1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 242及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 How to Tame the Anger Monster I. Three factors causing anger A. time a. at work: longer working hours and【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ long,
3、stressful【 T2】 _ each workday【 T2】 _ b. after work be involved in community activities and【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ maintain houses, yards and cars lack of【 T4】 _【 T4】 _ the bottom line: tired people are【 T5】 _ and ready to blow【 T5】 _ B. technology a. robs people of their【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ b. endless pressure to
4、keep up with the latest【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ e. g., learn to use the phone and【 T8】 _ for more functions【 T8】 _ C.【 T9】 _【 T9】 _ a. connected with lack of time and the pressures of technology b. often fueled by a reserve of【 T10】 _ :【 T10】 _ e. g., a critical boss, marital discord, etc. c. widespread horro
5、rs: e. g., terrorist acts,【 T11】 _, antibiotic-resistant diseases【 T11】 _ d. constant worrisome news . Result of anger angry outbursts briefly satisfying but later make people feel like fools people become more【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ cause【 T13】 _ : higher cholesterol levels【 T13】 _ . Ways to deal with ang
6、er A. keys: common sense and【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ B.【 T15】 _ to take【 T15】 _ reading newspapers or watching TV using a treadmill hitting golf balls or a punching bag 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 15 The
7、Communicative Approach The Communicative Approach emphasizes that the goal of language learning is communicative competence. Here are three aspects of it: I. The Development of the Communicative Approach in 1971, experts began to explore in 1976, D. A. Wilkins revised it into a book: Notional Syllab
8、uses the Communicative Approach expanded and some variants appeared: A. The Natural Approach the core:【 T1】 _【 T1】 _ four stages: Pre-Production, Early Production,【 T2】 _ ,【 T2】 _ and Intermediate Fluency B.【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ to teach language skills in highly integrated fashion three general models:【 T
9、4】 _ , adjunct, and sheltered【 T4】 _ C. Task-based Teaching to help learners to experiment with and explore spoken and written language through【 T5】 _【 T5】 _ three stages: Pre-task, Task Cycle,【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ II. The Features of the Communicative Approach everything done has a(n)【 T7】 _ in using the
10、method【 T7】 _ activities are carried out by students【 T8】 _【 T8】 _ learner-centered teaching method; teacher【 T9】 _ the【 T9】 _ communicative process and acts as an interdependent participant . Advantages and Disadvantages A. advantages: it【 T10】 _ students communicative competence much better【 T10】
11、_ 【 T11】 _ can be taught integrally【 T11】 _ more attention is paid to【 T12】 _【 T12】 _ it emphasizes【 T13】 _ and operational capabilities【 T13】 _ B. disadvantages: 【 T14】 _ are not clear【 T14】 _ the usage of【 T15】 _ is ignored【 T15】 _ correction of errors may be absent or infrequent 16 【 T1】 17 【 T2】
12、 18 【 T3】 19 【 T4】 20 【 T5】 21 【 T6】 22 【 T7】 23 【 T8】 24 【 T9】 25 【 T10】 26 【 T11】 27 【 T12】 28 【 T13】 29 【 T14】 30 【 T15】 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 242答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, plea
13、se complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听力
14、原文】 How to Tame the Anger Monster Good morning! Today well look at how to tame the anger monster. As you all know, human beings have always experienced anger. But in earlier, more civil decades, public displays of anger were unusual to the point of being aberrant. Today, however, whether in petty or
15、 deadly forms, episodes of unrepressed rage have become part of our daily landscape. What has happened to us? Are we that much angrier than we used to be? Have we lost all inhibitions about expressing our anger? Are we, as a society, literally losing our ability to control our tempers? According to
16、Sybil Evans, a conflict-resolution expert, there are three components to blame for our societal bad behavior: time, technology and tension. Whats eating up our time? (1) To begin with, Americans work longer hours and are rewarded with less vacation time than people in any other industrial society. O
17、ver an average year, for example, most British employees work 250 hours less than most Americans; most Germans work a full 500 hours less. And most Europeans are given four to six weeks vacation every year, compared to the average Americans two weeks. (2) To make matters worse, many Americans face l
18、ong stressful commutes at the beginning and end of each long workday. Once we Americans finally get home from work, our busy day is rarely done. (3) We are involved in community activities, our childrens activities, and our houses, yards and cars cry out for maintenance. (4) To make matters worse, w
