1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 203及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? _ （ A） How much exercise they get every day. （ B） What they are most worried about. （ C） How long their parents accompany them daily. （ D） What entertainment they are interested in. 12 The academy sugge
5、sts that children under age two_. （ A） get enough entertainment （ B） have more activities （ C） receive early education （ D） have regular checkups 13 According to the report, childrens bedrooms should_. （ A） be no place for play （ B） be near a common area （ C） have no TV sets （ D） have a computer for
6、 study 14 What is the target group for this years “No Tobacco Day“? （ A） Children under 16 （ B） Men between 20 and 33 years old （ C） Women （ D） Old people with serious diseases 15 What is. the recent important development observed in developing countries? （ A） The number of smokers has been falling
7、about 2 percent a year. （ B） The number of smokers has been rising 20 percent a year. （ C） The number of smokers has been rising 2 percent a year. （ D） The number of smokers has been falling 20 percent a year. 16 What is the good of the World Health Organization? （ A） To set a “smoke-free“ world （ B
8、） To teach the people in developing countries a lesson （ C） To forbid farmers to grow tobacco （ D） To forbid smokers to buy tobacco products 17 When was the World Bank officially founded? （ A） In 1944. （ B） In 1946. （ C） In 1949. （ D） In2000. 18 The World Bank dreams of a world without （ A） inequali
9、ty （ B） poverty （ C） oppression （ D） conflicts 19 What do we know about the World Bank member countries? （ A） They have equal say. （ B） They decide on the banks work. （ C） They are the board members. （ D） They are its shareholders. 20 How many leading contributors does the World Bank have? （ A） 24.
10、（ B） 19. （ C） 5. （ D） 3 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: 21 it, it would not be possible to pay the sold
11、iers and policemen who protect us; 22 the workers in government offices who 23 our health, our food, our water, and all 24 things that we can not do for ourselves. By 25 of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 26 as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. In most countries, a direct t
12、ax on persons, 27 is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 28 , and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayers 29 grows. In England, for example, the tax on the 30 peo-ple goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxati
13、on nearly always have 31 taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or“duties“. 32 , it is the men and women who buy the imported things in the shops who really 33 pay the duties, in the 34 of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 35 things sold in the shop
14、s. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 36. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, 37 is obtained, but the tax is fairer, as the 38 pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 39 with a direct on incomes which is low
15、 for the poor and high for the rich, is 40 arrangement. （ A） because of （ B） instead of （ C） with （ D） without （ A） so （ B） nor （ C） not （ D） all （ A） look after （ B） sympathize （ C） consider （ D） see （ A） other （ B） others （ C） the other （ D） many （ A） mean （ B） means （ C） a means （ D） the means （
16、A） many （ B） well （ C） more （ D） much （ A） which （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it （ A） a lot （ B） most （ C） nothing （ D） more （ A） income （ B） population （ C） tax （ D） amount （ A） poor （ B） working （ C） rich （ D） richest （ A） no （ B） income （ C） indirect （ D） direct （ A） However （ B） So （ C） Of course （
17、D） By chance （ A） have to （ B） will （ C） are willing to （ D） should （ A） way （ B） form （ C） name （ D） terms （ A） about （ B） on （ C） for （ D） form （ A） least （ B） highly （ C） less （ D） most （ A） less money （ B） more money （ C） fewer money （ D） most money （ A） people （ B） poor （ C） rich （ D） country （
18、 A） including （ B） along （ C） dealing （ D） and （ A） the best （ B） the worst （ C） good （ D） better Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 How efficient is our system of criminal trial? D
19、oes it really do the basic job we ask of it convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the jud
20、ge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial“ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a
21、contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal“ especially a religious event was the main way of testing guilt or inn
22、ocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and
23、this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under super
24、vision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our
25、 systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, Americans lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and
26、beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare
27、themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers
28、also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better
29、. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. 41 “British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to
30、 do justice. “ It implies that_. （ A） the British legal system can do the basic job well convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent （ B） the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system （ C） the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair （ D） the British l
