1、中国人民大学考博英语模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her _ attitude toward customers. （ A） straightforward （ B） partial （ C） favourable （ D） hostile 2 With the joint effort of everyone, the plan is _ to succeed; Im sure of that. （ A） obviou
2、s （ B） bound （ C） doubtless （ D） necessary 3 Millions of tons of water are _ by a complex system of dykes. （ A） held up （ B） held on （ C） held out （ D） held back 4 The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax _ . （ A）
3、 privileges （ B） efficiency （ C） revenues （ D） validity 5 The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _ again next spring. （ A） convention （ B） conference （ C） session （ D） assembly 6 He told a story about his sister who was in a sad _ wh
4、en she was ill and had no money. （ A） plight （ B） polarization （ C） plague （ D） pigment 7 He added a _ to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm. （ A） presidency （ B） prestige （ C） postscript （ D） preliminary 8 This problem should be discussed first, for it takes _ over all the other
5、issues. （ A） precedence （ B） prosperity （ C） presumption （ D） probability 9 The _ of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance. （ A） segregation （ B） specification （ C） spectrum （ D） subscription 10 He cut the string and held up the two _ t
6、o tie the box. （ A） segments （ B） sediments （ C） seizures （ D） secretes 11 Business in this area has been _ because prices are too high. （ A） prosperous （ B） secretive （ C） slack （ D） shrill 12 Some linguists believe that the _ age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8. （ A） optimistic
7、（ B） optional （ C） optimal （ D） oppressed 13 Her sadness was obvious, but she believed that her feeling of depression was _ . （ A） torrent （ B） transient （ C） tensile （ D） textured 14 The unfortunate death of the genius poet caused _ loss to this country. （ A） priceless （ B） countless （ C） incalcula
8、ble （ D） imaginable 15 Before the disastrous earthquake there was _ chaos. （ A） massive （ B） ominous （ C） suspending （ D） imminent 16 The appearance of the used car is _ , its much newer than it really is. （ A） descriptive （ B） indicative （ C） deceptive （ D） impressive 17 I have to say this, but thi
9、s coat youve just bought is made of _ fur; its not real mink. （ A） coarse （ B） genuine （ C） slippery （ D） conscientiously 18 Its amazing that two researchers working independently made the same discovery _ . （ A） spontaneously （ B） simultaneously （ C） collaboratively （ D） conscientiously 19 Largely
10、due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works _ . （ A） industrially （ B） industriously （ C） consciously （ D） purposefully 20 She made two copies of this poem and posted them _ to different publishers. （ A） sensationally （ B） simultaneously （ C） str
11、enuously （ D） simply 21 The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income had increased _ ,and is continuing to increase. （ A） substantially （ B） successfully （ C） succinctly （ D） sufficiently 22 It is _ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him
12、 ever breathe a syllable of in his heating will remain forever unspoken. （ A） uncommunicatively （ B） acceptably （ C） tacitly （ D） taciturnly 23 Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so _ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe
13、. （ A） vociferously （ B） patriotically （ C） verbosely （ D） loquaciously 24 AIDS is causing great public concern because the _ fatal disease hits primarily young people. （ A） invariably （ B） imperatively （ C） transiently （ D） deceptively 25 Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves _
14、 know where to look. （ A） virtually （ B） initially （ C） invariably （ D） infinitely 26 These areas rely on agriculture almost _ , having few mineral recourses and a minimum of industrial development. （ A） respectively （ B） extraordinarily （ C） incredibly （ D） exclusively 27 This dictionary is _ inten
15、ded for American learners of Chinese. （ A） especially （ B） particularly （ C） specifically （ D） uniquely 28 on 9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him _ at the time and which later became material for his books. （ A） inadequately （ B） systematically （ C） profo