19、e are reluctant to use the little bit of leisure time we do have to catch up on our sleep. Compared with nine-and-a-half hours a night our ancestors typically slept, many of us feel lucky to get seven. Were critical of “lazy“ people who sleep longer, and we associate naps with toddlerhood. The botto
20、m line: we are time-challenged and just plain tired and (5) tired people are cranky people. Were ready to blow to snap at the slow-moving cashier, to tap the bumper of the slowpoke ahead of us, or to do something far worse. Technology is also to blame for the bad behavior so widespread in culture. A
21、mazing gadgets were supposed to make our lives easier but have they? Sure, technology has its positive aspects. It is a blessing, for instance, to have a cell phone on hand when your car breaks down far from home or to be able to “instant message“ a friend on the other side of the globe. But the dow
22、nsides are many. (6) Cell phones, pagers, fax machines, handheld computers and the like have robbed many of us of what was once valuable downtime. Now were always available to take that urgent call or act on that last-minute demand. (7) Then there is the endless pressure of feeling we need to keep u
23、p with our gadgets latest technological developments. (8) For example, its not sufficient to use your cell phone for phone calls. Now you must learn to use the phone for text-messaging and downloading games. Its not enough to take still photos with your digital camera. You should know how to shoot u
24、ltra-high-speed fast-action clips. In other words, if its been more than ten minutes since youve updated your technology, youre probably behind. (9) Tension, the third major culprit behind our epidemic of anger, is intimately connected with our lack of time and the pressures of technology. Merely ou
25、r chronic exhaustion and our frustration in the face of a bewildering array of technologies would be enough to cause our stress levels to skyrocket, but we are dealing with much more. (10) Our tension is often fueled by a reserve of anger that might be the result of a critical boss, marital discord,
26、 or a general sense of being stupid and inadequate in the face of the demands of modern life. (11) And along with the challenges of everyday life, we now live with a widespread fear of such horrors as terrorist acts, global warming, and antibiotic-resistant diseases. Our sense of dread may be out of
27、 proportion to actual threats because of technologys ability to so constantly bombard us with worrisome information. Twenty-four hours a day news stations bring a stream of horror into our living rooms. As we work on our computers, headlines and graphic images are never more than a mouse-click away.
28、 Adding it all together our feeling of never having enough time; the chronic aggravation caused by technology; our endless, diffuse sense of stress and we become time bombs waiting to explode. Our angry outbursts may be briefly satisfying, but afterwards we are left feeling well, like jerks. Worse,
29、flying off the handle is a self-perpetuating behavior. Brad Bushman, a psychology professor at Iowa State University, says, “Catharsis is worse than useless.“ (12) Bushmans research has shown that when people vent their anger, they actually become more, not less, aggressive. (13-1) Furthermore, the
30、unharnessed venting of anger may actually do us physical harm. The vigorous expression of anger pumps adrenaline into our system and raises our blood pressure, setting the stage for heart attacks and strokes. (13-2) Frequently angry people have even been shown to have higher cholesterol levels than
31、even-tempered individuals. How to deal with our anger? Unfortunately, the culprits behind much of our anger are not likely to resolve themselves anytime soon. So what can we do to deal with anger? According to Carol, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, (14) the keys to dealing with anger are
32、 common sense and patience. She points out that almost no situation is improved by an angry outburst. A traffic jam, a frozen computer, or a misplaced set of car keys are annoying. To act upon the angry feelings those situations provoke, however, is an exercise in futility. Shouting, fuming, or lean
33、ing on the car horn wont make traffic begin to flow, the screen unlock, or keys materialize. Patience, on the other hand, is a highly practical virtue. People who take the time to cool down before responding to an anger-producing situation are far less likely to say or do something they will regret
34、later. Any emotional arousal will simmer down if you just wait long enough. When you are stuck in traffic, in other words, turn on some soothing music, breathe deeply, and count to ten or thirty or forty, if need be. (15) Experts who have studied anger also encourage people to cultivate activities t
