1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 147及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)I
2、was sure that I had found at last the one true cosmopolite since Adam, and I listened to his worldwide discourse fearful lest I should discover in it the local note of the mere globe-trotter. But his opinions never fluttered or drooped: he was as impartial to cities, countries and continents as the
3、winds or gravitation. And as E. Rushmore Coglan prattled of this little planet I thought with glee of a great almost-cosmopolite who wrote for the whole world and dedicated himself to Bombay. In a poem he has to say that there is pride and rivalry between the cities of the earth, and that “the men t
4、hat breed from them, they traffic up and down, but cling to their cities hem as a child to the mothers gown. “ And whenever they walk “by roaring streets unknown“ they remember their native city “most faithful, foolish, fond: making her mere-breathed name their bond upon their bond. “ And my glee wa
5、s roused because I had caught Mr. Kipling napping. Here I had found a man not made from dust: one who had no narrow boasts of birthplace or country, one who, if he bragged at all, would brag of his whole round globe against the Martians and the inhabitants of the Moon. (2)Expression on these subject
6、s was precipitated from E. Rushmore Coglan by the third corner to our table. While Coglan was describing to me the topography along the Siberian Railway the orchestra glided into a medley. The concluding air was “Dixie“, and as the exhilarating notes tumbled forth they were almost overpowered by a g
7、reat clapping of hands from almost every table. I hastened to ask him a question because I wanted to try out a theory I had. (3)“Would you mind telling me,“ I began, “whether you are from“ (4)The fist of E. Rushmore Coglan banged the table and I was jarred into silence. (5)“Excuse me,“ said he, “but
8、 thats a question I never like to hear asked. What does it matter where a man is from? Is it fair to judge a man by his post-office address? Why, Ive seen Kentuckians who hated whiskey, Virginians who werent descended from Pocahontas, Indianians who hadnt written a novel, Mexicans who didnt wear vel
9、vet trousers with silver dollars sewed along the seams, funny Englishmen, spendthrift Yankees, cold-blooded Southerners, narrow-minded Westerners, and New Yorkers who were too busy to stop for an hour on the street to watch a one-armed grocers clerk do up cranberries in paper bags. Let a man be a ma
10、n and dont handicap him with the label of any section. “ (6)“ Pardon me,“ I said, “ but my curiosity was not altogether an idle one. I know the South, and when the band plays Dixie I like to observe. I have formed the belief that the man who applauds that air with special violence and ostensible sec
11、tional loyalty is invariably a native of either Secaucus, N. J. , or the district between Murray Hill Lyceum and the Harlem River, this city. I was about to put my opinion to the test by inquiring of this gentleman when you interrupted with your ownlarger theory, I must confess. “ (7)“Ive been aroun
12、d the world twelve times,“ said he. “ Its a mighty little old world. Whats the use of bragging about being from the North, or the South, or the old manor house in the dale, or Euclid avenue, Cleveland, or Pikes Peak, or Fairfax County, Va. , or Hooligans Flats or any place? Itll be a better world wh
13、en we quit being fools about some mildewed town or ten acres of swampland just because we happened to be born there. “ (8)“You seem to be a genuine cosmopolite,“ I said admiringly. “But it also seems that you would decry patriotism. “ (9)“A relic of the stone age,“ declared Coglan, warmly. “We are a
14、ll brothersChinamen, Englishmen, Zulus, Patagonians and the people in the bend of the Kaw River. Some day all this petty pride in ones city or State or section or country will be wiped out, and well all be citizens of the world, as we ought to be. “ (10)“But while you are wandering in foreign lands,
15、“ I persisted, “do not your thoughts revert to some spot some dear and“ (11)“Nary a spot,“ interrupted E. R. Coglan, flippantly. “The terrestrial, globular, planetary hunk of matter, slightly flattened at the poles, and known as the Earth, is my abode. Im not tied down to anything that isnt 8,000 mi
16、les in diameter. Just put me down as E. Rushmore Coglan, citizen of the terrestrial sphere. “ (12)My cosmopolite made a large adieu and left me, for he thought he saw someone through the chatter and smoke whom he knew. I sat reflecting upon my evident cosmopolite and wondering how the poet had manag
17、ed to miss him. He was my discovery and I believed in him. How was it? “The men that breed from them they traffic up and down, but cling to their cities hem as a child to the mothers gown. “ Not so E. Rushmore Coglan. With the whole world for his (13)My meditations were interrupted by a tremendous n
18、oise and conflict in another part of the cafe. I saw above the heads of the seated patrons E. Rushmore Coglan and a stranger to me engaged in terrific battle. They fought between the tables like Titans, and glasses crashed, and men caught their hats up and were knocked down, and a brunette screamed,
19、 and a blonde began to sing “Teasing“. (14)My cosmopolite was sustaining the pride and reputation of the Earth when the waiters closed in on both combatants with their famous flying wedge formation and bore them outside, still resisting. (15)I called McCarthy, one of the French garcons, and asked hi
20、m the cause of the conflict. (16)“ The man with the red tie(that was my cosmopolite)“ , said he, “ got hot on account of things said about the bum sidewalks and water supply of the place he come from by the other guy. “ (17)“Why,“said I, bewildered, “that man is a citizen of the worlda cosmopolite.
