1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 386及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Away from Net-bar Campaign. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 新闻媒体 披露，徐州某中学 1000多名学生签名，庄严承诺 “远离网吧 ” 2分析 “远离网吧 ”运动的原
2、因 3做出对比和评论 Away from Net-bar Campaign 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees
3、 with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 New Hopes for Preventing AIDS The success of anti-retroviral (抑止肿瘤病毒 ) drugs in treating HIV is getting resea
4、rchers at the 16th International AIDS conference excited at the prospect that the potent medicines might be exploited to perform double duty. Why not use the power of these ARVs to prevent an HIV transmission or infection from taking hold in the first place? Bill and Melinda Gates asked that provoca
5、tive question on the opening day of the conference, and are committing their considerable financial resources toward finding an answer. In their remarks, they highlighted the need to develop microbicides and oral-prevention drugs while we wait for a vaccine. And they will get their first hint at how
6、 smart their decision was this Thursday, when scientists from West Africa report the initial results from the first trial studying an oral prevention drug. So how realistic are the Gates in expecting even more from the ARVs? “I do think the range of prevention options we have within the next decade
7、will greatly expand,“ says Dr. Helene Gayle, President of Care USA and co-chair of the conference. “The biologic plausibility for both microbicides and oral-prevention drags is so great.“ Dr. Mark Dybul, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, said that if a microbicide or prevention drug becomes available to
8、 protect people from infections, they would be funded under the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief if countries chose to use them. “We would support all of that; it would be perfectly within our mandate to do all that,“ he told TIME. Preventing HIV is the only way to keep the number of new in
9、fections that occur each year - 4 million - from growing. And yet prevention strategies, always the ugly stepsister to treatment programs, have not really taken hold in the developing nations where the rate of infection is highest. An effective vaccine, of course, is the ultimate prevention weapon,
10、but as the Gates pointed out, an HIV shot is still a long way off. In the meantime, microbicides could be one way to co-opt ARVs into the prevention war; these are chemical compounds, usually in the form of a gel or cream, that women can use vaginally prior to intercourse to stop the transmission of
11、 HIV - its the same idea behind spermicides (杀精子剂 ), which are chemical barriers to sperm entering the vagina and causing pregnancy. Its an elegantly simple approach, made even simpler by the fact that researchers didnt really have to start from scratch to come up with new anti-HIV compounds; they a
12、lready have them in the ARVs, which now interrupt the virus from infecting cells at various points in its life cycle. The key difference is that in a microbicide, the drugs are being used in healthy people rather than in those infected with HIV. When ARVs are used for treatment, both doctors and pat
13、ients are willing to tolerate a higher level of side effects - after all, if the choice is between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects, most patients opt for the latter. If the drugs are to be used to prevent infection, however, everything changes; understandably, healthy people arent as likely to
14、accept the same level of side effects and toxicities as those already infected. Thats why clinical trials are so significant. So far, there are 30 to 40 different microbicide candidates being tested in animals, and five trials in Ghana, Nigeria and other developing nations at the most advanced stage
15、s of testing in women. Dr. Gita Ramjee, of the HIV Prevention Research Unit in Durban, South Africa, has worked with all five, and is hopeful that they will prove effective and make an impact on the disease. Because these latest microbicides are reformulated ARVs, however, the problem of the virus b
16、ecoming resistant to them is a potential drawback. Dr. Peter Plot, of UNAIDS, suggests basing microbicides only on the drugs do not make it through the pharmaceutical pipeline many are rejected because they dont maintain high enough levels in the blood to treat an HIV infection, but could be suffici
17、ently powerful to prevent transmission. But Zeda Rosenberg, CEO of International Partnership for Microbicides, which has sponsored a number of the trims, believes that since microbicides arent designed to enter the bloodstream and suppress HIV there, resistance wont be as huge a hurdle as it is for
