1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 251及答案与解析 Section C 0 Memory appears to be stored in several parts of the limbic (边缘的 ) system of the brain, and any condition that interferes with the function of this system can cause amnesia Aging is a frequent cause. As humans advance in age, the hearts action, as well as the
2、walls of blood vessels, change. It is thought that too little blood reaching brain cells, and sometimes the lack of certain nutrients, causes the death of small portions of the brain. Old memories and new ones are kept in different portions of the brain, and many older people can recall events that
3、took place years before while being unable to remember what they ate at their last meal. An inability to store or learn new information may also occur with advanced age. Several degenerative （退化的 ) diseases of old age can cause profound amnesia. Primarily in older men, transient (暂时的 )global amnesia
4、 causes severe loss of memory for minutes or hours. This is a progressive condition about which little can be done. Alcoholism is another leading cause of amnesia Many heavy drinkers cannot recall the events of the time when they were intoxicated. In alcoholism of long duration, the gradual deterior
5、ation of brain cells takes place, and memory can become permanently confused. Injuries to the head often result in amnesia for the time just before and just after an accident. As the injury heals, memory gradually returns. Tumors or other growth in the brain that affect the limbic system can also ca
6、use amnesia, when treatment of the growth is successful, the amnesia is cured. Classic amnesia may be described as the condition of an otherwise healthy person who “wakes up“ in a strange place unable to recall his name, where he came from, or where he is going. It is interesting to note that such a
7、 person, however, retains knowledge of language and social customs. This kind of amnesia is probably due to emotional stress and is called hysterical amnesia. It occurs when some event is seen as so shameful or when problems become so overwhelming that the person concerned is unable to face reality.
8、 Instead, complete amnesia develops. Hysterical amnesia is treated through psychotherapy and sometimes the administration of drugs such as sodium amobarbital, which causes a person to talk freely. Clues to the past may appear under the sedation, and the psychotherapist can use these to prod (促使 ) th
9、e memory of the patient. 1 According to the passage, the forming of amnesia is most closely related to _. （ A） old age （ B） use of drugs （ C） damage of brain （ D） lack of nutrients 2 Even doctors can do little about_. （ A） amnesia caused by brain cells lacking blood （ B） old peoples inability to sto
10、re or learn new information （ C） old peoples amnesia caused by degenerative diseases （ D） loss of memory for minutes or longer time 3 Memory may never return when _. （ A） one develops long-term alcoholism （ B） one gets injured to the head （ C） one has tumors in the brain （ D） one gets affected in th
11、e limbic system 4 It can be inferred from the passage that hysterical amnesia may _. （ A） develop into complete amnesia if not cured （ B） be derived from psychological problems （ C） result in the patients shameful emotion （ D） cause the loss of language ability 5 When a patient is under the administ
12、ration of drugs, _. （ A） he cooperates fully with the psychotherapist （ B） his memory will be recovered soon （ C） his emotional stress will be eliminated （ D） he talks about the past without reservations 5 Women who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory
13、decline at age 65 than whose who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age. Women over age 80 who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were about 70 percent less likely to have memory decline than those who drank one cup or less, the researchers said. Caffeinated tea had th
14、e same effect in the women, the study found, although more was needed to get the same caffeine boost. “Count roughly two cups of tea for a cup of coffee,“ said study leader Karen Ritchie of INSERM, the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research. But the researchers didnt find a simila
15、rly protective effect in men, although other studies have found a benefit to males. How might caffeine help ward off cognitive decline? “It is a cognitive stimulant,“ said Ritchie. It also helps to reduce levels of the protein called beta amyloid in the brain, she said, “whose accumulation is respon
16、sible for Alzheimers disease but which also occurs in normal aging.“ Ritchie said she wasnt sure why men in the study didnt benefit from caffeine. “Our hypothesis is that either women metabolize caffeine differently than men, or there may be an interaction of the caffeine with the sex hormones, the
17、estrogen-progesterone balance,“ she said. The French study confirms previous research, said William Scott, professor of medicine at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, who has researched caffeines beneficial effects against Parkinsons disease, also a neurodegenerative disorder. As for
18、 caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 study participants were men, and the results might have differed if more men were included. A study published in February in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition looked at 676 healthy men and found that regular coffee dr
19、inkers had a lower rate of cognitive decline over a 10-year follow up than those who didnt drink coffee. Those who drank three cups daily had the least signs of decline. Both Scott and Ritchie agreed that more study is needed. Ritchies research will next look at the relationship between caffeine and
20、 Alzheimers. 6 As it is indicated in the first paragraph, how does coffee influence womens memory? （ A） The older the woman was, the more remarkable her memory was. （ B） The more coffee the woman drank, the more slowly her memory declined. （ C） The older the woman was, the more slowly her memory dec
21、lined. （ D） The more coffee the woman drank, the more remarkable her memory was. 7 What is true about caffeinated tea? （ A） It affected womens memory in the same manner as coffee. （ B） It influenced womens memory as effectively as coffee. （ C） It boosted womens memory in the same rate as coffee. （ D
22、） It contained the same amount of caffeine as coffee. 8 According to Ritchie, Alzheimers disease is resulted from _. （ A） the lack of caffeine in the brain （ B） the accumulation of beta amyloid （ C） high level of proteins in the brain （ D） abnormal metabolism in normal aging 9 William Scott would mo
