1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 134及答案与解析 Part A Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10. 1 （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （
2、A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE （ A） TRUE （ B） FALSE Part B Directions: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE. 11 Where was the wo
3、man at lunchtime? （ A） Giving a lecture. （ B） Discussing political science. （ C） Working on a science problem. （ D） Reading twentieth-century literature. 12 How do the students demonstrate that they really enjoy professor Howls classes? （ A） They complete all their assignments. （ B） They study hard
4、for his tests. （ C） They compete for the best seats in the class. （ D） They read all his books. 13 Which of the following best describes Prof. Howls relationship with his students? （ A） Controversial. （ B） Impersonal. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Cooperative. 14 Why do people always spend more money than
5、planned in supermarkets? （ A） The goods are really cheap there. （ B） Supermarkets are attracting them by all means. （ C） There is something wrong with them. （ D） They have no choices but to spend more. 15 What is considered a good supermarket environment? （ A） One in which you feel relaxed and comfo
6、rtable. （ B） One that is clean and quiet. （ C） One in which there is background music. （ D） ()ne in which there wide aisle. 16 What is the function of background music? （ A） To cover up the unpleasant noise. （ B） To put people at ease. （ C） To keep people moving. （ D） A,B and C. 17 What memorandum d
7、id President William J. Clinton issue? （ A） On enhancing learning and education through technology. （ B） On Federal programs. （ C） On new opportunities that technology provides. （ D） On financial support for life long learning. 18 What actually was being emphasized by the president? （ A） Tax credits
8、. （ B） Students tuition. （ C） Lifelong learning for Americans. （ D） Success in Americas new economy. 19 In which year, about 40 percent of adults aged 17 and above participated in adult education program? （ A） 1995. （ B） 1996. （ C） 1994. （ D） 1992. 20 How many adults above 16 enrolled in adult educa
9、tion in 1996 ? （ A） Over 50 million. （ B） Over 5 million. （ C） Over 44 million. （ D） Over 4 million. Part C Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided
10、on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30. 21 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 “How are you keeping?“ “Lo
11、ok (31)_ yourself. “ “Good Health. “ “Heres your health. “ “Health, wealth and happiness. “ “If youre healthy, youre (32)_. “ Its amazing how many greetings, wishes and general expressions turn on health. Health is something healthy people hardly ever think about (33)_theyre (34)_. When that happens
12、 they think about little else. Then their visits to the doctor, the hospital; if theyre really unwell, medicines, pills, bottles, ointments, injections, having their temperature taken, and the worry (35) expense. Well, (36)_least in Britain the last part isnt too bad under the National Health Servic
13、e. This is a Government-enforced scheme whereby everyone pays in a small percentage of their earnings each week (37)_month, and is then entitled to free medical treatment when they are ill. This doesnt include medicines, which have to be paid (38)_, but at a considerably reduced rate. Everybody (39)
14、_ Britain is advised (40)_ have a local doctor. When a person moves (41) a district, one of the first things they do is to find a (42) _doctor and get on his list or panel. There (43)_lists of NHS doctors in the local post offices and everybody has a (44)_card. Most British (45)_are already register
15、ed with a doctor and moving into a new district entails no more than finding a new doctor and transferring (46)_ his panel. The National Health doctor will treat, and prescribe for, the more usual illnesses. Any cases that are beyond the scope of the local surgery he will (47)_to the nearest hospita
16、l. Again, in hospital, the(48)_ is free. The only drawback is that a great many people are in, or attending, hospital (49)_that most would-be patients have to go on a waiting list before they can (50)_ hospital treatment. Part A Directions: Read the following texts and answer the questions which acc
17、ompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real life. But now it is being considered quite seriously by
18、many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food. Glaciers are a possible source of fresh water that have been overlooked until recently. Three quarters of the Earths fresh water supply is still tied up in g
19、lacial ice, a reservoir of untapped fresh water so immense that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1, 000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7, 659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10, 000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of the
20、m from Antarctica. Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes; rather, they are formed entirely on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As they d
21、rift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction opposite to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic ocean.
