1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 78及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 The speech is mainly about the organization of the company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 2 Peo
2、ple like to have changes in the organization of the company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 3 All directors on the Board are full-time employees in the company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 4 The job of the Board of Directors is to administrate the company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 5 The chairman of the Board is appoi
3、nted by the Board. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 6 MD refers to a doctor of medicine. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 7 MD is the absolute head of the company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 8 MD decides companys policies and carried them out. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong 9 MD has six departmental managers at the moment. （ A） Right
4、（ B） Wrong 10 The speaker will introduce six departmental managers one by one. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 What did women usually do before their
5、marriage? （ A） They asked their parents for money. （ B） They stayed at home with their parents until marriage. （ C） They prepared to get married early. （ D） They did a lot of housework to earn some pocket-money from their parents. 12 Why did a lot of people feel pressure to have a family? （ A） Becau
6、se there was too much quarrel between a couple. （ B） Because their parents lived with them. （ C） Because women were usually pregnant unexpectedly. （ D） Because they felt bored after marriage. 13 Why did the woman choose not to have children? （ A） Because there were some selfish reasons. （ B） Because
7、 she wished to pursue her dreams freely. （ C） Because she considered it reasonable. （ D） Because it has been accepted by most people. 14 How many constituencies is the country divided into for the General Election? （ A） 653 （ B） 635 （ C） 365 （ D） 53 15 Which of the following are disqualified from vo
8、ting in the House of Commons? （ A） criminals, lunatics and beggars （ B） criminals, insane people and members of the House of Lords （ C） burglars, members of the House of Commons and lunatics （ D） criminal, lawyers and lunatics 16 On the day appointed for the election, where do voters have to go? （ A
9、） the polling stations （ B） the court （ C） Westminster （ D） The Royal Palace. 17 What is the easiest way to show the complex hierarchy of a newspaper? （ A） In the form of a chart. （ B） In the form of a diagram. （ C） In the form of a table. （ D） In the form of a tree. 18 Who is NOT at the top of the
10、complex hierarchy of a newspaper? （ A） The Executive Editor. （ B） The Assistant Editor. （ C） The Managing Editor. （ D） The Editor and his deputy. 19 Who looks after the paper, especially the front page, in the afternoon and evening, preparing for the next morning? （ A） The Assistant Editor. （ B） The
11、 head of the department. （ C） The Night Editor. （ D） The Deputy Editor. 20 What is the responsibility of the subeditors in the newspaper office? （ A） Check and prepare the copy for the printer. （ B） See that everything runs smoothly. （ C） Make decisions about what goes into the paper. （ D） Have clos
12、e contact with the House of Commons and the political content. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk T
13、WICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 What is wrong with the American diet? 22 How much added sugar did each American consume in 1994? 23 Name one or two foods that have been added too much sugar. 24 When it comes to the sugar contained in the products, what do food labels only sho
14、w? 25 By doing what do the manufacturers try to conceal the exact amount of added sugar in their products? 26 What does the largest single source of added sugar? 27 What does the writer call the sodas the American teenagers consume? 28 At most how much calories derived from added sugar is considered
15、 sound in the diet? 29 Our body does not distinguish between added sugar and natural sugar in foods, does it? 30 What kind of nutrition does added sugar contain? 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.
16、 Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 31 Walking like swimming, bicycling and running is an aerobic exercise, (31) builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles. Such exercises may be a primary factor in the (32) of heart and cir
17、culatory disease. As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the (33) acceptable exercise for the largest number of people. Walking (34) comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardiovasculary system (35) stimulating the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate
18、(36) most other forms of exercise. In one test, a group of men 40 to 57 years of age, (37) at a fast pace for 40 minutes four days a week, showed improvement (38) to men the same age on a 30 minutes, three-day-a-week jogging program in the same period. Their resting heart rate and body fat decreased
19、 (39). These changes suggest (40) of the important even benefits walking can (41) about. Walking (42) bums calories. It takes 3500 calories to gain or (43) one pound. Since a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will (44) up 300 to 360 calories. By walking one hour every other day, you can burn up a-pou
20、nd-and-a-half monthly, or 18 pounds a (45)providing there is no change in your intake of food. To (46) weight faster, walk an hour every day and burn up 3 pounds a month, or 36 pounds a year. (47) your age, right, now is the time to give your physical well being as much thought as you (48) to pensio
21、ns or insurance. Walking is vital defense (49) the ravages of degenerative diseases and aging. It is natures (50) of giving you a tune-up. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 51 Since
22、 the late 1970s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivityand therefore enhance their international competitiveness through cost-cutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor ou
23、tput while holding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity-the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input did not improve; and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than
24、productivity improvements during earlier, post 1945 upturns. At the same time, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting, the more they lost their competitive edge. With this paradox in mind, I recently visited 25 companies; it became clear to me that the cost-cut
25、ting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed. Manufacturing regularly observes a “40, 40, 20“ rule. Roughly 40 percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure (decisions about the number, size, location, and capac