18、ARVs used in treatment. “The studies so far, with most of the ARV products, suggest very low levels of systemic absorption,“ she says. “It may be that there is insufficient absorption to select for resistance. But we wont know that answer until we do the efficacy trials.“ The first of these results,
19、 from Nigeria, will be released in September 2007. Even if they prove to be effective, Ramjee and others stress that microbicides - whether they come in the form of a gel or cream applied before intercourse, or as part of a delayed release ring inserted into the cervix that can provide the drug for
20、anywhere from 30 to 90 days - are not a physical barrier to HIV. At best, microbicides may be 80% effective in preventing the transmission of the virus during intercourse. To improve the chances that the virus doesnt slip by, however, there is always the possibility of combining the ARVs, in the sam
21、e Way that doctors currently do to treat infected patients. On the ground, however, Ramjee noted that its sometimes hard to keep patients enrolled. Not only do women often face opposition from their male partners to using the microbicide, there is the reality that many of the women enrolled end up g
22、etting pregnant, and as a result, have to drop out. (The trial sponsors, including USAID, NIIH and the Gates Foundation, do continue to provide family planning and other pre and post natal services to these women, if they choose to use them. ) Even more tantalizing (让人着急的 ) than the microbicides is
23、the idea of taking a pill before intercourse or other high-risk behavior, and thereby becoming protected from HIV. Drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEPs = Prevention of or protective treatment for disease) were born from the success of programs that prevent mother-to-child transmission; since AR
24、Vs given to women pre-and-post-delivery are effective in reducing the transmission of HIV to the child, and using ARVs before exposure to HIV have the same effect in protecting partners. Five trials, all involving two compounds, Tenofovir or Truvada, are now underway in Thailand, Botswana, Peru, Wes
25、t Africa and even the U.S. Its being tested in groups at highest risk of transmitting the virus-commercial sex workers and gay men. “What you want is a high level of ARV in the blood and body secretions, so that when you are exposed to HIV, the ARV will kill the virus,“ explains Dr. Peter Plot, dire
26、ctor of UNAIDS. “Because at infection, the number of virus particles is very, very small, so you can inhibit or kill them before they penetrate cells or just at the early phases of infection.“ Piot, however, notes that if PrEPs prove effective, they will create a number of thorny ethical issues: How
27、 will use of the drug be monitored? Could it become a “party“ drug or a Viagra-like crutch that people erroneously believe will provide them with absolute protection? “Well need a lot of behavioral research, which I think should be initiated as soon as possible,“ he says. “Particularly when it looks
28、 like PrEP will become a reality.“ Resistance is a key issue with PrEP as well, and if effective PrEP drugs are used widely, the problem of resistant HIV expands rapidly. “We need to be better about looking at what public health strategy we should use for ARVs,“ says Gayle. “There are a lot of poten
29、tial pitfalls, but our commitment has to be to make options available, develop options that are safe and effective, so they can be used by people who need them the most, and at the same time make sure we have policies so they are used in the safest way possible from a public health perspective.“ 2 A
30、RVs havent been used widely to prevent HIV transmission or infection for lack of money. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The great biologic plausibility makes it possible to use microbicides and oral-prevention drugs to prevent HIV in the next 10 years. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Lack of prevention strategies a
31、nd treatment programs makes the developing countries the largest in the number of HIV infection. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Virtually all patients choose to tolerate side effects when confronted with the choice between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 According to Dr. Peter
32、 Diot, _ could be powerful enough to prevent HIV transmission. 7 Zeda Rosenberg has an assumption that the latest microbicides dont cause many side effects by reason that the body system _. 8 According to Ramjee, the combination of _ is possibly the most effective in preventing HIV virus from transm
