1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 237及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What kind of person is called “mall rat“? （ A） One spends so much time at malls. （ B） One steals at malls. （ C） One sees dentists at malls. （ D） One eats a lot at malls. 12 Which of the following is NOT the reason why people like malls? （ A） They feel safe because malls have po
5、lice station of private security guards. （ B） They can be served free meals after doing shopping. （ C） They can do about everything at malls. （ D） The weather inside is always fine. 13 How many cars can be parked in the Mall of America? （ A） 350 （ B） 2750 （ C） 7500 （ D） 1965 14 What is the target gr
6、oup for this years “No Tobacco Day“? （ A） Children under 16 （ B） Men between 20 and 33 years old （ C） Women （ D） Old people with serious diseases 15 What is the recent important development observed in developing countries? （ A） The number of smokers has been falling about 2 percent a year. （ B） The
7、 number of smokers has been rising 20 percent a year. （ C） The number of smokers has been rising 2 percent a year. （ D） The number of smokers has been falling 20 percent a year. 16 What is the good of the World Health Organization? （ A） To set a “smoke-free“ world （ B） To teach the people in develop
8、ing countries a lesson （ C） To forbid farmers to grow tobacco （ D） To forbid smokers to buy tobacco products 17 What is Canon Digital PowerShot s230 cameras size? （ A） Similar to a credit card （ B） Similar to a necklace （ C） Similar to a cigarette box （ D） Similar to a dressing case 18 What are the
9、target consumers of Digital PowerShot s230 camera? （ A） Young white-collar men （ B） Middle-aged white-collar men （ C） Young white-collar women （ D） Middle-aged white-collar women 19 There is an ad that shows a photo of a fashionable blonde sheathed in a clingy black dress, an ATM-card-size camera su
10、spended like a necklace. Which Company takes this ad? （ A） Canon （ B） Sony （ C） Nokia （ D） Casio 20 According to the report, which of the following sentences is NOT true? （ A） Now manufacturers are seeking a combination of high-tech features and “cool“ design （ B） Those young white-collar women have
11、 not been the primary buyers of digital cameras （ C） Digital technology is still a novelty nowadays. （ D） The Canon Digital PowerShot s230 camera is introduced in September, 2002. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered bl
12、ank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 In the past decade, new scientific developments in communications have changed the way many people gather information about politics. The most important of these new【 C1】 _is the Internet. Recent research suggests the use of the Internet for political
13、information increases the 【 C2】 _of participation. While a(n) 【 C3】 _relationship between Internet news and political participation has been found, a theoretical link as to why the Internet is【 C4】 _from other media forms is largely【 C5】 _This research is an attempt to【 C6】 _the “black-box“ linking
14、the Internet and political participation by building on two theoretical【 C7】 _The first, surge and decline theory, comes out of political science and the second, media systems dependency theory, 【 C8】 _from communications. Both explanations focus on individual costs and benefits of political partici
15、pation. The media can【 C9】 _the “costs“ by providing sufficient information to make 【 C10】_decisions about voting. Previous research【 C11】 _that the Internet benefits the public through the cost side of the equation. One of the medias greatest【 C12】_is information and the public【 C13】 _on media to p
16、rovide them with the information they need. 【 C14】 _the Internet is capable of providing information【 C15】 _, and from a multitude of sources, one would expect it to【 C16】 _. political action through lowering the cost of information. Besides lowering participation costs, the media can【 C17】 _increas
17、e the benefits of participation. Intense media【 C18】 _of an event such as an election can【 C19】 _excitement that increases the perceived “benefit“ of participating. The Internet may encourage a unique participation benefit【 C20】 _increased mobilization efforts. 21 【 C1】 （ A） technologies （ B） materi
18、als （ C） concepts （ D） devices 22 【 C2】 （ A） practicability （ B） feasibility （ C） probability （ D） stability 23 【 C3】 （ A） critical （ B） analytical （ C） empirical （ D） technical 24 【 C4】 （ A） specific （ B） unique （ C） particular （ D） peculiar 25 【 C5】 （ A） built （ B） losing （ C） missing （ D） connect
19、ed 26 【 C6】 （ A） unpack （ B） unroll （ C） untie （ D） unfold 27 【 C7】 （ A） experiments （ B） comments （ C） approaches （ D） investigations 28 【 C8】 （ A） orientates （ B） initiates （ C） correlates （ D） originates 29 【 C9】 （ A） alter （ B） decrease （ C） induce （ D） cover 30 【 C10】 （ A） informed （ B） accepte
20、d （ C） understood （ D） diversified 31 【 C11】 （ A） declares （ B） denies （ C） promises （ D） argues 32 【 C12】 （ A） databanks （ B） resources （ C） sources （ D） costs 33 【 C13】 （ A） base （ B） act （ C） rely （ D） live 34 【 C14】 （ A） Because （ B） While （ C） If （ D） Although 35 【 C15】 （ A） casually （ B） objec
