. Tulving maintained. For one thing, he argued that episodic memory required self-awareness. You cant
9、 remember yourself if you dont know you exist. He also argued that there was no evidence animals could recollect experiences, even if those experiences left an impression on them. Many animal behavior experts agreed with Dr. Tulving, even though they had not actually run experiments testing the idea
10、. But when Nicola Clayton, a comparative psychologist, first heard about the claim, she had a different reaction. Dr. Clayton began to test western scrub jays(灌丛鸦 )to see if they met any of the criteria for episodic memory. The jays can hide several thousand pieces of food each year and remember the
11、 location of each one. Dr. Clayton wondered if scrub jays simply remembered locations, or if they remembered the experience of hiding the food. She ran an experiment using two kinds of food: moth larvae(幼虫 ) and peanuts. Scrub jays prefer larvae to peanuts while the larvae are still fresh. When the
12、larvae are dead for a few hours, the jays prefer peanuts. Dr. Clayton gave the birds a chance to hide both kinds of food and then put them in another cage. She later returned the birds to their hiding-places, in some cases after four, hours and in other cases after five days. The time the scrub jays
13、 spent away from their caches had a big effect on the type of food they looked for. The birds that waited four hours tended to dig up larvae, and the birds that had to wait for five days passed the larvae by and dug up peanuts instead. In 1998, Dr. Clayton and her colleagues published the results of
14、 their experiment, declaring that scrub jays met the standards for “episodic-like“ memory. Other scientists have followed Dr. Claytons lead and have searched for signs of episodic-like memory in ether animals. When rats are exploring a maze, for example, they seem to be able to recall which kinds of
15、 food they encountered along the way. Hummingbirds(蜂鸟 )seem to remember where and when they visited individual flowers for nectar. Rhesus monkeys(恒河猴 )can remember where they put food, but not how long ago they put it there. Some researchers have not been persuaded by these studies, however. “Animal
16、s seem to be living very much in the present,“ said Thomas Suddendorf, a comparative psychologist at the University of Queensland in Australia. Dr. Suddendorf argues that a scrub jay could remember type of food along with the location of a cache without having a sense or memory of self. “Information
17、 is not really what characterizes mental time travel.“ Dr. Suddendorf said. “I know that in 1967 in Sweden my mom gave birth to me but that doesnt mean I can travel back to that time and experience that event.“ Episodic memory also depends on many other faculties in the human mind, Dr. Suddendorf ar
18、gues. He said he believes it evolved after our ancestors branched off from other apes. The advantage lay not in knowing the past, however, but in providing “an advantage for predicting the future,“ he said. Recent brain scanning studies support Dr. Suddendorfs link between the past and future. Danie
19、l Schacter, a psychologist, and his colleagues at Harvard University recently studied how brains function as people think about past experiences and imagine future ones. Constructing an episodic memory causes a distinctive network of brain regions to become active. As a person then adds details to t
20、he memory, the network changes, as some regions quiet down and others fire up. The researchers then had their subjects think about themselves in the future. Many parts of the episodic memory network became active again. Dr. Suddendorf argues that these overlapping networks for mental time travel evo
21、lved at least 1.6 million years ago. He points to stone tools primitives made at that time. Paleoanthropologists(古人类学家 ) have determined that the tools were moved many miles from where they were made. “If youve just eaten, the only reason youre going to take a tool with you is if you anticipate usin
22、g it in the future,“ he said. Dr. Suddendorf has roused comparative psychologists to action. They have been looking for evidence that animals can also plan for the future. “We tested squirrel monkeys to see if they could anticipate the future, and to our surprise it looks like they could,“ said Dr.
