1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 178及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 How did the fire start? （ A） A motorist carelessly threw out a lighted cigarette. （ B） A man passed the forest and lit it on purpose. （ C） The bushes and trees were so dry that they burned by themselves. （ D） No one knew the cause. 12 Who warned the police about the fire? （ A）
5、A fireman. （ B） A workman in the forest. （ C） A car driver. （ D） A truck driver. 13 Why couldnt the fire spread to the south? （ A） Because there was a lake there. （ B） Because there was a river there. （ C） Because there were a lot of firemen there. （ D） Because there was a path there. 14 Where can y
6、ou find a Spanish language bookstore? （ A） In Chinatown. （ B） In Japantown. （ C） Anywhere in the city. （ D） In the Mission District. 15 Why does the man know so much about the city? （ A） He is a native. （ B） He works in a library. （ C） He teaches ethnic history at the university. （ D） Both . 16 Wher
7、e do Chinese people live in the city? （ A） In Chinatown. （ B） All over the city. （ C） In the center of the city. （ D） Both . 17 Which of the following does not contribute to Torontos healthy economy? （ A） A large local market. （ B） Tremendous opportunities for manufacturing and development. （ C） The
8、 diversified industrial base. （ D） Abundant capital. 18 The industries in the Toronto metropolitan area includes （ A） computer industries （ B） information related enterprises （ C） arts and culture industries （ D） travel service 19 Many films for cinema and television are financed by （ A） Chicago com
9、panies （ B） New York companies （ C） United States companies （ D） Seattle companies 20 According to this monologue, which of the following is one of the fastest growing industries in Toronto? （ A） The Tornoto Stock Exchange. （ B） The film industry. （ C） The Eaton Center. （ D） Port related industry. 一
10、、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than
11、any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not【 21】 known; there is no good evidence that screening is much helpful, and treatment【 22】 in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be【 23】 . This may not always be true, of course, as for some other
12、types of cancer, research【 24】 the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment. 【 25】 , however, we consider not what research may one day offer but what todays knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practicab
13、le and cost-effective opportunities for【 26】 . premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved【 27】 , but prevention. This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can【 28】tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigar
14、ette sales appreciably by raising prices or by【 29】 on the type of education that already appears to have a【 30】 effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar【 31】 per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures
15、applies not only in those countries,【 32】 , the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become【 33】 only recently. In China, lung cancer【 34】 accounts for only 5 to
16、 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century【 35】 the rise in smoking to increase the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990s or early in the ne
17、xt century,【 36】 prompt effective action is taken against the habit-indeed, such increase is already plainly evident in parts of the【 37】 . There are four reasons why the prevention of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than an
18、y other type of cancer now【 38】 ; Secondly, it is generally incurable; Thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally,【 39】 tobacco consumption will also have a substantial【 40】 on many other diseases. （ A） hardly （ B） never （ C） less （ D） re
19、liably （ A） fails （ B） succeeds （ C） results （ D） rises （ A） treatment （ B） cure （ C） prevention （ D） diagnosis （ A） over （ B） on （ C） from （ D） near （ A） Although （ B） If （ C） Since （ D） Unless （ A） resulting （ B） deducing （ C） avoiding （ D） causing （ A） health （ B） control （ C） environment （ D） tr
20、eatment （ A） eliminate （ B） abolish （ C） cut down （ D） cope with （ A） dealing （ B） expending （ C） hardening （ D） inspecting （ A） innocent （ B） positive （ C） likely （ D） moderate （ A） contained （ B） delivering （ C） adopted （ D） regulated （ A） for example （ B） such as （ C） as well as （ D） but （ A） sen
21、sitive （ B） tight （ C） widespread （ D） rough （ A） still （ B） also （ C） as yet （ D） always （ A） of （ B） at （ C） due to （ D） for （ A） if （ B） unless （ C） provided （ D） while （ A） China （ B） world （ C） U.K. （ D） globe （ A） has （ B） emerges （ C） causes （ D） does （ A） yield （ B） handling （ C） increasing
22、（ D） reducing （ A） trouble （ B） margins （ C） impact （ D） threat Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, m
23、arket-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market place for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and
24、the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of business men to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximiz
25、e their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a maket-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by
26、a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers wil be eliminated from the market. If, on other hand, p
27、roducing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellers. Price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important actor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own poductive resources (priv
28、ate property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right