21、He“ (18)“Originally from Mattawamkeag, Maine,“ he said, continued McCarthy, “and he wouldnt stand for no knockin the place. “ 1 It can be inferred from Para. 1 that Mr. Kipling may_. （ A） be against arrogance and competition （ B） have travelled all around the world （ C） regard it hard to find a true
22、 cosmopolite （ D） never have boasted of his own home town 2 How did Mr. Coglan feel about “my“ question about where he came from? （ A） Astonished. （ B） Enthusiastic. （ C） Humiliated. （ D） Frightened. 3 What may Mr. Coglan think of the patriotism “I“ mentioned? （ A） It is behind the times. （ B） It sh
23、ould be cherished. （ C） It is hard to forget. （ D） It doesnt exist at all. 4 The conflict between Mr. Coglan and the man reveals_. （ A） that Mr. Coglan deeply resented his home town （ B） what Mr. Coglan did and said was contradictory （ C） how Mr. Coglan would defend his own dignity （ D） why Mr. Cogl
24、an was so opposed to localism 5 The author winded up the story with a tone of_. （ A） humor （ B） approval （ C） sincerity （ D） satire 5 (1)Britains economy will lose momentum this year amid squeezed living standards and uncertainty over Brexit and the inconclusive election result, leading ratings agen
25、cies have predicted. (2)Moodys said the qualms about talks in Brussels and the minority government have increased the U. K. s political and financial risks. Analysts at the ratings agency said the U. K. economy has started to slow and they expect it to weaken considerably throughout the rest of the
26、year, adding that it was unclear if the government could deliver a “reasonably good“ Brexit deal. (3)Moodys said the government appeared to be pursuing objectives pointing towards a hard exit and said growth prospects over the medium term could be “materially weaker“ if the U. K. fails to sign a tra
27、de deal allowing access to the single market. Kathrin Muehlbronner, a senior vice president at Moodys, said: “The likelihood of an abruptand damaging exitwith no agreement and reversion to World Trade Organization trading rules has increased compared to our expectation after the referendum, with the
28、 government so far pursuing objectives that imply a hard exit. “ (4)Weaker public finances could lead to a “further delay in reversing the rising tend of public debt“, the agency warned in a report. However, it said the Bank of Englands credibility should ensure financial stability, with exchange ra
29、te flexibility giving support for exports. (5)Another ratings agency, Standard & Poors, also predicted a fall in the U. K. s growth ratefrom 1.8% in 2016 to 1.4% in 2017 and 0.8% in 2018adding that the outlook might be even worse if the Brexit talks between Britain and the EU go badly. (6)Despite sp
30、eculation of an increase in interest rates from the Bank of England next month, S & P said the weakness of the economy would result in borrowing costs being left on hold at 0.25% for another two years. S & Ps senior economist, Boris Glass, said: “Given demand weakness, the temporary nature of import
31、ed inflation, moderate domestic wage pressures, and Brexit uncertainties, we expect the Bank of Englands current ultra-accommodative stance to continue over the medium term and expect a first rate hike to occur only in mid-2019. “ (7)S&P said the better-than-predicted performance of the economy in 2
32、016 had been the result of “extraordinarily robust consumer spending“ but added that the pressure on households from prices rising more rapidly than wages was likely to persist for the rest of 2017 and into 2018. (8)Figures due out on Wednesday will show whether the lowest unemployment since the 197
33、0s has started to have an upward effect on earnings, which are currently growing by just over 2% a year. Inflation as measured by the consumer prices index is running at 2.9% , while the retail prices index is 3. 7% . (9)The depreciation of the pound would make U. K. exports more competitive but wou
34、ld only add between 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points to growth from 2017 to 2020. S&P said a study of the data showed that some U. K. exporters had taken advantage of the fall in sterling to raise their prices rather than to break into new markets. The agency said that while the price increases were to
35、 some extent a matter of choice, they were likely to have been necessary for firms that relied on imports which had become more expensive as a result of the falling exchange rate. With firms making Brexit contingency plans, investment was being shelved rather than given the go-ahead. (10)“Our foreca