23、st probably agree that caffeine helped _. （ A） reduce the risk of Alzheimers disease （ B） retard the process of cognitive decline （ C） balance the production of female hormones （ D） protect both men and women from diseases 10 What was the authors attitude towards the research of caffeines beneficial
24、 effect on men? （ A） Doubtful. （ B） Convinced. （ C） Matter-of-fact. （ D） Cautious. 10 Google must be the most ambitious company in the world. Its stated goal, “to organize the world s information and make it universally accessible and useful,“ deliberately omits the word “web“ to indicate that the c
25、ompany is reaching for absolutely all information everywhere and in every form. From books to health records and videos, from your friendships to your click patterns and physical location, Google wants to know. To some people this sounds uplifting, with promises of free access to knowledge and help
26、in managing our daily lives. To others, it is somewhat like another Big Brother, no less frightening than its totalitarian (极权主义的 ) ancestors for being in the private information. Randall Stross, a journalist at the New York Times, does a good job of analyzing this unbounded ambition in his book “Pl
27、anet Google“. One chapter is about the huge data centers that Google is building with a view to storing all that information, another about the sets of rules at the heart of its web search and advertising technology, another about its approach to information bound in books, its vision for geographic
28、al information and so forth. He is at his best when explaining how Googles mission casually but fatally smashes into long-existing institutions such as, say, copyright law or privacy norms. And yet, its puzzling that he mostly omits the most fascinating component of Google, its people. Google is wha
29、t it is because of its two founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, who see themselves as kindly elites and embody the limitless optimism about science, technology and human nature that is native to Silicon Valley. The world is perfectible, and they are the ones who will do much of the perfecting, prov
30、ided you let them. Brin and Page set out to create a company and an entire culture in their image. From the start, they professed that they would innovate as much in managing rewarding, feeding, motivating, entertaining and even transporting (via Wi-Fi-enabled free shuttle buses) their employees as
31、they do in internet technology. If Google is in danger of becoming a caricature (讽刺画 ), this is first apparent here in the over-engineered day-care centers, the Shiatsu massages and kombucha teas (康普茶 ). In reality Googlers are as prone to power struggle and office politics as anyone else. None of t
32、hat makes it into Mr Stross account, which at times reads like a diligent summary of news articles. At those moments, “Planet Google“ takes a risk similar to trying to board a speeding train: the Google story changes so fast that no book can stay up to date for long. Even so, a sober description of
33、this moment in Googles quest is welcome. Especially since Google fully expects, as its chief executive, Eric Schmidt, says at the end of the book, to take 300 years completing it. 11 By describing Google as a “Big Brother“, people think that Google _. （ A） is a pioneer in IT industry （ B） is an inva
34、der of privacy （ C） breaks its promise of free access （ D） overestimates its own influence 12 According to Randall Stross, Googles influence on copyright law or privacy norms is _. （ A） inevitable （ B） undeniable （ C） long-lasting （ D） unintentional 13 What does the author think of Sergey Brin and L
35、arry Page? （ A） They are the most crucial component of Google. （ B） They are deliberately omitted in the book “Planet Google“. （ C） They bring Silicon Valley the most advanced science and technology. （ D） They are the persons who never stop pursuing a better world. 14 What do we know about the Googl
36、e employees in reality? （ A） They intrigue against each other in the office. （ B） They are all hard-working and talented. （ C） They appreciate the managing techniques. （ D） They feel encouraged by the companys benefits. 15 What does the author imply by saying “Planet Google takes a risk similar to t
37、rying to board a speeding train“? （ A） Planet Google will be in danger if it stays up to date for long. （ B） Planet Google have to take 300 years to catch the speeding train. （ C） The board of Google welcomes Randall Stross to cover Google story. （ D） A written book can only cover a little part of t
38、he on-going technology. 15 In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of lifes problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for
39、expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today. In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War n. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relation
40、ships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously
41、 through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to hi
42、s or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible bef
43、ore. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with
44、multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and, or jobs to travel to a dis
45、tant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate,
46、reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power“ may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people. 16 Many of lif
47、es problems people encounter today are the result of the fact that_. （ A） they move far away from each other （ B） they have difficulty securing the needed information （ C） they lack the confidence of obtaining reliable information （ D） they dont know how to communicate with others now 17 The author
48、intends to tell us that we used to _. （ A） solve our problems by turning to far-away experts （ B） communicate with each other unconsciously （ C） believe that reliable information would be available when needed （ D） find the information we needed within a short time 18 What happens when we are availa
49、ble with more information than ever before? （ A） It is more convenient for us to learn about things consciously. （ B） It causes the modem technology to develop faster than ever. （ C） We dont have to turn to experts for advice for solving our problems. （ D） It still takes us much time to locate the accurate information we need. 19 It is implied in the fifth paragraph that _. （ A） events will be reported right when and where it happens solely through satellites （ B） people will spend less tim
