1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 226及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the meaning of “Skating on thin ice“? （ A） One may be doing something quite difficult. （ B） One may be doing something quite risky. （ C） One may be doing something quite annoying. （ D） One may be doing something impossible. 12 When somebody told you that you will “cut n
5、o ice“ with him, what did he mean? （ A） You will not persuade him. （ B） You are getting nowhere with him. （ C） You cannot sell your ice to him. （ D） You should not waste time cutting ice with him. 13 When the game is really over, which idiom can we use? （ A） The game is on ice. （ B） Skating on thin
6、ice. （ C） To cut no ice. （ D） To break the ice. 14 What has cloning bypassed? （ A） The nuclear transfer （ B） The process taking DNA （ C） The normal reproductive process （ D） The creation of cells 15 Whats the big breakthrough with Dolly, the first cloned animal? （ A） It makes a clone from an ordinar
7、y, adult cell. （ B） It makes the first normal and healthy cloned animal. （ C） It paves the way to the cloning of human beings. （ D） It makes a cloned animal with only mother. 16 Which country first passed the law banning human cloning? （ A） The United States （ B） The United Kingdom （ C） Switzerland
8、（ D） Russia 17 Megan Delia Selva, who has already traded e-mail messages with her mom, just to say hi, is a_. （ A） freshman （ B） sophomore （ C） junior （ D） senior 18 What is the relationship between Maria Minkarah and Megan Delia Selva? （ A） Teacher and student （ B） Sisters （ C） Good friends （ D） Mo
9、ther and daughter 19 According to the report, what is the most striking thing? （ A） The tone students had when talking about their parents: fond, warm and admiring. （ B） The young women keep in close touch with their families, discussing matters big and small, academic and personal. （ C） Many studen
10、ts turn to their parents for help with everything from roommate troubles to how to improve the paper they e-mailed home. （ D） Not all college students are closely connected with their parents. 20 Which has a lot to do with what university administrators and parents alike say has been a big change ov
11、er the last decade, besides cellphones? （ A） Web access （ B） Stronger presence of parents on campus （ C） Offices created to deal with parents queries and concerns （ D） E-mail 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank a
12、nd mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally 21 by educated people and used in news broadcasts an
13、d other 22 situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has 23 in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial 24; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. 25 , the standard variety of English is based on the London 26 of Engli
14、sh that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one 27 by the educated, and it was developed and promoted 28 a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the 29 that was carried overseas, bu
15、t not one unaffected by such export. Today, 30 English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are 31 the same everywhere in the world where English is used; 32 among local standards is really quite minor, 33 the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really ve
16、ry 34 different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are 35 . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous 36 on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have 37 much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on
17、them to be 38 . This latter situation is not unique 39 English; it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are 40 . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的 ) ones. （
18、A） said （ B） told （ C） talked （ D） spoken （ A） same （ B） similar （ C） equal （ D） identical （ A） anything （ B） something （ C） nothing （ D） everything （ A） language （ B） vocabulary （ C） idioms （ D） words （ A） Surprisingly （ B） Historically （ C） Interestingly （ D） Generally （ A） accent （ B） pronunciati
19、on （ C） spelling （ D） dialect （ A） preferred （ B） learned （ C） praised （ D） created （ A） to （ B） in （ C） as （ D） for （ A） basis （ B） norm （ C） rule （ D） variety （ A） formal （ B） colloquial （ C） non-standard （ D） standard （ A） not （ B） very （ C） much （ D） hardly （ A） variation （ B） standardization （
20、C） unification （ D） transformation （ A） therefore （ B） but （ C） so that （ D） nevertheless （ A） great （ B） much （ C） no （ D） little （ A） talked （ B） concerned （ C） mentioned （ D） involved （ A） press （ B） pressure （ C） power （ D） force （ A） lost （ B） gained （ C） missed （ D） got （ A） abandoned （ B） cha
21、nged （ C） standardized （ D） reformed （ A） in （ B） of （ C） for （ D） to （ A） in the way （ B） under way （ C） out of the way （ D） all the way Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The hist
22、ory of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called Old (or Anglo-Saxon)English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though
23、 no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in
24、 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional (词尾变化的 ) system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down. The period of Middle English extends roughly from the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French (
25、and Latin, often by way of French) upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A bypical prose passage, specially one from the later part of the
26、period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either. The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribu
27、tion that had begun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser ex
28、tent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word-stock. 41 The earliest wr
29、itten record of English available to us started （ A） from the seventh century （ B） from the fifth century （ C） from the twelfth century （ D） from the ninth century 42 What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English? （ A） The influence of Latin. （ B） A revolution in vowel distribution. （ C） A
30、well-developed inflectional system. （ D） Loss of some inflections. 43 what can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Even an educated person can not read old English without special training. （ B） A person who knows French well can understand old English. （ C） An educated person can understand old Engl
31、ish but can not pronounce it. （ D） A person can pronounce old English words but cant understand them. 44 Which of the following is NOT mentioned? （ A） French. （ B） Latin. （ C） Greek. （ D） German. 45 What is the most remarkable characteristic of Modern English? （ A） Numerous additions to its vocabula
32、ry. （ B） Completion of a revolution in vowel distribution. （ C） Gradual changes in its grammatical system. （ D） The direct influence of Latin. 45 The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blo
33、od pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foodsfruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoesis the bodys best weapon in thwarting many health-related problems. These foods work
34、against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones. Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, veget
35、ables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the
36、development of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,“ says Melanie Polk, a registered
37、 dietitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research. The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and ke
38、eps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you dont absorb enough
39、from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesnt produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults dont eat more than 500 mg. One reason may hav
40、e been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,“ says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D. , of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-f
41、at or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt. “ Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your
42、 doctor about supplements. Theyre a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitam
43、in when your skin is exposed to the suns rays. 46 Which kind of food is recommended to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones? （ A） Calcium-rich food （ B） Plant-based and starchy staples food （ C） High-fat, high-calorie food （ D） Vitamin D-rich food 47 T
44、he underlined word “thwart“ (Para. 1) most probably means “_“. （ A） destroy （ B） forbid （ C） cure （ D） prevent 48 _percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles. （ A） 30-40 （ B） 40-50 （ C） 50-60 （ D）
45、60-70 49 According to the passage, cancers may take some healthy steps other than_. （ A） stop smoking （ B） exercise regularly （ C） take non-fat diet （ D） control their weight 50 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie
46、foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt. （ B） Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. （ C） You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium. （ D） If you want to absorb calcium, you should expose yourself to the suns rays
47、. 50 It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debating, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. T
48、he measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service,Death NET. Says Hofsess:“We posted b
49、ulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history. “ The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally I11 Law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging popul