36、sts for slower growth are subject to considerable downside risks, stemming mainly from Brexit uncertainties,“ Glass said. “ For example, the staging of the negotiations, with the divorce settlement being negotiated before any future relationship with the EU is addressed, means that should the separa
37、tion negotiations stall, there would be less time left for negotiating the future trade relationship, risking a cliff edge. “ In general, should negotiations stall for an extended period, this could translate into a further significant depreciation of sterling and a consequent rise in inflation. “ (
38、11)Ben Broadbent, one of the Bank of Englands deputy governors, said a sharp drop in U. K. trade with the EU after Brexit would be bad for the economy. In a speech in Aberdeen that focused on the benefits of international trade, Broadbent said: “Put simply, a significant curtailment of trade with Eu
39、rope would force the U. K. to shift away from producing things its been relatively good at, and therefore export to the EU, and towards the things it currently imports and is relatively less good at. “ (12)A number of MPC membersincluding the governor, Mark Carney, and the Banks chief economist, And
40、y Haldanehave given their views on the outlook for borrowing costs in recent months. Broadbent voted for official interest rates to remain on hold at the MPCs last meeting in June and his failure to mention monetary policy was seen by the City as a sign that he will vote the same way again in August
41、. The pound fell slightly after Broadbents speech and closed in London at $ 1.2850. 6 Which of the following points of view may accord with that of Moodys? （ A） The living standards in Britain have kept on rising. （ B） Brexit exerts pressure upon the British government. （ C） It is believed that Brus
42、sels talks will break down. （ D） Britains economy will slow down in a certain time. 7 The figures in Para. 8 are cited to_. （ A） explain the relation between price and wage （ B） contrast economic prediction with performance （ C） support S & Ps view on the U. K. s economic condition （ D） educe a disc
43、ussion about the pound depreciation 8 We can infer from the last two paragraphs(Para. 11 and Para. 12)that Ben Broadbent_. （ A） predicted a sharp economic downturn （ B） analyzed the prospect of the U. K. s manufacturing （ C） disagreed with the opinions of Mark Carney （ D） will go on remaining intere
44、st rates on hold 9 Which of the following relations is repeatedly touched upon by those mentioned economists and agencies? （ A） the U. K. s economy and Brexit. （ B） Bank credibility and financial stability. （ C） Interest rates and exports. （ D） Inflation and price increases. 9 (1)For some women, enr
45、olling in an engineering course is like running a psychological gauntlet. If they dodge overt problems like sexual harassment, sexist jokes, or poor treatment from professors, they often still have to evade subtler obstacles like the implicit tendency to see engineering as a male discipline. Its no
46、wonder women in the U. S. hold just 13 to 22 percent of the doctorates in engineering, compared to an already-low 33 percent in the sciences as a whole. (2)Nilanjana Dasgupta, from the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, thinks that mentorspeople who can give advice, share experiences, or make s
47、ocial connectionscan dismantle the gauntlet, and help young women to find their place in an often hostile field. (3)In a year-long studyone of the strongest yet to look at the value of mentorshipDasgupta showed that female engineering undergraduates who are paired with a female mentor felt more moti
48、vated, more self-assured, and less anxious than those who had either no mentor or a male one. They were less likely to drop out of their courses, and keener to look for engineering jobs after they graduated. “Often, science is messy and things dont turn out neatly,“ Dasgupta says. But in this study,
49、 “it was very gratifying how clean the results were. “ (4)She sees mentors as “social vaccines. “ Just as medical vaccines prepare the immune system to deal with infections, good mentors inoculate the mind against the stultifying effects of negative stereotypes. “And this study isnt just about women,“ adds Radhika Nagpal, from Harvard University. “Its about all the groups who have been historically and legally excluded, and are now slowly entering a world from which their members were
