1、专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 164及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)
2、 you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 The Purpose of Literary Analysis I . Introduction making readers appreciate【 T1】 _of literary works【 T1】 _ relating literature
3、 to both readers own life and general【 T2】 _【 T2】 _ II. Purpose of literary analysis A. Discovering the authors basic premises: comprehending the authors basic intellectual premises and fundamental【 T3】 _【 T3】 _ 1)ways to guarantee successful【 T4】 _by the author【 T4】 _ offering an explicit【 T5】 _of
4、his convictions【 T5】 _ giving descriptions and【 T6】 _【 T6】 _ 2)deriving abstract premises by analyzing【 T7】 _【 T7】 _ B. Attaining【 T8】 _from the literary work【 T8】 _ 1)gaining positive or negative【 T9】 _into readers own life【 T9】 _ 2)a process of【 T10】 _discrimination【 T10】 _ C. A relevance to unive
5、rsal human condition or widespread human endeavor in an implicit or【 T11】 _way【 T11】 _ 1)【 T12】 _: George Orwells 1984【 T12】 _ 2)what readers do: recognizing general human condition on the basis of【 T13】 _【 T13】 _ gaining a comprehensive understanding of the theme even if they 【 T14】 _【 T14】 _ III.
6、Conclusion Literary analysis is a(n)【 T15】 _approach that offers readers【 T15】 _ answers or solutions to their questions and dilemmas. 1 【 T1】 2 【 T2】 3 【 T3】 4 【 T4】 5 【 T5】 6 【 T6】 7 【 T7】 8 【 T8】 9 【 T9】 10 【 T10】 11 【 T11】 12 【 T12】 13 【 T13】 14 【 T14】 15 【 T15】 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this secti
7、on you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should r
8、ead the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. （ A） He is a psychologist. （ B） He is a financial advisor. （ C） He is a psychiatrist. （ D） He is a best-selling author. （ A） Dollars and cents. （
9、 B） Freedom. （ C） Opportunities. （ D） Security. （ A） 50%. （ B） 75%. （ C） 80%. （ D） 85%. （ A） To pay yourself first. （ B） To save one hour a day of your income. （ C） To spend less money. （ D） To avoid getting into debt. （ A） People in survival level. （ B） The middle class. （ C） The high-income earner
10、s. （ D） The billionaires. （ A） It doesnt necessarily bring happiness to people. （ B） Many people suppose that the millionaires are very happy. （ C） The more money you earn, the happier you will be. （ D） It brings comparatively more happiness to the low income class. （ A） The teacher. （ B） The social
11、 worker. （ C） The fire fighter. （ D） The manager. （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Critical. （ C） Supportive. （ D） Oppositive. （ A） Having someone who loves you. （ B） Being healthy mentally and psychologically. （ C） Having a successful marriage. （ D） Having filial children. （ A） Can money really bring happine
12、ss? （ B） How can people become millionaire? （ C） Why do rich people still feel unhappy? （ D） What can make you the happiest? 专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷 164答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, ple
13、ase complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. 0 【听
14、力原文】 The Purpose of Literary Analysis Good morning, everyone. Today Id like to talk about literary analysis, and specifically, its purpose. We all know that for the millennia during which literature has existed, scholars, intellectuals, and lay people have unceasingly engaged in the act of analyzing
15、 it. Whatever the variety of analytical approaches to literature might be, literary analysis is in itself a universal necessity when approaching a text, and cannot be escaped on some level.(1)Literary analysis enables readers to fully grasp the core abstractions which an author has bestowed upon his
16、 work.(2)Furthermore, it is indispensable in rendering the literature relevant, both to the individuals own life and to an understanding of the universal human condition. (3)When any author creates a work of literature, he does so starting with a set of basic intellectual premises, foundational assu
