1、在职申硕同等学力英语（阅读）模拟试卷 59及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acr
2、oss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who arent Jewish. Nearly 480,000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the Un
3、iversity of California at Los Angeles is any indication, its almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish“ when they get older. That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents religious identities. Ninety-thre
4、e percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasnt Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasnt Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too. “I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewis
5、h identification was in these mixed marriage families. “ Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasnt actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about re
6、ligion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says its obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says its not clear at this point why thats the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their
7、feelings about their religion. Thats something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didnt have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the ne
8、w studys going to cover some of that,“ she says. Jay Rubin is executive director of Hillel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, its an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes t
9、owards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the
10、next generation of American Jews. 1 The best title of this passage is_. （ A） Jewish and Non-Jewish in America （ B） Jewish Identity in America （ C） Judaism a Religion? （ D） College Jewish Students 2 Among the freshmen at UCLA_thought themselves as Jewish. （ A） most （ B） 93% of those whose parents wer
11、e both Jewish （ C） 62% of those only whose father were Jewish （ D） 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish 3 The phrase “interfaith marriage“ in Paragraph 3 refers to the_. （ A） marriage of people based on mutual belief （ B） marriage of people for the common faith （ C） marriage of people of diffe
12、rent religious faiths （ D） marriage of people who have faith in each other 4 Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Saxs research? （ A） The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish. （ B） The survey was carried out am
13、ong Jewish Freshmen. （ C） The research survey didnt find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion. （ D） The research presents a new perspective for the future study. 5 Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph? （ A） Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel. （
14、B） Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and its an experience. （ C） Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world. （ D） Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. 6 According to the last paragraph, what kind
15、 of study has Hillel commissioned? （ A） A study of non-Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. （ B） A study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. （ C） A study of non-Jewish attitudes towards other religions. （ D） A study of Jewish attitudes towards other religions. 6 Governments that want their people to p
16、rosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998. Some have argued
17、 that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individu
18、al rights,“ he says. Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often
19、 called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes. “No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,“ he argues. “There is no private pr
20、operty without government individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well. “ Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter
21、how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks, if we could not rely on the bank having to
22、 honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers,“ Olson writes. Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governm
23、ents setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack
24、 of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives(刺激，动力 )to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,“ Olson concludes. 7 Which of the
25、following is true about Olson? （ A） He was a fiction writer. （ B） He edited the book Power and Prosperity. （ C） He taught economics at the University of Maryland. （ D） He was against the ownership of private property. 8 Which of the following represents Olsons point or view? （ A） Protecting individu
26、al property rights encourages wealth building. （ B） Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights. （ C） Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society. （ D） In some countries, people dont have secure individual rights because theyre poor. 9 What does Olso
27、n think about mass production? （ A） Its capital intensive. （ B） Its property intensive. （ C） It relies on individual labor. （ D） It relies on individual skills. 10 What is the basis for the banking system? （ A） Contract system that can be enforced. （ B） Peoples willingness to deposit money in banks.
28、 （ C） The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers. （ D） The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans. 11 According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries? （ A） Government intervention. （ B） Lack of secure individual ri
29、ghts. （ C） Being short of capital. （ D） Lack of a free market. 12 Which of the following can be regarded as the best title for this article? （ A） Two Basic Rights. （ B） Government Is Not Enough to Encourage Economy. （ C） Individual Rights Are Crucial. （ D） Comments by Mancur Olson. 12 A. More than w
30、ill power. B. Support network. C. Changing your environment. D. Start slow. E. First things first. We all know that breaking a bad habit or establishing a new, healthy one can be difficult, but persistence pays off. Researchers at the University of Washington found that 63 percent of those who made
31、New Years resolutions were still keeping their resolution two months later. Its not going to be easy, but there are ways to increase your will power, stay resolved and achieve your goals. 【 R1】 _ Dont try to restructure your finances, win a promotion and lose weight all on the same morning. Establis
32、h one clear, specific goal and formulate a realistic strategy for achieving it. Extra will power sometimes requires extra energy, so dont stretch yourself too thin. Focus on one goal at a time. 【 R2】 _ Momentum builds gradually, and whatever your goal, dont expect to achieve it overnight. Real succe
33、ss takes time. If you are trying to kick a caffeine habit, start by replacing your morning cup of coffee with a glass of water, instead of vowing never to drink coffee a-gain. Congratulate yourself on the small achievements that will pave the way toward a larger one. These successes help your will p
34、ower grow. 【 R3】 _ Bolster your will power by tapping into a support network. Ask friends, family or colleagues for assistance and tell them exactly how they can help. If your credit card bills have skyrocketed, for instance, let friends know that you are cutting back on expenses. Suggest having a p
35、otluck dinner instead of meeting at an expensive restaurant. Find a support group or organization related to your goal and attend their meetings. You can get valuable advice, understanding and information all of which increase commitment and will power. 【 R4】 _ If possible, alter your environment to
36、 reduce temptation or encourage positive behavior. Want to get in shape? Keep an extra set of workout clothes in your office as a reminder to stop by the gym on the way home. Quitting smoking? Avoid bars or restaurants where you might be tempted to light up. 【 R5】 _ Sometimes changing your behavior
37、requires more than will power. If you are struggling with an addiction or want to make a significant lifestyle change, seek the guidance and support of a professional. An expert may be able to provide intensive support and follow-up or prescribe medication to reduce physical symptoms. For example, w
38、ithout help only 5 percent of smokers can quit but that number rises to 30 percent when people seek both drug therapy and counseling. Sometimes will power is a lot like the television remote control hard to find just when you want it most. Whether youre trying to lose weight, stop smoking, go to the
39、 gym regularly, win a promotion or pay off some debts, developing your sense of will power is an important part of changing any behavior. 13 【 R1】 14 【 R2】 15 【 R3】 16 【 R4】 17 【 R5】 17 The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resourc
40、es has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy cri
41、sis. Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our child
42、ren, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is
43、 a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly. This is t
44、he first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to
45、devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity. To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting us and the world is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by product of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no
46、 environmentalists mere fears, no by product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a
47、sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation. 18 Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities? （ A） Lack of financial planning. （ B） The breakup of the family. （ C） Natural disasters in many regions. （ D） The excessive gro
48、wth of motors. 19 The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is_. （ A） a continuation of our present serious state （ B） worldwide resources exploitation and energy use （ C） a movement forward to a new norm to planet research work （ D） a state where long range pla
49、nning is essential to us 20 According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality? （ A） Disregard for law. （ B） Lack of devotion. （ C） Lack of cooperation. （ D） Exploitation of resources. 21 By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention to the_. （ A） significance of this crisis （ B） inadequacy of governments （ C） similarity of the past to the present （ D） hopelessness of the situation 22 According to the last paragraph, what contribution does the author feel pe
