1、复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷 11及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The sound of the doorbell startled her and she _ knocked the ashtray on to the floor. （ A） detrimentally （ B） spontaneously （ C） inadvertently （ D） strenuously 2 It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. （ A） consistent
2、（ B） considerate （ C） certain （ D） decisive 3 After spending some time on the island they became _ to the hardships. （ A） scathed （ B） sniggered （ C） inured （ D） outreached 4 Economic theory would predict that a fall in the price of a commodity would lead to an increase in _. （ A） assumption （ B） re
3、sumption （ C） consumption （ D） presumption 5 It was a real _ when Susan came back from her vacation and told us she had married a local waiter. （ A） comfort （ B） shock （ C） attack （ D） impact 6 The police _ to emergencies in just a few minutes when the accident happened. （ A） responded （ B） replied
4、（ C） adjusted （ D） appealed 7 Recently the car factory had to carry out personnel_because of financial trouble. （ A） cuts （ B） demands （ C） reductions （ D） orders 8 Because it is tuned a fifth lower, the viola produces a sound that is more resonant than that of the violin. （ A） more vibrant （ B） mor
5、e harmonious （ C） softer （ D） sadder. 9 The manager spoke highly of such_ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees. （ A） virtues （ B） features （ C） properties （ D） characteristics 10 During his two-month stay in China, Tom never _ a chance to practice his Chinese. （ A） passed on （
6、 B） passed up （ C） passed by （ D） passed out 11 The meeting was _ over by the mayor to discuss the toll of crossing the bridges in Wuhan. （ A） propelled （ B） presumed （ C） presided （ D） pricked 12 But if the white men do not _ with the law, they will lose the above mentioned goods. （ A） comply （ B）
7、consent （ C） conflict （ D） consult 13 The Social Security Act did not include health insurance because the commission considered that its inclusion would jeopardize the passage of the act. （ A） evade （ B） endanger （ C） exclude （ D） enhance 14 A big problem in learning English as a foreign language i
8、s a lack of opportunities for _ interaction with proficient speakers of English. （ A） instantaneous （ B） provocative （ C） verbal （ D） dual 15 A number of animals in Aesops fables are portrayed as being crafty. （ A） vain （ B） virtuous （ C） artistic （ D） cunning 16 The United States Food and Drug Admi
9、nistration has shown itself to be particularly wary with regard to alleged “miracle“ drugs in recent times. （ A） bellicose （ B） exhausted （ C） cautious （ D） strange 17 The appearance of the used car is _, its much newer than it really is. （ A） descriptive （ B） indicative （ C） deceptive （ D） impressi
10、ve 18 49 The end of winter is the most dangerous time for the animals in Yellowstone Park as food becomes even _. （ A） coarser （ B） scarcer （ C） rarer （ D） harder 19 A Monitor/TIPP poll last month found that young people and seniors held similar views when asked to _ the importance of US military ac
11、tion to remove Saddam Hussein from power in the next months. （ A） advocate （ B） foresee （ C） supervise （ D） gauge 20 The letter page of this newspaper is a _ for public argument. （ A） symposium （ B） commentary （ C） forum （ D） appraisal 21 Please do not be _ by his manners since he is merely trying t
12、o attract attention. （ A） disregarded （ B） distorted （ C） irritated （ D） intervened 22 The changing image of the family on television provides _ into changing attitudes toward the family in society. （ A） insights （ B） presentations （ C） revelations （ D） specifications 23 In that country, hospital do
13、ctors dont go sightseeing very often because their work _ almost all their time. （ A） takes up （ B） takes off （ C） takes apart （ D） takes over 24 After the surface is polished, a design is _ or painted. （ A） incised （ B） evicted （ C） gurgled （ D） rustled 25 Although her mind was in a _, she tried to
14、 stay calm for the sake of her children. （ A） solace （ B） yew （ C） capillary （ D） turmoil 26 During his two-month stay in China, Tom never _ a chance to practice his Chinese. （ A） passed on （ B） passed up （ C） passed by （ D） passed out 27 This is not the right_to ask for my help;I am far too busy ev
15、en to listen! （ A） moment （ B） situation （ C） opportunity （ D） circumstance 28 Against the wishes of many smaller countries, Europe is_ a stable, if undesirable, situation lacking any coherent policy of transnational coordination in basic and strategic research-despite the European Commission. （ A）