29、 to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 41 In the market-oriented economic system, _. （ A） consumers spend their money at will （ B） consumers spend their money in accordance with producers desire （ C） consumers actions in the marketplace have
30、nothing to do with the businessmen （ D） consumers actions affect production greatly 42 How does price system in the American economic system work? （ A） It only regulates the relative demands of consumers. （ B） It only influences the supplies of seller-producers. （ C） It regulates the relative demand
31、s of consumers and suppliers offered by seller-producers. （ D） Price doesnt rise or fall. 43 The passage is mainly about? （ A） American consumers. （ B） American seller-producers. （ C） American economic system. （ D） American price system. 44 Which of the following is true? （ A） The American economic
32、system is organized around a basically public-owned enterprise. （ B） In a private-enterprise economy, individuals are allowed to own productive resources. （ C） In the America economy, private property only contains the ownership of productive resources. （ D） None. 45 What are the private businessmen
33、 striving to do? （ A） To sell more goods. （ B） To advertise their products. （ C） To make profits. （ D） To improve quality. 45 Tom Sponson, at fifty-three, was a thoroughly successful man. He had married a charming wife and built himself a good house in a London suburb. His son, Bob, nineteen, was do
34、ing well at Oxford; his daughter, April, aged sixteen, who was at a good school, had no wish to use makeup, to wear low frocks or to flirt. She still regarded herself as too young for these trifling amusements. Yet she was gay, affectionate and enjoyed life. All the same, for some time, Tom had been
35、 aware that he was working very hard for very little. His wife, Louise, gave him a peck in the morning when he left for the office, and if she were not at a party, a quick kiss when he came home in the evening. Her life was completely filled with the children, her clothes, keeping her figure slim, t
36、he house clean and smart, with her bridge, her tennis, her friends and her parties. The chidren were even more preoccupied-the boy with his own work and his friends, the girl with hers. They were polite to Tom, but when he came into a room there was at once a feeling of constraint. When they were al
37、one together he perceived that they were slightly embarrassed and changed the subject of their conversation, whatever it was. Yet they did not seem to do this with their mother. He would find all three of them laughing at something and when he came in they would stop and gaze at him as if he had sho
38、t up through the floor. He said to himself, “it isnt only that they dont need me, but Im a nuisance to them. Im in the way.“ One morning, when he was just going to get into his car and his wife had come out to say goodbye, he suddenly made an excuse, saying, “Just a moment, Ive left a letter“ and we
39、nt back to his desk, and then dashed out to the car and drove off, pretending to forget that goodbye had not been said. Immediately he felt that he could not stand any more of this existence; it was nonsense. His wife and children did not depend on the business any more; it could be taken over tomor
40、row and it would support all of them in comfort. Actually he would miss the business; it was his chief interest. But if he had to give it up for the sake of freedom, a break in this senseless life, he could do even that. Yes, joyfully. As he circled Trafalgar Square, only a few hundred yards from hi
41、s office, he told himself that he could not go on. It was as if at that moment when he had dodged the customary goodbye a contact had been broken. The conveyor belt which was his life had been stopped. An hour later he was in the train for Westford, a seaside place where he had once spent a summer h
42、oliday before his marriage. On the luggage rack was a new suitcase, containing pajamas, shoes, a new kit as for a holiday by the sea even new paper backs for a wet day. 46 Tom Sponsons daughter, April, was a satisfactory daughter although she was _. （ A） at the age when many girls begin to be a prob
43、lem to their parents （ B） still too young to be interested in boys or men and love （ C） a worry to her father because she took no interest in boys （ D） a normal, happy schoolgirl of sixteen 47 Louise Sponson was _. （ A） too old to care about her husband and more （ B） neglectful of her husband and he
44、r house （ C） too busy to take any notice of her husbands coming and going （ D） absen-mindedly affectionate towards her husband 48 Tom Sponson felt that his children were busy with their own affairs and _. （ A） unfriendly to him and to their mother （ B） did not enjoy his company or want to talk to hi
45、m （ C） were too shy and polite to him （ D） were awkward and bad-mannered 49 On the evidence of the passage as a whole, we can say that Tom Sponson was _. （ A） sensitive and troubled （ B） sensible and uneasy （ C） senseless and worried （ D） sensual and difficult 50 Tom Sponson took the train for Westf
46、ord with _. （ A） none daily necessities （ B） office work （ C） luggage （ D） his car 50 Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠 ) and stagnation (呆滞 ). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂 ) and hostility. Moderate levels of conf
47、lict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among
48、 a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations. Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specially, managers in not-for-profi
49、t organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision-making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decis