17、mptions that permeate the entirety of his work. The author has chosen to create a work of literature as a vehicle for transmitting those premises to his readers. On their own, as floating abstractions detached from the empirical observation and the detailed logical reasoning, the authors premises ca
18、nnot be readily communicated to a reader who does not grasp them already.(4)An author who holds individualism as a basic premise, for example, will find difficulty in communicating it by simply stating, “I believe in individualism. “(5)If, however, he offers a lucid analysis of the superiority of in
19、dividualism over the alternatives, which is filled with realistic examples of why this is so, then his convictions become far more persuasive. Better yet, he might write a story, a series of rationally structured fictional events, which a reader could approach as if it were a concrete experience. Al
20、l knowledge, at its root, is derived from sensory experience and observation.(6)Thus, a work of literature, by recreating an environment of observation through the events and descriptions within it, aims to allow the reader to tap into the source of the premises the author seeks to communicate. Ther
21、eby, the reader is given the foundation from which to proceed in understanding and identifying with the authors abstract ideas. When the reader sees a literary text before him, the author has already done the work of translating his guiding premises into a concrete presentation. The task of the read
22、er, then, becomes to fathom the concrete presentation in such a manner as to derive the abstract premises from it, thereby participating in an act of intellectual discovery which the author has facilitated for him. All literary analysis is, in essence, such a process of discovery.(7)It aims toward a
23、n understanding of the authors guiding abstractions by identifying literary concretes: the characters, events, descriptions, dialogues, and stated ideas of a narrative, and discerning their relevance to the work as a whole and its central themes. Whereas, in writing a work of literature, the author
24、begins at the abstract level and, from it, crafts the concretes of his narrative, the reader must begin at the concrete level and reach the level of abstraction via literary analysis. Furthermore, a work of literary merit must offer an insight, principle, or example valuable to the individual reader
25、.(8)Aside from discovering the authors intentions and guiding principles in writing a work, the reader must inquire of himself, “ What benefits to my own life and understanding might I extract from this text?“(9)The insights the reader might seek to derive through literary analysis can be positive o
26、r negative. A text can offer models to emulate, or examples of what not to apply to ones own life. The reader can even disagree with the authors worldview or ideas of desirable conduct and, through literary analysis, discover the root of his divergence from the author. In this respect, the undertaki
27、ng of literary analysis is necessarily didactic, even if the author did not create his text with a didactic purpose.(10)Literary analysis is a process of cognitive discrimination, in that the reader must be selective in what he does and does not derive from the authors premises. In analyzing a text,
28、 the reader interacts with these premises by filtering them through his own. Aside from individual relevance, a worthy work of literature has a universal relevance, either to an aspect at the core of the general human condition, or at the root of some widespread field of human endeavor.(11)The autho
29、r, as a human being, enters the writing process with certain assumptions, implicit or explicit, regarding a set of universal human themes, including the nature of life, consciousness, volition, and human action, the meaning and possibility of success and happiness, and the status of the individual h
