1、专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷 276 及答案与解析 一、 PART III LANGUAGE USAGE 0 With the effects of globalization, increases in technology and the pace of life invade more and more areas of everyday life, and free-time has become an increasing precious and important resource.【 S1】 _ For those pursuing leisure lifestyles der
2、iving from consuming the【 S2】 _ “riches“ of the leisure market and for those who are experiencing a shortage of free timea “ time squeeze“ leisure may offer many benefits but also some costs. For the growing number of people looking forward to abundance free time in retirement and for the【 S3】 _ inc
3、reasing number of young people who are experiencing reduced activity levels, and problems of overweight and reduced fitness, leisure has never been vital for ensuring individual and social health【 S4】 _ and well-being. At the macro level, the social, cultural, environmental health and economic signi
4、ficance of leisure and events have been increased【 S5】 _ in New Zealand and around the world. Leisure and events and areas that address these phenomenon, including play, recreation, the【 S6】 _ arts, sport, festivals, celebrations, health and fitness, outdoor recreation, parks, entertainment and tour
5、ism, are important aspects of modern life and providing for these are an increasingly significant【 S7】 _ feature in modern economies. They can play a vital part in enhancing social capital and quality of lives.【 S8】 _ This research theme has been established to farther knowledge【 S9】 _ and understan
6、ding of the ways of leisure and events, and their associated forms, contributing to individual and social health and well-being, quality of life and social, cultural, environmental and economic development. Better knowledge of these broad phenomena will inform policies to maximize the benefits and m
7、inimize the costs associated to the production and consumption of leisure and events.【 S10】 _ 1 【 S1】 2 【 S2】 3 【 S3】 4 【 S4】 5 【 S5】 6 【 S6】 7 【 S7】 8 【 S8】 9 【 S9】 10 【 S10】 10 We know that it is impossible to set up a limited number of types that would do full justice to the peculiarities of thou
8、sands of【 S1】 _ languages and dialects spoken on the surface of the earth. Like all human institutions, speech is too variable and too elusive to be quite safely ticketed. Even if we operate with a minutely subdivided scale of types, we may be quite certain that many of our languages will need trim
9、before they fit. To get them into the scheme at all it will【 S2】 _ be necessary to underestimate the significance of this or that feature【 S3】 _ or to ignore, for the time being, certain contradictions in their mechanism. It would be too easy to relieve ourselves from the burden of constructional th
10、inking and to take the standpoint that【 S4】 _ each language has its unique history, therefore its unique structure. Such a standpoint expresses only a half truth. Just as similar social, economic, and religious institutions have grown up in different parts of the world from distinct historical antec
11、edents, so also languages, travel along different roads, have tended to converge toward similar【 S5】 _ forms. Moreover, the historical study of language has proven to us beyond all doubt that a language changes not only gradually but consistently, that it moves unconsciously from one type towards ot
12、hers, and that analogous trends are observable in remote quarters【 S6】 _ of the globe. From this it follows that broadly similar study must not【 S7】 _ have been reached by unrelated languages, independently and frequently. In assuming the existence of comparable types, however,【 S8】 _ we are not den
13、ying the individuality of all historical processes; we are merely affirming that back of the face of history is powerful drifts【 S9】 _ that move language, like other social products, to balance patterns.【 S10】 _ 11 【 S1】 12 【 S2】 13 【 S3】 14 【 S4】 15 【 S5】 16 【 S6】 17 【 S7】 18 【 S8】 19 【 S9】 20 【 S1
14、0】 20 In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads counted【 S1】 _ for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers are
15、 completed, just four railroads will【 S2】 _ control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.【 S3】 _ Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is r
16、emoved by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that as heavy【 S4】 _ bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals and grain, trucking is too cost and the railroads therefore have them【 S5】 _ by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry mea
17、ns that the【 S6】 _ most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive“ shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers whom feel they are being overcharged have the right to【 S7】 _ appeal for the feder
18、al governments Surface Transportation Board for【 S8】 _ rate relief, and the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will【 S9】 _ work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers in【 S10】 _ the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If
19、 railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 21 【 S1】 22 【 S2】 23 【 S3】 24 【 S4】 25 【 S5】 26 【 S6】 27 【 S7】 28 【 S8】 29 【 S9】 30 【 S10】 专业英语八级（改错）模拟 试卷 276 答案与解析