16、undly （ D） simultaneously 29 The food was divided _ according to the age and size of the child. （ A） equally （ B） individually （ C） sufficiently （ D） proportionally 30 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be _ controlled and modified. （ A） deliberatel
17、y （ B） consequently （ C） originally （ D） absolutely 31 Since she was alone, she opened the door _ , leaving the chain lock fastened. （ A） warily （ B） consciously （ C） audaciously （ D） recklessly 32 Scientists are _ certain that there is a cancer-inhibiting agent in the blood of the shark. （ A） dubio
18、usly （ B） virtually （ C） queerly （ D） randomly 33 In ancient times, some catastrophic extinction of species occurred _ . （ A） sequentially （ B） repeatedly （ C） naturally （ D） intentionally 34 The Olympic Games were watched by _ billions of people around the world. （ A） virtually （ B） literally （ C）
19、deliberately （ D） appropriately 35 Cant you speak more _ to your parents? （ A） respectably （ B） respectingly （ C） respectively （ D） respectfully 36 Some _ good luck brought us nothing but trouble. （ A） seemingly （ B） satisfactorily （ C） uniformly （ D） universally 37 It must guide public opinion, aft
20、er presenting _ both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number. （ A） inquisitively （ B） inconceivably （ C） appallingly （ D） impartially 38 The republication of the poets most recent works will certainly _ his national reput
21、ation. （ A） magnify （ B） strengthen （ C） enlarge （ D） enhance 39 The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemists. （ A） each （ B） some （ C） certain （ D） any 40 You cannot be _ careful when you drive a car. （ A） very （ B） so （ C） too （ D） enough 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 In The Birt
22、h order Book: Why You Are the Way You Are(2004), Dr. Kevin Leman notes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children. More than half of United States presidents have been first-borns or first-born boys. Its a pretty significant finding historically, because famili
23、es used to be bigger than they are today. In addition to being high achievers, older children also generally have higher IQs (智商 ) than younger ones. Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has, the lower each childs individual IQ tends to be. They give a few reasons for this. Parents onl
24、y have so much time, attention, and money. The more kids they have, the more these things are divided. First-borns initially get the entire parental-time pie. Whats more, the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby. So the younger ones are surrounded by more childrens language on ave
25、rage than the older kids. Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality birth-order differences. In his book Born to Rebel, psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dads attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and, in fact has shaped history.
26、 He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad. Younger siblings (兄弟姐妹 ) tend to become rebels. Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their firstborn peers. The conclusion of his book is that
27、 sibling competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution. Thomas Jefferson, Karl Marx, and Fidel Castro were all younger siblings, for example. As compelling as this all is, its also something we should probably take with caution, there are other things that h
28、appen to us in life besides the addition of siblings to our families. A parent can die; a hurricane can leave us homeless; we can catch a life-threatening disease. Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presence of siblings. A 2002 study bore this
29、out. After interviewing 535 undergraduates, researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were “folklore“, although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research. 41 What is implied by “the younger ones are surrounded by more childrens language on avera
30、ge than the older kids“ (Para. 3) ? （ A） Younger children need parental rather than siblings attention. （ B） Younger children need siblings rather than parental attention. （ C） Younger children feel uncomfortable with more siblings. （ D） Younger children have less chance to talk with their parents.
