1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 310及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 A Short History of the Origins and Development of English I. Origins dated back to【 T1】 _ of three Germanic tribes:【 T1】 _ the
3、 Angles,【 T2】 _ and the Jutes.【 T2】 _ II. Development of English A. Old English 1. much more highly inflected【 T3】 _ than Middle English【 T3】 _ 2. consists of most【 T4】 _ words and some borrowed ones【 T4】 _ B. Middle English 1. French words were【 T5】 _ the vocabulary【 T5】 _ 2. much change on grammar
4、 and【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ C. Early Modern English 1. elimination of a vowel sound in certain【 T7】 _positions【 T7】 _ 2. the Great Vowel Shift 3. invention of printing: 1)common language appearing【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ 2)bringing【 T9】 _ to English【 T9】 _ 4. a period of English Renaissance: borrowing words from Frenc
5、h ,Latin, Greek D. Late Modern English two principal factors【 T10】 _ more words:【 T10】 _ 1. the Industrial Revolution and technology 2.【 T11】 _ foreign words from many countries【 T11】 _ III. Main influencing factors on the varieties of English A. the English【 T12】 _ of North America【 T12】 _ example:
6、 trash for rubbish:【 T13】 _ for lend etc.【 T13】 _ B.【 T14】 _ words like canyon, ranch, stampede etc.【 T14】 _ C. French words D.【 T15】 _ words【 T15】 _ 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIE
7、W In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the paus
8、e, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） She once tried to adopt a child there. （ B） She wanted to continue her career in Africa. （ C） She shared something in common
9、with them. （ D） She believed in salvation through faith and work. （ A） She lost both of her parents. （ B） She was ill-treated by her stepmother. （ C） She was on the verge of collapse as a motherless child. （ D） She was adopted by her relatives. （ A） Madonna has no idea why people could be so cynical
10、. （ B） Madonna may not be a good foster parent in the public eye. （ C） Madonnas house had collapsed when she was a child. （ D） Madonnas family was very poor when she was a little girl. （ A） Having children and a family. （ B） Going through some tragedies. （ C） Being challenged to open up minds. （ D）
11、Experiencing too much. （ A） People appreciate others being cynical. （ B） People are more generous and unselfish than before. （ C） Shes not so open-minded as people around her. （ D） Its natural that peoples charity efforts are being doubted. （ A） He was an adopted child. （ B） He was 18 months old whe
12、n adopted. （ C） He was too naughty to be put up with. （ D） He became a foster parent eventually. （ A） To insure that she is a good parent. （ B） To insure that she is in good health. （ C） To conduct psychological evaluations on David. （ D） To advise her to donate some money. （ A） Being open-minded. （
13、 B） Having a joyful life. （ C） Becoming tender and soft. （ D） Willingness to suffer for the things one love. （ A） She cant bear the quite life. （ B） She enjoys being followed by her fans. （ C） She wants to be distinctive. （ D） She wishes that she was someone else. （ A） To gain worldwide fame and ear
14、n a lot of money. （ B） To follow her heart and do what she wants to. （ C） To fully tap her potential and protect the earth. （ D） To sing much more fantastic songs for her fans. 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 310答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture
15、 ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have
16、THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力原文】 A Short History of the Origins and Development of English Good morning, everyone. Today, I am going to talk about the origins and development of English language. The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Ger
17、manic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and
18、 north by the invaders mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from an angle-shaped land area and their language was called Englisc from which the words England and English are derived. Generally speaking, the history of the language is divided in to three: Old English,
19、Middle English, Modern English. In some books, Modern English is divided into two Early Modern and Late Modem English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. It had some sounds which we dont have now. I
20、n grammar, Old English was much more highly inflected than Middle English because there were case endings for nouns, more person and number endings of words and a more complicated pronoun systems as well as various endings for adjectives. In vocabulary, Old English is also quite different from Middl
21、e English. Most of the Old English words are native English which werent borrowed from other languages. On the other hand, Old English contains borrowed words coming from Norse and Latin. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words, be
22、, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. Now lets come to the Middle English. In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy which is part of modern France, invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors called the Normans brought wi
23、th them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain ag
24、ain, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer. Middle English was still a Germanic language but it is different from Old English in many ways. Grammar and the sound system changed a good deal. People started to rely more
25、on word order and structure words to express their meaning rather than the use of case system. “This can be called as a simplification but it is not exactly. Languages dont become simpler, they merely exchange one kind of complexity for another“, Clark and Eschholz says. Middle English would still b
26、e difficult for native English speakers to understand today. Following up is the early Modern English. Towards the end of Middle English, English underwent a couple of sound changes. One change was the elimination of a vowel sound in certain unstressed positions at the end of the words. The change w
27、as important because it effected thousands of words and gave a different aspect to the whole language. The other change is what is called the Great Vowel Shift. This was a systematic shifting of half a dozen vowels and diphthongs in stressed syllables. These two changes produced the basic difference
