1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试历年真题试卷汇编 5及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording t
2、wice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will
3、hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear e
4、ach piece ONLY ONCE. 11 Why is the study important to human? （ A） Because people have an interest in childrens learning. （ B） Because it leads to greater understanding of language. （ C） Because it encourages the researchers to work hard. （ D） Because it is good to childrens health. 12 How many perio
5、ds of time do the researchers study on childrens language development? （ A） Two. （ B） Three. （ C） Four. （ D） Five. 13 Which of the following is true about children under five? （ A） They begin to make linguistic analysis. （ B） They begin to develop both phonological and grammatical competence. （ C） T
6、hey begin to have semantic competence. （ D） A and B. 14 According to the talk, how did vitamins lose in ones body? （ A） Through cooking and improper use of them. （ B） Through sweating. （ C） Through eating unhealthy foods. （ D） Through taking in much meat. 15 In a healthy diet, what kind of food shou
7、ld be mostly avoided? （ A） Fish and meat. （ B） Sugar, salt and butter. （ C） Bread and rice. （ D） Fruit and vegetables. 16 How can people get enough vitamins? （ A） Cut down fat-soluble vitamins and obtain water-soluble vitamins. （ B） Take more vitamin pills. （ C） Read the magazines on health. （ D） Ea
8、t a variety of foods. 17 What did Mr. Smith decide to do when they returned home? （ A） He decided to go to the travel agency for complaints. （ B） He wrote to the manager of the agency. （ C） Hed like to consult with his wife for complaints. （ D） He did nothing but complain with his wife. 18 What did
9、Mr. Smith complain about in his letter? （ A） The food and the transport means. （ B） The manager of the travel agency. （ C） The hotel and travel arrangements. （ D） The journey home. 19 What is true about the service offered by the hotel? （ A） The majority of the staff couldnt speak or understand Engl
10、ish. （ B） Most of the staff are natives, but they have no training. （ C） Hotel is comfortable, though the food is not so good. （ D） Hotel is located with a magnificent view of the sea. 20 What will the Smiths do in the future? （ A） They will ask for compensation for their tour. （ B） They will wait f
11、or a reply. （ C） They will never go traveling to that island. （ D） They will never book any holidays through that agency. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 In the pas
12、t decade, new scientific developments in communications have changed the way many people gather information about politics. The most important of these new【 C1】 _is the Internet. Recent research suggests the use of the Internet for political information increases the【 C2】 _of participation. While a(
13、n) 【 C3】 _relationship between Internet news and political participation has been found, a theoretical link as to why the Internet is【 C4】_from other media forms is largely【 C5】 _. This research is an attempt to【 C6】 _the “black-box“ linking the Internet and political participation by building on tw
14、o theoretical【 C7】 _. The first, surge and decline theory, comes out of political science and the second, media systems dependency theory,【 C8】 _from communications. Both explanations focus on individual costs and benefits of political participation. The media can【 C9】 _the “costs“ by providing suff
15、icient information to make【 C10】 _decisions about voting. Previous research【 C11】_that the Internet benefits the public through the cost side of the equation. One of the medias greatest【 C12】 _is information and the public【 C13】 _on media to provide them with the information they need.【 C14】 _the In
16、ternet is capable of providing information【 C15】 _, and from a multitude of sources, one would expect it to【 C16】 _political action through lowering the cost of information. Besides lowering participation costs, the media can【 C17】 _increase the benefits of participation. Intense media【 C18】 _of an
17、event such as an election can【 C19】 _excitement that increases the perceived “benefit“ of participating. The Internet may encourage a unique participation benefit【 C20】 _increased mobilization efforts. 21 【 C1】 （ A） technologies （ B） materials （ C） concepts （ D） devices 22 【 C2】 （ A） practicability
18、（ B） feasibility （ C） probability （ D） stability 23 【 C3】 （ A） critical （ B） analytical （ C） empirical （ D） technical 24 【 C4】 （ A） specific （ B） unique （ C） particular （ D） peculiar 25 【 C5】 （ A） built （ B） losing （ C） missing （ D） connected 26 【 C6】 （ A） unpack （ B） unroll （ C） untie （ D） unfold 2
