1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 257及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What major did Ms. Kophal got when she graduated from the University of Rostock last year? （ A） Medical science （ B） Political science （ C） Biology （ D） Production management 12 What is the national average percent of unemployment? （ A） 9 percent （ B） 12 percent （ C） 16 percent
5、 （ D） 18 percent 13 What are the two classic jobs that people will take in Rostock, besides working at McDonalds? （ A） Becoming a physicist （ B） Becoming a school teacher （ C） Becoming a taxi driver （ D） Becoming a magazine production manager 14 What is the origin of Kwanzaa related to? （ A） Religio
6、n. （ B） Family life. （ C） Agriculture. （ D） Community. 15 Which of the following colors is used for decoration in Kwanzaa? （ A） Yellow. （ B） Green. （ C） White. （ D） Blue. 16 What do the seven candies stand for? （ A） Principles. （ B） Cultures. （ C） Tribes. （ D） Colors. 17 Procrastinators have many pr
7、oblems, except that_. （ A） they get more cold and flu symptoms （ B） they sleep more （ C） they smoke and drink more （ D） they have more digestive problems 18 Which of the following sentences about Timothy A. Pychyl is NOT true? （ A） He is one of the Procrastination Research Group. （ B） He is a psycho
8、logist. （ C） He is a teacher in Carleton University in Ottawa. （ D） He is the co-author of the study. 19 What is the root of the problem? （ A） Something has to do with genes. （ B） Sleeping far less than they need. （ C） Drinking more than they have intended. （ D） An inability to regulate behavior and
9、 control impulses. 20 Here are some favorite excuses for academic tardiness, except_. （ A） computer failure （ B） leaving a paper at home （ C） losing a hand-held organizer （ D） the death of a grandmother 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best wo
10、rd for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 21 by educated people an
11、d used in news broadcasts and other 22 situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has 23 in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 24; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. 25 , the standard variety of English is bas
12、ed on the London 26 of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 27 by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 28 a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 29 t
13、hat was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, 30 English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 31 the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 32 among local standards is really quite minor, 33 the Singapore, South Africa, and I
14、rish varieties are really very 34 different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 35 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 36 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 37 much of their vigor and there
15、is considerable pressure on them to be 38 . This latter situation is not unique 39 English; it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 40 . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even s
16、upranational (跨国的 ) ones. （ A） said （ B） told （ C） talked （ D） spoken （ A） same （ B） similar （ C） equal （ D） identical （ A） anything （ B） something （ C） nothing （ D） everything （ A） language （ B） vocabulary （ C） idioms （ D） words （ A） Surprisingly （ B） Historically （ C） Interestingly （ D） Generally
17、（ A） accent （ B） pronunciation （ C） spelling （ D） dialect （ A） preferred （ B） learned （ C） praised （ D） created （ A） to （ B） in （ C） as （ D） for （ A） basis （ B） norm （ C） rule （ D） variety （ A） formal （ B） colloquial （ C） non-standard （ D） standard （ A） not （ B） very （ C） much （ D） hardly （ A） varia
18、tion （ B） standardization （ C） unification （ D） transformation （ A） therefore （ B） but （ C） so that （ D） nevertheless （ A） great （ B） much （ C） no （ D） little （ A） talked （ B） concerned （ C） mentioned （ D） involved （ A） press （ B） pressure （ C） power （ D） force （ A） lost （ B） gained （ C） missed （ D）
19、 got （ A） abandoned （ B） changed （ C） standardized （ D） reformed （ A） in （ B） of （ C） for （ D） to （ A） in the way （ B） under way （ C） out of the way （ D） all the way Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on
20、 ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The proportion of works cut for the cinema in Britain dropped from 40 percent when I joined the BBFC in 1975 to less than 4 percent when I left. But I dont think that 20 years from now it will be possible to regulate any medium as closely as I regulated film. The Internet is, of
21、course, the greatest problem for this century. The world will have to find a means, through some sort of international treaty of United Nations initiative, to control the material thats now going totally unregulated into peoples homes. That said, it will only take one little country like Paraguay to
22、 refuse to sign a treaty for transmission to be unstoppable. Parental control is never going to be sufficient. Im still very worried about the impact of violent video games, even though researchers say their impact is moderated by the fact that players dont so much experience the game as enjoy the t