26、ity of facilities) and in approaches to materials. Another 40 percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology. The final 20 percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting. This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried. The well-known tools of this appro
27、ach including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter, not harder do produce results. But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute. Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people. As Abernathys study of aut
28、omobile manufacturers has shown, an industry can easily become prisoner of its own investments in cost-cutting techniques, reducing its ability to develop new products. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in proc
29、esses or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured. Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output. This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation, but it has created a penny-pinching, mec
30、hanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers. Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process tech
31、nology. In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies, successful companies are a
32、lso encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs. There is hope for manufacturing, but it clearly rests on a different way of managing. 51 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with _. （ A） summarizing a thesis （ B） recommending a different approach （ C
33、） comparing points of view （ D） making a series of predictions 52 The author refers to Abernathys study (paragraph 3) most probably in order to _. （ A） qualify an observation about one rule governing manufacturing （ B） address possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing com
34、petiviteness （ C） support an earlier assertion about one method of increasing productivity （ D） suggest the centrality in the United States economy of a particular manufacturing industry 53 The authors attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as _. （ A） cautious （ B） critical
35、（ C） disinterested （ D） respectful 54 In the passage, the author includes all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） personal observation （ B） a definition of productivity （ C） an example of a successful company （ D） an illustration of a process technology 55 The author suggests that implementing conventio
36、nal cost-cutting as a way of increasing manufacturing competitiveness is a strategy that is _. （ A） flawed and ruinous （ B） shortsighted and difficult to sustain （ C） popular and easily accomplished （ D） useful but inadequate 56 While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-contr
37、olled economy into a free one, the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows one approach that works: privatization, in which state-owned industries are sold to private companies. By 1979, the total borrowings and losses of state-owned industries were running at about 3 billion a yea
38、r. By selling many of these industries, the government has decreased these borrowings and losses, gained over 34 billion from the sales, and now receives tax revenues from the newly privatized companies. Along with a dramatically improved overall economy, the government has been able to repay 12.5 p
39、ercent of the net national debt over a two-year period. In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but has also raised the level of performance in every area. At British Airways and British Gas, for example, productivity per employee ha
40、s, risen by 20 percent. At associated British Ports, labor disruptions common in the 1970s and early 1980s have now virtually disappeared. At British Telecom, there is no longer a waiting list as there always was before privatization to have a telephone installed. Part of this improved productivity
41、has come about because the employees of privatized industries were given the opportunity to buy shares in their own companies. They responded enthusiastically to the offer of shares; at British Aerospace. They responded enthusiastically to the offer of shares; at British Aerospace, 89 percent of the
42、 eligible work force bought shares; at Associated British Ports, 90 percent; and at British Telecom, 92 percent. When people have a personal stake in something, they think about it, the new employee-owners grew so concerned about their companys profits that during wage negotiations they actually pre
43、ssed their union to lower its wage demands. Some economists have suggested that giving away free shares would provide a needed acceleration of the privatization process. Yet they miss Thomas Paines point that “what we obtain too cheap we esteem too lightly“. In order for the far-ranging benefits of
44、individual ownership to be achieved by owners, companies, and countries, employees and other individuals must make their own decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their own resources to the choice. 56 According to the passage, all of the following were benefits of privatizing state-owned in
45、dustries in the United Kingdom EXCEPT _. （ A） Privatized industries paid taxes to the government （ B） The government gained revenue from selling state owned industries （ C） The government repaid some of its national debt （ D） Profits from industries that were still state-owned increased 57 According
46、 to the passage, which of the following resulted in increased productivity in companies that have been privatized? （ A） A large number of employees chose to purchase shares in their companies. （ B） Free shares were widely distributed to individual shareholders （ C） The government ceased to regulate
47、major industries. （ D） Unions conducted wage negotiations for employees. 58 It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers labor disruptions to be _. （ A） an inevitable problem in a weak national economy （ B） a positive sign of employee concern about a company （ C） a predictor of empl
48、oyee reactions to a companys offer to sell shares to them （ D） a deterrence to high performance levels in an industry 59 The passage supports which of the following statements about employees buying shares in their own companies? （ A） At three different companies, approximately nine out of ten of th
49、e workers were eligible to buy shares in their companies. （ B） Approximately 90% of the eligible workers at three different companies chose buy shares in their companies. （ C） The opportunity to buy shares was discouraged by at least some labor unions. （ D） Companies that demonstrated the highest productivity were the first to allow their employees the opportunity to buy shares. 60 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the privatization process in the United Kingdom? （ A） It depends to a potentially dange