19、7 【 C7】 （ A） experiments （ B） comments （ C） approaches （ D） investigations 28 【 C8】 （ A） orientates （ B） initiates （ C） correlates （ D） originates 29 【 C9】 （ A） alter （ B） decrease （ C） induce （ D） cover 30 【 C10】 （ A） informed （ B） accepted （ C） understood （ D） diversified 31 【 C11】 （ A） declares （
20、 B） denies （ C） promises （ D） argues 32 【 C12】 （ A） databanks （ B） resources （ C） sources （ D） costs 33 【 C13】 （ A） base （ B） act （ C） rely （ D） live 34 【 C14】 （ A） Because （ B） While （ C） If （ D） Although 35 【 C15】 （ A） casually （ B） objectively （ C） readily （ D） skillfully 36 【 C16】 （ A） advertise
21、 （ B） popularize （ C） manage （ D） encourage 37 【 C17】 （ A） also （ B） yet （ C） only （ D） just 38 【 C18】 （ A） interference （ B） statement （ C） coverage （ D） image 39 【 C19】 （ A） generate （ B） promote （ C） install （ D） expose 40 【 C20】 （ A） for （ B） via （ C） at （ D） from Part A 40 As time goes on, how
22、to do good critical thinking is increasingly marginalized or even left out of the modern educational process. Critical thinking involves a mental process that is highly disciplined and therefore requires most practitioners to be trained in it. This training is best begun in the formative years, and
23、it is best taught by energetic, motivated teachers who continually challenge, and debate, and demand increasingly rigorous thinking of their young students. However, as in all things, it is never too late to begin. Critical thinking is the process of evaluating and analyzing a proposition or an argu
24、ment that has been offered to the thinker, for criticism, as being true. There follows a process of reasoning, evaluation of the offered evidence, and reflection, always begun from a point of skepticism. A proper critique of the offered argument involves more than direct observation. Besides reasoni
25、ng, cognition and experience, proper critical thinking also involves intellectual values that go beyond the specific argument or object being critically examined. These intellectual values involve objective truth. Objective truth is that truth which comes from somewhere outside of our minds. Subject
26、ive truth is that truth which comes from within us: that which we feel, or sense, or believe to be true. Objective truth stands alone, and does not depend upon us to remain true: its completely independent of the mind of man. No matter what we think about it, how we think about it, or even if we thi
27、nk about it, objective truth remains objective truth, unchanged, and impervious. Objective truth must always be taken into consideration in order to do good critical thinking. There are different forms of objective truth, ranging from solid to ephemeral. In the “ hard science“ fields, such as mathem
28、atics, physics and chemistry, the most recognized objective truths involve proven mathematical formulae, or recognized scientific laws, or widely recognized and as yet unrefuted scientific theories. These “hard“ objective truths are taken by the critical thinker to be axioms or givens, and thus, use
29、ful tools to help in the critical thinking process. The process thereby builds upon a foundation of previously proven truth. No matter how technically advanced we ever become, we are all, individually and collectively, called to think about things. It is our human nature. 41 It is suggested that the
30、 training of critical thinking in the formative years is best conducted by teachers 42 A good critical thinker always 43 Objective truth is regarded as 44 What can be inferred from the last paragraph? 45 Which of the following best summarizes the text? Part B Directions: Read the following four text
31、s. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 45 Paul Johnsons A History Of The American People is what we have come to expect from this productive writer clear, colorful narrative, vivid character sketches, marvelous research, sweeping, conf
32、ident statements, and an insistent conservative viewpoint which tempts him into serious omissions. He will not conceal his opinions, he tells us. Good. Then we can judge his history free of pretences to objectivity his or ours. Almost at start, we notice something interesting: Johnson passes quickly
33、 over a defining moment in American history the Columbus story important because it is the first lesson every American schoolchild learns. How you treat that story what you choose to tell of it signals your view of the longer American experience, reaching to our time. In school textbooks, Columbus h
34、as always been presented as a hero. Only recently has a new set of facts always available but ignored begun to get into public attention: that Columbus, on landing, and desperate for gold, encountered native Americans who were peaceful and generous (by his own admission)and tortured them, kidnapped