28、s between Middle English and Modern English. But there are several other developments that effected the language. One was the invention of printing. It was introduced to England by William Caxton in 1475. The invention of printing meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became che
29、aper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published. From the 16th century the British had cont
30、act with many peoples from around the world. Many new words and phrases entered the language. The period of Early Modern English was also a period of English Renaissance, which means the development of the people. New ideas increased. English language had grown as a result of borrowing words from Fr
31、ench, Latin, Greek. Next, lets talk about the Late Modern English. The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for
32、 new words: secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earths surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries. Now Id like to briefly introduce to you varieties of English. From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in
33、the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze“ when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms“ are in fact or
34、iginal British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. For example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn: another example, frame-up was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies. Spanish also had an influence
35、 on American English and subsequently British English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words through Louisiana and West African words through the slave trade also influenced
36、 American English and so, to an extent, British English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USAs dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology including the Internet. But there are many other varieties of English around the world, such as Australia
37、n English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English. To conclude, English mainly underwent three periods of development. Hope all of you have enjoyed this lecture. Thank you. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 the arrival 【试题解析】 这篇讲座的主题是 “the origins and dev
38、elopment of English(英语的起源与发展 )”。讲座一开始便指出英语的历史开始于三个日耳曼部落的到来。因此答案为 the arrival。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 the Saxons 【试题解析】 三个日耳曼部落分别是盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人，此空应填入the Saxons。表示并列、举例的词句应重点记录。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 in grammar 【试题解析】 古英语是英语发展的第一个阶段，讲座主要从语法和词汇两方面讲述了古英语与中世纪英语的不同之处。若笔记中记录了关键句 In grammar， Old English was much m
39、ore highly inflected，可知此处应填入 in grammar。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 native 【试题解析】 讲座提到，古英语大部分的词汇是本地英语，也有一些来自挪威和拉丁的外来语。因此答案为 native。若笔记中没记录 native一词，也可根据空格后的 borrowed ones推断。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 added into 【试题解析】 14世纪英语在英国又占支配地位，但许多法语词汇也添加进来，这种语言被称为中世纪英语。空格前的 were提示应填入动词的过去分词形式，注意仅仅填入原文中的 added不能直接接后面的宾语 the
40、vocabulary,所以要加上介词 into。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 sound system 【试题解析】 在谈到中世纪英语时，讲座提到，中世纪英语中引入了法语词汇，且语法和语音系统 (grammar and sound system)发生了很大的变化，人们开始更多地依赖词序和结构词来表达自己的意思。因此答案为 sound system。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 unstressed 【试题解析】 在谈到现代英 语早期阶段时，讲座提到了几方面的改变。其中之一就是消除了词尾非重读位置的一个元音字母，此空应填入 unstressed。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正
41、确答案】 in print 【试题解析】 在谈到印刷术的发明时，讲座提到这意味着现在有一种共同语已印出来，因此答案为 in print。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 standardization 【试题解析】 讲座提到，印刷术的出现对早期现代英语也产生了重大影响，其一就是促进了英语的标准化，填 standardization。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 resulting in 【试题解析】 讲座提到，后期现代英语有了更多的词汇是由于两个主要因素所致，原文中是果在前因在后，而空格处则正好相反，是因在前果在后，所以原文中的 arising from要转化为 result
42、ing in“导致 ”。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 adopting 【试题解析】 在谈到现代英语后期时，讲座提到，这个时期的英语最显著的特点是有了更多的词汇，一方面是工业革命和技术发展所引起的，另一方面则是 外来语。根据题目上下文，此处应填入 adopt的 -ing形式。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 colonization 【试题解析】 在谈到对英语变化的主要影响因素时，首先提到了从大约 17世纪开始北美的英语殖民化问题，故填入 colonization。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 loan 【试题解析】 讲座讲到了殖民时期给英语所带来的影响，并列举
43、词汇发生变化的例子，根据题目上下文此处应填入 loan。表示举例的词句是笔记重点。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 Spanish 【试题解析】 讲座结尾主要讲述了不同国家的语言对英语词汇的影响，由题目后半部分的词汇 canyon， ranch， stampede，再结合录音内容可推知答案为Spanish。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 West African 【试题解析】 在讲座的结尾提到法语词汇和西非词汇也在某种程度上对英语有影响，此空应填入 West African。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you
44、will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the
45、 four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 M: Its been nearly many years since Madonna first made headlines for trying to adopt a small child from the African nation of Malawi. And shes
46、 since become a voice for the more than 1 million children or orphans in that country and now shes behind the film on that subject. And tonight, we have Madonna here on our show. Welcome, Madonna. W: Thanks. M: Well. We watched your film I Am Because We Are last night. and its amazing. Why have you
47、felt the commitment to help those children? W: Something about their situation connected to me, and in a way I was going on my own journey and connecting to these children and wanting to in a way heal myself whilst helping them. M: And hearing about their suffering? Something opened to you? W: Yeah.
48、 I grew up as a motherless child. I had a roof over my head and I had food and I had a school to go to. And I still thought that my world was going to collapse on me, so how could it be for these children who, most of them, having lost both of their parents, having no roof over their head, no food t
49、o eat, how horrifying and frightening it must be for them! M: You know, I wonder how this revelation came to you, you know, this is going to be a thing, for you. This is not how people see you. W: I think having children and having a family force you to think about people besides yourself, I mean you dont really have a choice, I think I just got to a point in my life. I thought I have so much