23、echnical manoeuvres (策略 ) that enable you to win. But in respect of violence in mainstream films, Im more optimistic. Quite suddenly, tastes have changed, and its no longer Stallone or Schwarzenegger who are the top stars, but Leonardo DiCapriothat has taken everybody by surprise. Go through the mos
24、t successful films in Europe and America now and you will find virtually none that are violent. Quentin Tarantino didnt usher in a new, violent generation, and films are becoming much more prosocial than one would have expected. Cinemagoing will undoubtedly survive. The new multiplexes are a gloriou
25、s experience, offering perfect sound and picture and very comfortable seats, things which had died out in the 1980s. I cant believe weve achieved that only to throw it away in favor of huddling a-round a 14-inch computer monitor to watch digitally-delivered movies at home. It will become increasingl
26、y cheap to make films, with cameras becoming smaller and lighter but remaining very precise. That means greater chances for new talent to emerge, as it will be much easier for people to learn how to be better film-makers. Peoples working lives will be shorter in the future, and once retired they wil
27、l spend a lot of time learning to do things that amuse themlike making videos. Fifty years on we could well be media-saturated as producers as well as audience; instead of writing letters, one will send little home movies entitled My Week. 41 Which of the following about Internet is true according t
28、o the passage? （ A） The Internet is the greatest progress for this century. （ B） Efforts are needed to control Internet. （ C） Paraguay refused to sign a treaty for transmission. （ D） The United Nations has found ways to prevent Internet from developing. 42 What kind of film does the author dislike?
29、（ A） Violent films. （ B） Comedy. （ C） European films. （ D） Films acted by Leonardo. 43 What does “that“ in “I cant believe weve achieved that only to throw it away I favor. . . “(Para. 5) refer to? （ A） Digitally-delivered movies （ B） Multiplexes （ C） Advanced camera （ D） Sound 44 What is the author
30、s attitude toward the future of film? （ A） Positive （ B） Negative （ C） Uncertain （ D） Worried 45 What does “media-saturated“ in “Fifty years on we could well be media-saturated as . “ (Para. 6) mean? （ A） Be tired of media （ B） Be fully affected by media （ C） Be driven mad by media （ D） Be benefited
31、 by media 45 How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of itconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrosse
32、d in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “a
33、dversarial“ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal“especially
34、 a religious eventwas the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Jus
35、tice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance
36、, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramaticj much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it i
37、n their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, American la
38、wyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and d
39、efense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not eve
40、n allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately.
41、 American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. 46 “British t
42、rial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. “ It implies that_. （ A） the British legal system can do the basic job wellconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent （ B） the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system （ C） the British legal system is
43、 often considered to be not very fair （ D） the British legal system is very efficient 47 Which of the following sentences is NOT true? （ A） Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read. （ B） When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial
44、by jury was introduced in Britain. （ C） In the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. （ D） Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases. 48 In Britain, newspapers_. （ A） do the same as American newspapers do （ B） are not interested in publishing detai
45、ls about the trial before it takes place （ C） are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place （ D） are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place 49 We can infer that American lawyers_. （ A） do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases （ B） prepa
46、re the cases themselves （ C） tend to be more passionately involved in their cases （ D） tend to approach cases dispassionately 50 The passage_. （ A） questions whether the system of trial by jury can ever be completely efficient （ B） suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal syste
47、m of various countries （ C） describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems （ D） compares the legal systems of a number of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages 50 Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing
48、 accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communi
49、cation. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science; exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur“ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for