35、them, enslaved them, murdered them. Johnson, who goes into much detail about other matters (like Ronald Reagans jokes)is silent on this. Among his numerous references there is none to Bartolome de las Casas, an eyewitness, who described in detail the horrifying evils committed by Columbus and his fe
36、llowmen against the Indians , which resulted in the native population of Hispaniola being wiped out genocide is an appropriate term by the year 1550. I suggest this is not an innocent omission. Johnson wants us to look positively on the history of the United States. Yes, he says, there were “severe
37、wrongs“ committed in “the dispossession of a native people“ and in the institution of slavery. But has the US, he asks at the start of his book, “made up for its organic sins“? His whole book suggests that it has, and that in doing so it has become (he says at the end)“a human achievement without pa
38、rallel. the first, best hope for the human race“. Since Johnson has decided that the US is “ the first, best hope for the human race“ , he has shaped its history accordingly. If we prefer to see that history as a complex and unfinished struggle of Americans for justice, against militarism, for econo
39、mic, racial and sexual equality, we are badly served by a flattering admiration of those in power, pretending to be a history of “the people“. 46 The first paragraph shows that the authors opinion of the book A History Of The American People is （ A） critical. （ B） objective. （ C） defensive. （ D） adm
40、iring. 47 The way people have been treating Columbus story indicates their view of （ A） the American school education. （ B） great heroes in American history. （ C） the development of American history. （ D） the American society at present. 48 The book makes no reference to Bartolome de las Casas proba
41、bly because Paul Johnson （ A） is a writer fond of omissions. （ B） isnt tempted to make references. （ C） bears an inborn hatred for horrifying evils. （ D） doesnt want to see the image of the US stained. 49 The word “genocide“ (Line 8, Paragraph 3)most probably means （ A） killing of people of a partic
42、ular race. （ B） driving-out of native inhabitants. （ C） extinction of a whole generation. （ D） assimilation of ethnic groups. 50 The author would agree with the statement that the US （ A） has compensated the natives for their earlier sufferings. （ B） has never committed serious evils to the natives
43、in history. （ C） has not undone the wrongs committed in history. （ D） has become the best hope for the human race. 50 In the 21st century theres no doubt that frightening new infectious diseases will appear. Today new viruses are coming out of nature and “discovering“ the human species. Just since 1
44、994, at least 30 new viruses have appeared. Viruses are moving into the human species because there are more of us all the time. From a virus point of view, we look like a free lunch thats getting bigger. In nature viral diseases tend to break out when populations increase rapidly and become densely
45、 packed. Then many deaths occur and the population drops. This is natures population-control mechanism. There is no reason to think the human race is free from the laws of nature. Giving these laws an extra push will be the rise of megacities huge densely packed cities in less developed nations. A U
46、nited Nations study predicts that by the year 2015, there will be 26 extremely big cities on the planet. By then, some megacities could have 30 million or more people. That is approximately the total population of California. Imagine all the people in California crowded together tightly into one vas
47、t city. Then remove most doctors and medical care, take away basic sanitation and hygiene, and you have a biological “ time bomb“. Now make eight or ten such “bombs“ and plant them around the world. Also consider the biological weapons the world will be capable of producing in the future. The 20th c
48、entury saw the creation of great and terrible weapons based on the principles of nuclear physics. The 21st century will see great and terrible weapons based on the knowledge of DNA and the genetic code. As biotechnology becomes more sophisticated and powerful, biologists will learn how to mix genes
49、of different microbes to create unnatural strains that can be turned into deadly, effective weapons. Biological weapons are a disgrace to biology. Most biologists havent wanted to talk or even think about them. The physicists lost their innocence when the first nuclear bomb went off in 1945. The biologists will lose their innocence when the first biological weapon spreads through the human species. Yet the 20th century survived despite the existence of the n