21、tively （ C） readily （ D） skillfully 36 【 C16】 （ A） advertise （ B） popularize （ C） manage （ D） encourage 37 【 C17】 （ A） also （ B） yet （ C） only （ D） just 38 【 C18】 （ A） interference （ B） statement （ C） coverage （ D） image 39 【 C19】 （ A） generate （ B） promote （ C） install （ D） expose 40 【 C20】 （ A） fo
22、r （ B） via （ C） at （ D） from Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might af
23、fect the brain, the leader of the research team said. But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec (魁北克 ), said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body. The stu
24、dy at Finlands Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said. “We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive appr
25、oaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,“ Leszczynski said. Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radi
26、ation can weaken the brains protective shield against harmful substances. The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the
27、bloodstream, Leszczynski said. The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable(能透过的 ), he said. “Increased protein activi
28、ty might cause cells to shrink not the blood vessels but the cells themselves and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass. “ he said. Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that
29、 headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result. “These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,“ he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimers disease. “Where the truth is I do not know,“ he said. Leszczynski said that he, hi
30、s wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use. 41 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect ones health? （ A） Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can m
31、ake the protective shield more permeable. （ B） Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly. （ C） Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it. （ D） Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed. 42 Whats the result of th
32、e French study? （ A） The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening. （ B） Mobile phone may affect ones normal way of thinking. （ C） Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation. （ D） A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation. 43 What kind of disease is not caused
33、 by the use of mobile phone? （ A） Fatigue. （ B） Headache. （ C） Alzheimers disease. （ D） Tuberculosis. 44 According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone? （ A） People will be forbidden to use mobile phone. （ B） People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation. （
34、 C） People will continue to use mobile phone. （ D） There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone. 45 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect ones brain. （ B） Mobile phone radiation can cause i
35、ncreased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells. （ C） Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink. （ D） Lszczynski forbade his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research. 45 Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scie
36、ntific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was t
37、he growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur“ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scient
38、ific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those area
39、s of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of re
40、search, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals onl
41、y if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the wide
42、spread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur reader
43、ship. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way. Although the process of profes
44、sionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the struc
45、ture of science. 46 The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as_. （ A） society and chemistry （ B） physics and psychology （ C） sociology and psychology （ D） physics and chemistry 47 We can infer from the passage that_. （ A） there is little distincti
46、on between specialisation and professionalisation （ B） amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science （ C） professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community （ D） amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones 48 The author writes of the development o
47、f geology to demonstrate_. （ A） the process of specialisation and professionalisation （ B） the hardship of amateurs in scientific study （ C） the change of policies in scientific publications （ D） the discrimination of professionals against amateurs 49 The direct reason for specialisation is_. （ A） t
48、he development in communication （ B） the growth of professionalisation （ C） the expansion of scientific knowledge （ D） the splitting of academic societies 49 A multinational corporation is a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches tha
49、t it owns or controls around the world. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. The less developed countries often welcome the multinationals because they are a source of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and ec