31、egal system is very efficient 42 Which of the following sentences is NOT true? （ A） Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the judges and prosecutors could read. （ B） When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain. （ C） In the adversari
32、al system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. （ D） Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases. 43 In Britain, newspapers_. （ A） do the same as American newspapers do （ B） are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place （ C） are not al
33、lowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place （ D） are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place 44 We can infer that American lawyers_. （ A） do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases （ B） prepare the cases themselves （ C） tend to be more passionatel
34、y involved in their cases （ D） tend to approach cases dispassionately 45 The passage_. （ A） questions whether the system of trial by jury can ever be completely efficient （ B） suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countries （ C） describes how the British le
35、gal system works and compares it favourably with other systems （ D） compares the legal systems of a number of countries and discusses their advantages and disadvantages 45 Every culture attempts to create a “universe of discourse“ for its members, a way in which people can interpret their experience
36、 and convey it to one another. Without a common system of codifying sensations, life would be absurd and all efforts to share meanings would be doomed to failure. This universe of discourse one of the most precious of all cultural legacies is transmitted to each generation in part consciously and in
37、 part unconsciously. Parents and teachers give explicit instruction in it by praising or criticizing certain ways of dressing, of thinking, of gesturing, of responding to the acts of others. But the most significant aspects of any cultural code may be conveyed implicitly, not by rule or lesson but t
38、hrough modeling behavior. He child is surrounded by others who, through the mere consistency of their actions as males and females, mothers and fathers, salesclerks and policemen, display what is appropriate behavior. Thus the grammar of any culture is sent and received largely unconsciously, making
39、 ones own cultural assumptions and biases difficult to recognize. They seem so obviously right that they require no explanation. In The Open and Closed Mind, Milton Rokeach poses the problem of cultural understanding in its simplest form, but one that can readily demonstrate the complication of comm
40、unication between cultures. It is called the “Denny Doodlebyg Problem. “ Readers are given all the rules that govern this culture: Denny is an animal that always faces North, and can move only by jumping; he can jump large distances or small distances, but can change direction only after jumping fou
41、r times in any direction; he can jump North, South, East or West, but not diagonally. Upon concluding a jump his master places some food three feet directly West of him. Surveying the situation, Denny concludes he must jump four times to reach the food. No more or less. And he is right. All the read
42、er has to do is to explain the circumstances that make his conclusion correct. The large majority of people who attempt this problem fail to solve it, despite the fact that they are given all the rules that control behavior in this culture. If there is difficulty in getting inside the simplistic wor
43、ld of Denny Doodlebug where the cultural code has already been broken and handed to us imagine the complexity of comprehending behavior in societies whose codes have to yet been deciphered. And where even those who obey these codes are only vaguely aware and can rarely describe the underlying source
44、s of their own actions. 46 We acquire the greater part of our cultural codes by_. （ A） creating a universe of discourse （ B） imitating the behavior of others, especially those of the previous generation （ C） sharing the same experiences with other people （ D） taking in the various information were g
45、iven with no discrimination 47 What does “the grammar of any culture“ refer to in the first paragraph? （ A） The grammatical rules in the language used by the largest population in a culture. （ B） Rules in a culture that can be modeled on by another culture. （ C） Any rules that people in a culture re
46、ceive throughout his life time. （ D） Rules and codes that shape ones cultural perspective and behavior. 48 By reading The Open and Closed Mind, we may_. （ A） find a way of solving the Denny Doodlebug problem （ B） realize how little we know about the complexity of human behavior （ C） bring to light c
47、odes of some societies which we didnt know before （ D） be aware of the difficulties of communications between different cultures 49 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） in some societies, peoples behaviors are not governed by cultural codes （ B） there are still societies whose cultural co
48、des still remain a mystery to us （ C） once people accept a cultural code, theyll have a full understanding of their behavior （ D） The Open and Closed Mind exerts great impact on peoples behavior 50 Which one of the following statements about cultural code is TRUE? （ A） People in the same society may
49、 be governed by different cultural codes. （ B） Cultural codes are passed on from one generation to another either in written form or in oral form or in both. （ C） Cultural codes in different cultures may differ sharply from one another. （ D） The influence of cultural codes on an individual may decrease as he becomes older. 50 The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. W