33、itting during intercourse. 9 Both mother-to-child transmission and partner-to-partner transmission can be prevented or protected effectively by drugs for _. 10 Dr. Peter Diot believes that it may be effective to use ARVs to _. 11 Widely using PrEPs may cause potential problems like ethical issues an
34、d _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pa
35、use. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） His research paper was really good and got high grade. （ B） His research paper was refused by the professor. （ C） His research paper won the professors favor. （ D） His research paper
36、 was organized with useless claims. （ A） He will search for an air-conditioner for his place. （ B） He will find a place to fix an air-conditioner. （ C） He will look for a place with air-conditioner to stay in. （ D） He will have a place for air-conditioner. （ A） The man will not need the tape recorde
37、r tonight. （ B） The man needs to use the tape recorder this evening. （ C） The woman can return the tape recorder tomorrow. （ D） The woman is sorry for losing the tape recorder. （ A） He suggests the woman not to finish the plan. （ B） He advices the woman to search more information. （ C） He tells the
38、woman to make another plan. （ D） He asks the woman to do the plan with the information they got. （ A） The mans article was written terribly. （ B） The mans article was completely off the point. （ C） The mans article was not accepted by the general public. （ D） The mans article was based on the genera
39、l public. （ A） He means that he didnt know the thesis proposal. （ B） He means that he hasnt have time to read the proposal. （ C） He means that he will not help her read the proposal. （ D） He means that shed have given it to him earlier. （ A） The man also wants to get a ticket for the state ballet. （
40、 B） The man is selling the ticket for the state ballet. （ C） The mans sister will go to see the state ballet. （ D） The mans sister will give the ticket to the woman. （ A） Go home and have a good rest. （ B） Call all the people on the list today. （ C） Go through ail the numbers on their list. （ D） Ask
41、 people on the list to contribute. （ A） How to study Italian Grammar. （ B） How to enlarge her Italian vocabulary. （ C） How to improve her speaking and listening in Italian. （ D） How to improve her reading skills in Italian. （ A） Learning to drive. （ B） Driving a car. （ C） Watching TV. （ D） Playing a
42、 cassette recorder. （ A） To practice more in using the language. （ B） To go to live in the country where the language is spoken. （ C） To watch more TV programs. （ D） To turn to more classmates for tips on language learning. （ A） Protecting buyers of paintings. （ B） Why copies of famous paintings are
43、 made. （ C） How paintings are sold in the United States. （ D） Protecting artists from illegal use of their work. （ A） The United States Copyright Office created it. （ B） It does not protect artists techniques and procedures. （ C） It has not been changed since its creation. （ D） It is only applied to
44、 copies of the original work. （ A） After the artwork is reviewed by lawyers. （ B） After all documents are filed. （ C） When the artist first gets an idea. （ D） The moment the work of art is finished. （ A） The buyer has the right to reprint it. （ B） The buyer is allowed to change it. （ C） The artist c
45、ontinues to hold the copyright for it. （ D） The artist must report the sale to the authority. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
46、 question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The US should catch up to European environmental standards. （ B） American exporters must adapt to new regulations in Europe. （ C） The US should be more sensitive to environmental issues. （ D） The EU s new reg
47、ulations are a burden. （ A） Their packaging of exports have to conform to EU regulations. （ B） They have to cut out waste completely. （ C） They must have an experienced distributor. （ D） They will see expensive rise. （ A） It will allow fewer trees to be cut. （ B） It will require less labor costs. （
48、C） It saves some shipping costs. （ D） It will make them more competition. （ A） Factors that affect the ability to memorize. （ B） The influence of childhood memories oil adulthood. （ C） A proposal for future psychological research. （ D） Benefits of a busy lifestyle. （ A） The need to exercise the memo
49、ry. （ B） How the brain differs from other body tissues. （ C） The unconscious learning of a physical activity. （ D） How nerves control body movement. （ A） Repeat it aloud, （ B） Write it down. （ C） Make a mental picture of it （ D） Practice recalling it. （ A） A visit to a prison. （ B） The influence of his father. （ C） A talk with some miserable slaves. （ D） His experience in the war between France and Austria. （ A） He sent surgeons to serve in the army. （ B） Re provided soldiers with medical