23、William Roberts, a comparative psychologist at the University of Western Ontario. He and his colleagues ran a test in which they offered squirrel monkeys a choice between one piece of date(海枣 ) or four. Not surprisingly, the monkeys took four. But the scientists then began to take away water from th
24、e monkeys before they offered the choice. If the monkeys took four pieces, the scientists kept the water away for three hours. If the monkeys took one, the scientists returned the water in half an hour. The monkeys learned to choose one date. Even though they were not thirsty at the time, they antic
25、ipated becoming thirsty in the future. Dr. Clayton recently tested her scrub jays for foresight. She and her colleagues put the birds in three adjoining compartments for six days. Each morning the birds were shut for two hours in one of two rooms. In one room they got nothing to eat. In the other ro
26、om, they got powdered pine nuts. For the rest of the day, each bird could move around all three rooms and enjoy more powdered nuts. On the seventh day, the scientists switched the powdered pine nuts with real ones. “If Im a bird, what I could do is to take some of the provisions and hide it so that
27、if I do wake up there in the morning, I can get my own breakfast,“ Dr. Clayton said. Dr. Clayton found that the birds put over three times more pine nuts in the no-breakfast room than in the breakfast room. She argues that the results mean that birds can take action for their future needs, knowing w
28、hat theyll need and where theyll need it. Other experts on animal behavior say that the study is compelling. Even Dr. Suddendorf is intrigued by Dr. Claytons results. He said he wonders how long the birds can plan ahead. “Can they do this for an event next week or next month like humans can? Is it l
29、imited to hiding, to just food?“ 2 K.C. could recall some sentences without remembering he had taken such lessons because he learned them by himself. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Because being aware of self-existence is the premise of episodic memory, only human beings have such kind of memory. （ A） Y （
30、B） N （ C） NG 4 If moth larvae are dead for five days, scrub jays will not touch upon them in any case. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Some scientists agreed with Claytons claim and found more evidences to support it. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 According to Thomas Suddendorf, knowing some events happened in th
31、e past doesnt _ episodic memory. 7 The advantage of having episodic memory lies in that it can _. 8 The example that primitive people carried stone tools with them indicates human episodic memory _. 9 In order to argue against Dr. Suddendorf, some comparative psychologists have been conducting exper
32、iments to prove animals can _. 10 In William Roberts experiment, monkeys learned to take one date because they foresaw they would be _ in the future. 11 The result of Claytons recent test that birds hid more pine nuts in the non-breakfast compartment indicates they have _. Section A Directions: In t
33、his section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must
34、 read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She conducted the classical chapters pretty well. （ B） The chapters she composed and conducted were all in harmony. （ C） She composed the harmonious chapters by herself. （ D） The classical chapters composed by her
35、 were in harmony. （ A） She stayed at the opening the entire time. （ B） She wasnt able to attend the show. （ C） She lost interest in the show and left. （ D） She wasnt familiar with the artists. （ A） He has decided how to spend the prize money. （ B） He doesnt know how much his rent is going to be incr
36、eased. （ C） Hes already planned to take part in next years essay contest. （ D） He has already paid his landlord for next years rent. （ A） He told the woman to take seven courses this semester. （ B） He knew that the womans schedule would be too difficult for her. （ C） His current schedule is also ver
37、y demanding. （ D） Taking so many classes will enable the woman to graduate early. （ A） Shes worried about the approaching snowstorm. （ B） She wont have time to go outside tomorrow. （ C） She does believe the weather report. （ D） She is pleased about the weather report. （ A） He has not been to the new
38、 restaurant yet. （ B） He would like to go to the new restaurant with the woman. （ C） The food at the new restaurant is not very good. （ D） A restaurants environment is very important to him. （ A） She can find the right person to help the man. （ B） She can help the man out. （ C） Shes also in need of
39、the math textbook. （ D） She picked up the book from the bus floor. （ A） She saw the policeman chasing her but didnt stop her car. （ B） She waved for the policeman to show she would stop her car. （ C） She was shown to stop at the side of a mad by the policeman. （ D） She lost her driving license becau
40、se she didnt fasten the seat belt. （ A） In a school zone. （ B） In a residential district. （ C） In a commercial area. （ D） In the countryside. （ A） The street sign. （ B） Tile pedestrian. （ C） The wall. （ D） The pole in the road. （ A） She should take another test any day except Friday. （ B） She should
41、 take the test.with another driving officer. （ C） Shed better take more driving lessons before trying the test again. （ D） She should take another test on the day when it is less crowded. （ A） How historical events affected an art movement. （ B） How artists can influence economic conditions. （ C） Wh
42、y a certain art movement failed to become popular. （ D） How valuable paintings were lost during wartime. （ A） Many artists lost faith in the value of art. （ B） Many artists moved away from large cities. （ C） Many artists were forced to take jobs in other fields. （ D） Many artists in the United State
43、s moved to other countries. （ A） People working in a large factory. （ B） People walking on crowded city streets. （ C） An everyday activity in a small town. （ D） A well-known historical event. （ A） The populations of small towns increased rapidly. （ B） Art critics in cities began to take notice of re
44、gionalism. （ C） Some regionalist painters began a new art movement. （ D） Society became more internationally focused. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onl
45、y once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Philippines and Japan. （ B） Indonesia and Hong Kong. （ C） Singapore and Hong Kong. （ D） The United States and Indonesia. （ A） Because schoolchildren waste time and money on them. （ B）
46、Because too many adults spend working hours playing them. （ C） Because they can easily be turned into a form of gambling. （ D） Because they are becoming a social problem, affecting both adults and children. （ A） People, regardless of their age, are crazy about video games. （ B） Those over 15 can use
47、 the machines during the day in most countries. （ C） Schoolchildren in uniforms are not allowed into amusement centers in many countries. （ D） Youngsters are not prohibited to use video game machines placed in amusement centers. （ A） Importance of knowledge. （ B） Differences between knowledge and pr
48、actice. （ C） How to gain experience. （ D） Book knowledge and practical experience. （ A） It is as important as that from books. （ B） It is less important than that from books. （ C） It is more important than that from books. （ D） It is too limited. （ A） Because we can succeed only by making mistakes.
49、（ B） Because it is necessary for us to make mistakes if we want to be successful. （ C） Because making mistakes means giving us more useful knowledge. （ D） Because all the book knowledge is gained by making mistakes. （ A） A period when cars are rushing on the roads. （ B） A period when people are going to or from their work. （ C） A period when cars are crowed on the roads. （ D） A period when people are crowed in buses. （ A） To limit the numbers of cars parked in the street. （ B） To prevent cars p