35、hat effectively vent their anger. For some people, its reading the newspaper or watching TV, while others need more active outlets, such as using a treadmill, taking a walk, hitting golf balls, or working out with a punching bag. People who succeed in calming their anger can also enjoy the satisfact
36、ion of having dealt positively with their frustrations. So today, we have talked about three causes of our anger, the bad result of our outburst of anger, two keys to dealing with it and some practical solutions to it. Thank you for listening. 【知识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 less vacation time 【试题解析】 这篇讲座的主旨是如何改
37、变愤怒的习惯。讲话者首先指出造成愤怒的三个主要原因 时间，科技和焦虑。根据句 (1)可知，美国人比其他任何一个工业化国家的人们工作的时间都要长，而休假的时间却比他们都要短。通过题干中的 longer working hours可知，答案为 less vacation time。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 commutes 【试题解析】 根据句 (2)可知，更糟糕的是，许多美国人在每个长长的工作日上下班时都要面临紧张又遥远的路途 (face long stressful commutes)。因此答案为commutes，意为 “每天上班的路程 ”。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】
38、 childrens activities 【试题解析】 根据句 (3)可知，美国人下班回家后仍然面对着忙碌的生活。比如，参加社区活动和参与孩子们的各种活动。因此答案为 childrens activities。 【知识模块】 听 力 4 【正确答案】 sleep 【试题解析】 句 (4)中指出，美国人并不愿意把有限的空闲时间用来补觉。以前的美国人平均每天的睡眠时间为 9个半小时，现在很多人只要能睡足 7个小时就感觉很幸运了。美国人对睡眠时间长的人持批评态度，认为他们太懒惰，并且视午休为婴儿行为。因此答案为 sleep。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 cranky 【试题解析】 讲话者
39、在分析了时间的紧迫性之后总结到，我们总是觉得时间不够用，而且真的是累了。根据句 (5)可知，疲倦的人容易暴躁，随时都有可能发脾气 。因此答案为 cranky。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 valuable downtime 【试题解析】 讲座中接着分析了造成愤怒的第二个原因 科技。根据句 (6)可知，手机、传呼机、传真机、手提电脑以及诸如此类的科技产品剥夺了我们宝贵的自由支配时间。因此答案为 valuable downtime。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 technological developments 【试题解析】 根据句 (7)可知，科技带给我们另外一方面无尽的压
40、力就是，我们感觉 自己需要跟上这些产品的技术更新。通过题干中的 keep up with和 latest可知，答案为 technological developments。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 the digital camera 【试题解析】 讲话者对我们感觉自己需要跟上科技产品的技术更新方面的压力进行了举例说明。通过句 (8)可知，现在仅仅会用手机打电话已经不够了，还得学会用手机发信息或是下载游戏；用数码相机拍摄静态图片已经不够了，应该知道如何拍摄超高速的动作片段。通过题干中的 the phone可知，答案为 the digital camera。 【知识模块】 听力 9
41、 【正确答案】 tension 【试题解析】 句 (9)中提到，焦虑是造成我们愤怒频发的第三个原因，它与我们缺少自由时间和技术带来的压力息息相关。因此答案为 tension。 【知识模块】 听力 10 【正确答案】 anger 【试题解析】 根据句 (10)可知，我们的焦虑通常来源于累积的怒气，这种怒气也许源于挑剔的老板、不和谐的婚姻，或者是置身于现代生活中感觉自己愚笨而且力不从心。因此答案为 anger。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 global warming 【试题解析】 根据句 (11)可知，除了日常生活中的挑战之外，我们现在普遍生活在对于恐怖活动、全球变暖和耐抗生素疾病等
42、问题的恐惧中。题干中出现了terrorist acts和 antibioticresistant diseases，因此答案为 global warming。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 aggressive 【试题解析】 在讲座的第二部分讲话者谈到了生气的后果。根据句 (12)可知，Brad Bushman的研究表明当人们发脾气时，他们实际上变得更有攻击性而不是更没有攻击性。因此答案为 aggressive。 【知识模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 physical harm 【试题解析】 根据句 (13-1)可知，不加控制地发脾气事实上会给我们带来身体上的伤害。句 (13-2)
43、中提到，已经得到证实的是常常发脾气的人比性情平和的人胆固醇水平高。因此答案为 physical harm。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 patience 【试题解析】 讲座的第 三部分谈的是如何处理愤怒。根据句 (14)可知，处理愤怒的关键在于拥有常识和耐心。因此答案为 patience。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 activities 【试题解析】 根据句 (15)可知，研究过愤怒情绪的专家鼓励人们做一些有利于释放愤怒的活动，并给出了一些例子：对于一些人来说，读报纸或者看电视就可以平息愤怒，而另一些人则需要更活跃的发泄途径，例如使用跑步机、散步、打高尔夫球或是击打拳
44、击吊袋。因此答案为 activities。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【听力原文】 The Communicative Approach Good morning, boys and girls, today Ill talk about the Communicative Approach. The Communicative Approach is an approach to second or foreign language teaching which emphasizes that the goal of language learning is communicative co
45、mpetence. Teaching materials used with the Communicative Approach often teach the language needed to express and understand different kinds of functions such as requesting, describing, expressing likes and dislikes. The approach follows a national syllabus and emphasizes the processes of communicati
46、on to get information, and using language for social interaction with other people. Here Id like to introduce the development of the Communicative Approach, its features, advantages and disadvantages. First, lets have a look at the development of the Communicative Approach. In 1971, a group of exper
47、ts began to explore if it was possible to develop a system in which learning tasks are broken down into “portions or units, each of which corresponds to a component of a learners needs and is systematically related to all the other portions“. Among them, British linguist D. A. Wilkins document propo
48、sed a functional or communicative definition of language that could serve as a basis for developing communicative syllabuses for language teaching. In 1976, he revised his document into a book titled Notional Syllabuses. Since then, the scope of the Communicative Approach has expanded. During the process of taking the Communicative Approach into action, some variants appeared, such as the Natural Approach, Content-based Teaching and Task-based Teaching. The Natural Approach is a se