16、tightened with （ B） put fast into （ C） stuck fast in （ D） fastened with 29 Drink coffee when youre sleepy; its a good _ and will help to keep you awake. （ A） incentive （ B） prompt （ C） stimulus （ D） appetite 30 It is ironic that the _ insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have
17、 become mere （ A） original.cliches （ B） banal.beliefs （ C） dubious.habits （ D） philosophical.questions 二、 Cloze 30 There are people who are especially attracted【 51】 the notion of “climbing the ladder“ so as to【 52】 their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth.【 53】 part, as a result of
18、 the work ethic, these people are internally “driven“ to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate【 54】 of time working and,【 55】 a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word has been【
19、56】 to【 57】 people who work compulsively. The word “workaholic“ describes an individual who is【 58】addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and
20、【 59】 .Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society【 60】 they are extremely productive. The American culture【 61】 achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic upholds these values. 【 62】 the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that exc
21、essive work demands can be physically and mentally【 63】 . Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a【 64】 in values, with more emphasis being given to
22、personal relationships and non-work activities. Leisure time provides opportunities to find personal satisfaction and freedom【 65】 the routine of work. Increased leisure time in the United States has not altered the idea that work and play are distinct activities. This【 66】 is clear-cut; there are “
23、work-hours“ and “after-work-hours.“ There is a belief that it is desirable “to work hard and play hard“ and【 67】 to combine the two. In many offices, stores, and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls an
24、d visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job【 68】 on the nature of the work. There may be more social interaction between teachers in a school than between scientists doing independent research. Nevertheless, work and【 69】 are usually perceived and maintained【 70】 separate activities
25、. 50 One way of improving ones writing is to get into the habit of keeping a record of your observations, of storing【 71】 in a notebook or journal. You should make note on your experiences and on your【 72】 of everyday life so that they are preserved. It is sad【 73】 to be able to retrieve a lost idea
26、 that seemed brilliant when it flashed across your【 74】 , or a forgotten fact that you need to make a point in an argument or to illustrate a conclusion. The journal habit has still【 75】 value. Just【 76】 you need to record observations-the material for writing you need to practice putting thoughts o
27、n paper. Learning to write is more like learning to ski【 77】 it is like studying calculus or anthropology. Practice helps you discover ways to improve. Writing down ideas for your own use forces you to examine them. Putting thoughts on paper for someone else to read【 78】 you to evaluate not【 79】 the
28、 content what you say but also the expression【 80】 you say it. Many raters have benefited from this habit. 60 It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to【 21】 why they have been chosen
29、 to attend and to consider how they can best【 22】 the privilege of attending. At the least you as students can hope to become【 23】 in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is,【 24】 , much more to be gained. It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently【 25
30、】 learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life.【 26】 this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discipline. Certainly it is not【 27】 without hard work. Teachers can guide and encourage you, but learning is not done passively. To learn is your【 28】 . There is【 29】 the
31、 trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them. But there is【 30】 level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the【 31】 of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that
32、 you can penetrate to【 32】 no one has been before, you experience an exhilaration which cant be denied and which commits you to a life of research. Commitment to a life of scholarship or research is【 33】 many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even【 34】 ot
33、her facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly【 35】 it. （ A） count （ B） reflect （ C） depend （ D） comment （ A） benefit from （ B） take over （ C） apply for （ D） go through （ A） efficient （ B） excellent （ C） professional （ D） proficient （ A） however （ B） therefore （ C） indeed （ D） after all （ A） if