22、 To corral them and steer them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult. The difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention of rapid melting in warmer climates and the funneling of fresh water to shore in great volume. But even if the icebergs lost
23、 half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desalination, or removing salt from water. 51 The main idea of the passage is about_. （ A） the movement of glaciers （ B） icebergs as a source of fresh water （ C） future water shortages （ D） the f
24、uture of the worlds rivers 52 The word “it“ in line 2 refers to_. （ A） an iceberg that is towed （ B） obtaining fresh water from icebergs （ C） the population of arid areas （ D） real life 53 According to the author, most of the worlds fresh water is to be found in_. （ A） oceans （ B） rivers （ C） glacie
25、rs （ D） reservoirs 54 How are icebergs formed? （ A） They break off from glaciers. （ B） Seawater freezes. （ C） Rivers freeze. （ D） Small pieces of floating ice converge. 55 The word “desalination“ in the last sentence may mean_. （ A） river freezing （ B） iceberg forming （ C） removing salt from water （
26、 D） iceberg floating 55 How do we measure the economic return to higher education? Typically it is calculated as the difference between average wages of college graduates and those who have not graduated from college. In 1997, for example, college graduates earned an average of $40, 508 versus just
27、$ 23, 970 for non-college graduates. Based on these income levels, the economic return to a college education is approximately 69 percent, the difference between the two income levels. But this simple calculation ignores the fact that college graduates tend to come from higher socioeconomic levels,
28、are more highly motivated, and probably have higher IQs than nongraduates. Although these factors influence incomes, they are not the result of college attendance. Therefore the result of the study is an overstatement of the returns to higher education. More sophisticated analyses adjust for these e
29、xtraneous influences. For instance economists Orley Ashenfelter and Alan Krueger, estimate that each year of post-high school education results in a wage premium of between 15 and 16 percent. Their study is particularly relevant because they examined the earnings differences for identical twins with
30、 different education levels, allowing them to control for genetic and socioeconomic factors. Other research puts the wagfe premium for college graduates at nearly 50 per cent. Unfortunately, you cant spend a college wage premium. Income levels for the average college graduate have stagnated. After a
31、djusting for inflation, the average income of college graduates holding full-time jobs rose by only 4. 4 per cent between 1979 and 1997, or at a minuscule annual rate of 0. 2 percent. At the same time, workers with only high-school degrees saw their real income plummet by 15 percent. Bottom line: th
32、e much-ballyhooed college wage “premium“ is due primarily to the fall in inflation-adjusted salaries of workers who havent been to college. In fact, if you dont go on to graduate school or are not among the top graduates at one of the nations elite colleges, chances are your sky-high tuition is buyi
33、ng you no economic advantage whatsoever. In recent decades the flood of graduates has been so great that an increasing proportion have found themselves, within a few years, working as sales clerks, cab drivers, and in other jobs that do not require a college degree. In 1995, approximately 40 percent
34、 of people with some college education and 10 percent of those with a college degree worked at jobs requiring only high-school skills. Thats up from 30 percent and 6 percent, respectively, in 1971. 56 The traditional calculation of the economic return to higher education is inaccurate because _. （ A
35、） it doesnt take into account the changing economic situations （ B） it involves small samples （ C） it failed to incorporate some aspects which themselves might have added to the earnings of college graduates （ D） it does not specify whether non-college graduates have high-school degrees 57 What does
36、 the author mean when he says “you cant spend a college wage premium“ (para. 3)? （ A） College graduates tend to stash money away. （ B） The economic returns for college graduates have decreased since 1979. （ C） The economic returns to higher education have not increased very much since 1979. （ D） Col
37、lege graduates could hardly earn enough to pay high living cost. 58 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） The economic return to higher education is lower by the more sophisticated analyses than by traditional methods. （ B） Results of analyses of college premium differ greatly. （ C） Be
38、tween 1979 and 1997, workers with only high-school degrees saw their real income fall. （ D） Graduates from graduate schools have the same economic returns as those from colleges. 59 According to the last paragraph, _. （ A） more and more people go to elite colleges （ B） tuition has started to decline
39、 （ C） there are too many college graduates （ D） the quality of college education has declined 60 Which of the following is the topic of the passage? （ A） Overestimated college premium. （ B） The payoffs of college education. （ C） The myths of college education. （ D） The decline of college education.
40、60 The “standard of living“ of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth“ in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money bu
41、t on things that money can buy: “goods “such as food and cloth-ing, and “services“ such as transport and entertainment. A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, su
42、ch as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favourable climate; other regions possess none of them. The USA is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural r
43、esources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy. Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country
44、to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numero
45、us skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help w
46、orkers to produce more goods in their working day. A countrys standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agri
47、cultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural product that would other wise be lacking. A countrys wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing c
48、apacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. 61 According to the author, a nations wealth depends upon_. （ A） its standard of living （ B） its money （ C） its ability to provide goods and services （ D） its ability to provide and transport and entertain 62 The b
49、est title for the passage would be_. （ A） The Wealth of a Country （ B） The Standard of Living （ C） The Natural Resources of a Country （ D） none of the above 63 The word “foremost“ most probably means_. （ A） firstly （ B） largely （ C） for the most part （ D） most importantly 64 The main idea of the second paragraph is that_. （ A） the USA is one of the richest countries in the world （ B） the Sahara Desert is a very poo