31、42 Sulloway, author of Born to Rebel, suggests that younger siblings _ . （ A） try hard to get attention from their parents （ B） are less likely to shape history （ C） are winners in getting parental attention （ D） seldom adapt their personalities 43 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor
32、 shaping personality? （ A） Death of a parent. （ B） Childrens language. （ C） A natural disaster. （ D） A fatal disease. 44 What is the meaning of“ folklore“ in the last paragraph? （ A） Traditional customs and beliefs. （ B） Verified hypotheses. （ C） Widely held unsupported notions. （ D） Tales of saying
33、s preserved orally. 45 Which of the following statements is proposed by researchers? （ A） Later-borns do not compete for attention. （ B） First-bores tend to become rebels. （ C） Later-borns are prone to diseases. （ D） First-borns achieve more than younger ones. 45 Does money buy happiness? Its someti
34、mes said that scientists have found no relationship between money and happiness, but thats myth, says University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener. The connection is complex. In fact, very rich people rate substantially higher in satisfaction with life than very poor people do, even within wealthy
35、nations, he says. “There is overwhelming evidence that money buys happiness, “said economist Andrew Oswald of University of Warwick in England. The main debate, he said, is how strong the effect is. Oswald recently reported a study of Britons who won between $ 2, 000 and $ 250, 000 in a lottery (彩票拍
36、奖 ). As a group, they showed a boost in happiness averaging a bit more than one point on a 36-point scale when surveyed two years after their win, compared to their levels two years before they won. Daniel Kahnman, a Nobel-Prize winner and Princeton economist, and colleagues, recently declared that
37、the notion that making a lot of money will produce good overall mood is“ mostly illusory“. They noted that in one study, members of the high-income group were almost twice as likely to call themselves“ very happy“ as people from households with incomes below $ 20, 000. But other studies, rather than
38、 asking for a summary estimate of happiness, follow people through the day and repeatedly record their feeling. These studies show less effect of income on happiness. Kahnman and colleagues said. There is still another twist to the money-happiness story. Even though people who make $ 150, 000 are co
39、nsiderably happier than those who make $ 40, 000 ,Its not clear why, says psychologist Richard E. Lucas of Michigan State University. Researchers conclude that any effect of money on happiness is smaller than most daydreamers assume. “People exaggerate how much happiness is bought by an extra few th
40、ousand,“ Oswald said. “The quality of relationships has a far bigger effect than quite large rises in salary. Its much better advice, if youre looking for happiness in life, try to find the right husband or wife than to try to double your salary.“ 46 The main purpose of this passage is to discuss _
41、. （ A） the contributions of household incomes to happiness （ B） the complex relationship between money and happiness （ C） the positive relationship between money and happiness （ D） the negative relations of money to happiness 47 Andrew Oswalds study _ . （ A） proves money has little effect on happine
42、ss （ B） given evidence that money buys happiness （ C） rejects the relation between money buys happiness （ D） shows that lottery brings people happiness 48 The word“ illusory“ (Para 4) is closest in meaning to “_“. （ A） dramatic （ B） ordinary （ C） drastic （ D） imaginary 49 According to Lucas, richer
43、peoples happiness _ . （ A） comes form their high income （ B） may not be directly related to their high income （ C） is boosted by their high income （ D） is not derived from their high income 50 According to Oswald, a more important factor in bringing about happiness may be good _ . （ A） health （ B） f
44、eelings （ C） marriage （ D） salaries 50 When Frank Dale took over as publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner, the organization had just ended a ten-year strike. There was much bitterness and, as he told us. himself to everybody, to thank them for their loyalty to that point, and to allow them to ex
45、press their concerns and frustrations. To questions like “What makes you think you can make this thing go?“ he responded, “I dont know yet, but in thirty days Ill come back to you and let you know what Ive found. “He recruited a task force of the best people from throughout the Hearst Corporation to
46、 do a crash study, and in thirty days he had a written report on what needed to be done, which he shared with the staff. He had taken the all-important first steps to establish mutual trust, without which leadership would not have been possible. Trust is the emotional glue that binds followers and l
47、eaders together. The accumulation of trust is a measure of the legitimacy of leadership. It cannot be demanded or purchased; it must be earned. Trust is the basic ingredient of all organizations, the lubrication that maintains the organization, and it is as mysterious and difficult a concept as lead
48、ership-and as important. one thing we can say for sure about trust is that if trust is to be generated, there must be predictability, the capacity to predict anothers behavior. Another way of putting it is to say that organizations without trust would resemble the ambiguous nightmare of Kafkas The C
49、astle, where nothing can be certain and nobody can be relied on or be held responsible. The ability to predict outcomes with s high probability of success generates and maintaining trust. 51 What was Frank Dates problem when he became the publisher of Los Angeles Herrald-Examiner? （ A） He had lost interest in his publishing career