34、（ B） because （ C） so that （ D） before （ A） Of late （ B） Consequently （ C） Afterwards （ D） At first （ A） acquired （ B） accomplished （ C） approached （ D） assured （ A） ambition （ B） conscience （ C） responsibility （ D） challenge （ A） to （ B） on （ C） in （ D） by （ A） any （ B） one （ C） another （ D） no （ A）
35、 ends （ B） limits （ C） borders （ D） edges （ A） elsewhere （ B） what （ C） whichever （ D） where （ A） compatible with （ B） responsible for （ C） followed by （ D） relevant to （ A） shall （ B） will （ C） would （ D） should （ A） declare （ B） recommend （ C） advise （ D） contend 76 【 C14】 （ A） shall （ B） will （ C
36、） would （ D） should 76 One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is,of course,that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech. Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chimps to talk have met with 1 no success. Verbal language represents a truly giganti
37、c stop forward in mans 2 . Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls,and these certainly serve to convey some types of information. When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks; other chimps 3 the vicinity instantly becomes aware of the food source and hurry to join in. In attacked chimpanzee s
38、creams and this may alert his mother or a friend,either of 4 may hurry to his aid. A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again,other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening. A male chimpanzee,about to enter a valle
39、y or charge toward a food source,utters his pant-hoots and other individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify 5 one. To our human 6 each chimpanzee is characterized more toy his pant-hoots than by any other type of call. This is significant since the pant-hoot in
40、 particular is trie call that serves to maintain contact between the separated groups of the community. Yet the chimps 7 can certainly recognize individuals by other calls;for instance,a mother knows the scream of her offspring. Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintan
41、ces. While chimpanzee calls 8 serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals, they cannot for the most part be compared 9 a spoken language. Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas,he can benefit from the experiences of others 10 having to be present at the time
42、,he can make intelligent cooperative plans. 86 There is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interior decoration【 C1】 _we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequent baths【 C2】 _they were afraid to see their own naked bodies, and this moral concept
43、delayed the【 C3】 _of the modern white-enameled bathtub for centuries. One can understand【 C4】 _in the design of old Chinese furniture there was so little consideration for human【 C5】 _only when we realize the Confucian atmosphere in which people moved about. Chinese redwood furniture was designed fo
44、r people to sit【 C6】 _in, because that was the only posture approved by society. Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a(n)【 C7】 _on which I would not think of【 C8】 _for more than five minutes, and for that matter the English kings were just as badly off. Cleopatra went about【 C9】 _on a couch carried
45、by servants, because【 C10】 _she had never heard of Confucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that, he would certainly have struck her shins with a stick, as he did【 C11】_one of his old disciples, Yuan Jiang, when the latter was found sitting in an【 C12】 _posture. In the Confucian society in
46、 which we lived, gentlemen and ladies had to【 C13】 _themselves perfectly erect, at least on formal【 C14】_, and any sign of putting ones leg up would be at once considered a sign of vulgarity and lack of【 C15】 _. 87 【 C1】 （ A） for （ B） than （ C） as （ D） that 88 【 C2】 （ A） if （ B） when （ C） because （
47、D） though 89 【 C3】 （ A） rise （ B） existence （ C） occurrence （ D） increase 90 【 C4】 （ A） what （ B） where （ C） how （ D） why 91 【 C5】 （ A） care （ B） choice （ C） concern （ D） comfort 92 【 C6】 （ A） upright （ B） tight （ C） fast （ D） stiff 93 【 C7】 （ A） armchair （ B） throne （ C） altar （ D） couch 94 【 C8】 （
48、 A） moving （ B） keeping （ C） remaining （ D） lasting 95 【 C9】 （ A） traveling （ B） staying （ C） wandering （ D） reclining 96 【 C10】 （ A） fortunately （ B） frankly （ C） accordingly （ D） apparently 97 【 C11】 （ A） in （ B） on （ C） to （ D） at 98 【 C12】 （ A） irresponsible （ B） incorrect （ C） immoral （ D） impe
49、rfect 99 【 C13】 （ A） hold （ B） sit （ C） behave （ D） conduct 100 【 C14】 （ A） conditions （ B） situations （ C） occasions （ D） instances 101 【 C15】 （ A） culture （ B） confidence （ C） morality （ D） modesty 三、 Reading Comprehension 101 So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must f
