1、专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 112及答案与解析 SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 0 (1)Im
2、agine yourself lying in bed, your mind in turmoil. You toss and turn, but sleep wont come. Maybe a bedtime snack would help. What should you choose? If you think first of toaster waffles or popcorn, some experts would say youre on the right track. Foods high in complex carbohydratessuch as cereals,
3、potatoes, pasta, crackers, or rice cakesmake many people relaxed and drowsy. (2)Missed that one? Try again. Suppose the weathers rotten, you forgot your homework, and your best friends mad at you. Whats good medicine when youre feeling low? A sugary cola or candy may give you a quick lift, but youll
4、 crash just as quickly. Better choices may be Brazil nuts(for selenium), skim milk(for calcium), or a spinach salad(for folic acid). In research studies, all three of those nutrients have been shown to lift spirits and battle the blues. (3)Try one more. You have a math test coming up in the afternoo
5、n. You want to be sharp, but you usually feel sleepy after lunch. Is your best choice an energy fix of fries and a shake or a broiled chicken breast and low-fat yogurt? If you pick the high-fat fries and shake, you may feel sluggish and blow that test. The protein-rich chicken and yogurt are better
6、choices. Protein foods energize, some experts say. (4)How does food affect mood and mind? The answer may lie in the chemistry of the brain and nervous system. Molecules called neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. They carry a nerve impulse across the gap between nerve cells. The release of neu
7、rotransmitter molecules from one neuron and their attachment to receptor sites on another keep a nerve impulse moving. (5)Nerve impulses carry messages from the environment to the brain, for example, the pain you feel when you stub your toe. They also carry messages in the other direction, from the
8、brain to the muscles. Thats why you back away from the obstacle that initiated the pain signal and exclaim, “Ouch! “ (6)“Many neurotransmitters are built from the foods we eat,“ says neuroscientist Eric Chudler of the University of Washington. Too little or too much of a particular nutrient in the d
9、iet can affect their production, Chudler says. For example, tryptophan from foods such as yogurt, milk, bananas, and eggs is required for the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Phenylalanine from beets, almonds, eggs, meat, and grains goes into making the neurotransmitter dopamine. (7)Doz
10、ens of neurotransmitters are known; hundreds may exist. Their effects depend on their amounts and where they work in the brain. The neurotransmitter serotonin, for example, is thought to produce feelings of calmness, relaxation, and contentment. Drugs that prevent its reuptake(into the neuron that r
11、eleased it)are prescribed to treat depression. In at least some healthy, non-depressed people, carbohydrate foods seem to enhance serotonin production and produce similar effects. “It is the balance between different neurotransmitters that helps regulate mood,“ Chudler says. (8)Proper nutrition may
12、also enhance brainpower. Choline is a substance similar to the B vitamins. Its found in egg yolks, whole wheat, peanuts, milk, green peas, liver, beans, seafood, and soybeans. The brain uses it to make the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. To test the effects of choline on memory and learning, researc
13、hers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology gave memory tests to college students before increasing the amount of choline in their subjects diets. Later, they retested. On the average, memories were better, and the students learned a list of unrelated words more easily. (9)“Were just scratchin
14、g the surface in this field,“ says Larry Christensen, a psychologist at the University of South Alabama, “but we know that there are definite behavioral effects of diet.“ Theres a lot to learn, and future research may reveal more about the chemistry of mood, brain, and nutrition. Until then, it make
15、s sense to choose healthy foods that nourish both body and mind. 1 According to the passage, _ might be the best food choice when one feels nervous and wants to fall asleep. （ A） candy （ B） spaghetti （ C） Brazil nuts （ D） yogurt 2 Which of the following is NOT true about neurotransmitters, according
16、 to the passage? （ A） Many of them are built from what we eat. （ B） The amount of particular nutrients affects their production. （ C） Hundreds of them are already known. （ D） Their effects depend on their amount others count security as an ordinary business expense. The Securities and Exchange Commi
17、ssion considers security at an executives residence or during personal travel a perquisite that should be disclosed if the value reaches a certain threshold. (6)Corporate spending on CEO security may be more prevalent man the survey indicates. Bob Duggan, president of Executive Security Internationa
18、l, a training firm in Aspen, Colo., figures at least 75 American CEOs have round-the-clock protection, three times as many as a decade ago. (7)The biggest spender in Redas study was Oracle Corp. The software maker paid about $1.7 million in the year ended May 31, 2007, mainly for guards at residence
19、s of Lawrence Ellison, its billionaire CEO and founder. Board members support the outlays because hes so important to Oracle, the latest proxy states. It also says Mr. Ellison paid to install and maintain his home-security systems. Oracle declined to comment. (8)Next up was Limited Brands Inc., whic
20、h spent $1.25 million in the year ended Feb. 2 to protect CEO Leslie Wexner, who founded the Columbus, Ohio, retailer in 1963. The total includes an unspecified amount for his personal use of corporate aircraft, which the company requires. (9)Limiteds proxy lacks other details, but people familiar w
21、ith the situation say the tab covers security for Mr. Wexners 22,371-square-foot home on a 300-acre estate in nearby New Albany, as well as for other homes and a yacht. The proxy says directors approved the spending because of “the risks associated with Mr. Wexners role and position.“ The executive,
22、 a prominent Jewish philanthropist, “has been the target of specific threats,“ an informed individual says. Founder CEOs often become targets of specific threats identified with their religion, the person said. Mr. Wexner declined to comment. (10)Such justifications for shelling out big bucks to pro
23、tect corporate chiefs dont sway some activist investors. “Security has become a convenient excuse for getting shareholders to pick up the cost for the CEOs lifestyle,“ complains Richard Ferlauto, director of corporate governance and pension investment at the American Federation of State, County and
24、Municipal Employees. (11)Other retailers dont spend as much. Macys Inc. reported spending $86,956 during the year ended Feb. 2 to protect CEO Terry J. Lundgren. The amount covers a specially equipped SUV driven by a security professional for his commute, personal use and certain business trips. “The
25、 benefit, recommended by a consultant, ensures the safety of Mr. Lundgren, who maintains a significant public role,“ the Cincinnati retailer says in its proxy. (12)Six companies that reported spending on CEO security in 2006 didnt divulge any expense last year, Reda found. They include International
26、 Paper Co., whose directors spent $52,000 in 2006 to install a home-security system for CEO John V. Faraci after the companys headquarters moved to Memphis, Tenn. Mr. Faraci pays for the ongoing monitoring, spokeswoman Patty Neuhoff says. 11 The difference in security spending for big-company CEOs i
27、s due to all of the following factors EXCEPT _. （ A） risk evaluations by security advisers （ B） the term of office of a CEO （ C） companys involvement in high-risk regions （ D） the nature of the company 12 According to description in the passage, we learn that _. （ A） security spending has almost bee
28、n like an arms race （ B） most companies reported security expenses to protect their CEOs （ C） more CEOs nowadays are enjoying round-the-clock protection （ D） over half of the companies specified an amount of the security spending 13 According to the passage, the risks that a CEO might face are assoc
29、iated with all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） the CEOs role （ B） the CEOs position （ C） CEOs religious belief （ D） CEOs political belief 14 Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? （ A） Companies security spending on their CEOs correlates with their business size. （ B） Increasi
30、ng security spending reveals the importance of a CEO to a company. （ C） Security spending has become an ordinary business expense for some companies. （ D） Founder CEOs often face specific threats that are brought about by religious issues. SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS In this section there are e
31、ight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided. 14 PASSAGE ONE 15 What does the phrase “battle the blues“ in the second paragraph mean? 16 What kind of foods can make one feel more determined and energetic? 17 What
32、is the main idea of this passage? 18 PASSAGE TWO 18 What was the goal of Dr. Pagels study about language evolution? 18 PASSAGE THREE 19 Why was the author in low mood in winter? 20 What was crocus viewed as by the author? 20 PASSAGE FOUR 21 What was the extra benefit Valero workers share with their CEO? 22 What does the word “sway“ in the 10th paragraph mean? 专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷 112答案与解析