30、imself. In addition, the author might hold a set of views which are more narrowly targeted, but still potentially relevant to a wide variety of human beings.(12)While the conflict between the individual and the almighty totalitarian state in George Orwells 1984, for example, is not a historical univ
31、ersal, Orwell used it to arrive at an understanding of the meaning of a universal human concept, freedom. He then used this understanding to analyze, through the eyes of Winston Smith, the manner in which a totalitarian state necessarily robs an individual of his freedom and, by implication, his ver
32、y humanity.(13)The task of the reader in conducting literary analysis becomes to discover the pathway by which the specifics of a given literary presentation can arrive at truths which are relevant to humans in general. The truths thus discovered will transcend the accidents of time, culture, histor
33、y, and geographical location.(14)Furthermore, such a comprehensive universal understanding is valuable irrespective of the readers agreement with the authors approach to the human condition. If the reader is of a different opinion, he can simply use his knowledge of the authors worldview to pinpoint
34、 where and how he disagrees with it. Thus, the reader, through literary analysis, will still attain his own positive understanding of the essential and inescapable issues pertaining to man. Therefore, we can see there are mainly three purposes of literary analysis: to discover the authors basic prem
35、ises, to attain individual value from the literary work, and to derive from it knowledge concerning the universal human condition.(15)Literary analysis, like any other systematic approach to things, offers the demystification of ideas and of reality. Instead of being perpetually confined by a set of
36、 irresolvable questions and dilemmas, man can obtain the answers through literary analysis, by means of a deliberate, targeted, rational treatment of the text. Today Ive talked about the purpose of literary analysis. I hope my lecture can help you better appreciate literature. Thats it for today. 【知
37、识模块】 听力 1 【正确答案】 core abstractions 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (1)可知，文学分析可使读者充分领会作者赋予作品的抽象概念的核心，故答案为 core abstractions。 【知识模块】 听力 2 【正确答案】 human condition 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (2)可知，将文学作品与个人 的生活和人类普遍的情况进行关联是十分有必要的，所以填 human condition。 【知识模块】 听力 3 【正确答案】 assumptions 【试题解析】 本题设题点在时间状语从句处。根据句 (3)可知，作者创作文学作品之初，要
38、有理性的前提和主要的设想，并以此作为贯穿其作品的基调，而作品本身就是把这些前提和设想传递给读者的载体。因此从读者的角度来看，分析作品的过程就是理解作者理性前提和设想的过程，故答案为 assumptions。 【知识模块】 听力 4 【正确答案】 communication 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (4)可知，演讲者认为，一位将个人主义作为思想前提的作者如果仅仅陈述 “我相信个人主义 ”恐怕无法很好地表达自己的观点，所以可以推测，接下来演讲者将论述一位作者应如何成功地表达观点的方法，所以填 communication。 【知识模块】 听力 5 【正确答案】 analysis 【试
39、题解析】 本题设题点在条件状语从句处。根据句 (5)可知，如果作者能够脉络分明地分析其观点，并佐以真实的例子，他和读者的交流将会更加有效，故答案为 analysis。 【知识模块】 听力 6 【正确答案】 events 【试题解析】 本题设题点在方法途径处。根据句 (6)可知，如果作者能列举事例、具体描述，就能更好地把作品的前提传递给读者，故答案为 events。 【知识模块】 听力 7 【正确答案】 literary concretes 【试题解析】 本题设题点在方法途径处。根据句 (7)可知，文学分析的目的之一是通过对具体事物的分析和认识，理解作品蕴含的主要抽象概念，故答案为literar
40、y concretes。 【知识模块】 听力 8 【正确答案】 individual value 【试题解析】 本题考点设在分论点处。根据句 (8)可知，读者除了了解作者的写作意图和指导原则外，还应该问下自己 “这篇文章对于我本人的生活或见地有哪些益处 ?”换句话说，读者从文学作品中获取的是一种个体价值观，所以填 individual value。 【知识模块】 听力 9 【正确答案】 insights 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (9)可知，读者可以从分析文学作品的过程中获得对人生的深刻理解，这些理解有的是积极的， 有的是消极的，故答案为 insights。 【知识模块】 听力
41、10 【正确答案】 cognitive 【试题解析】 本题设题点在定义概念处。根据句 (10)可知，在分析文学作品时，读者会有选择性地吸收作者的观点，所以它是一个认知甄别的过程，故答案为cognitive。 【知识模块】 听力 11 【正确答案】 explicit 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (11)可知，作者在处理有普遍意义的主题时，或含蓄或明晰，故答案为 explicit。 【知识模块】 听力 12 【正确答案】 example 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节的概括。根据句 (12)可知，演讲者引用了乔治 奥威尔的 1984作为例子进行说明，所以应填入 example。 【知识
42、模块】 听力 13 【正确答案】 specifics 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (13)可知，在做文学分析时，读者的任务就是找到一种途径，即基于特定的文学作品得出与普遍人类相关的真理，所以填 specifics。 【知识模块】 听力 14 【正确答案】 disagree 【试题解 析】 本题设题点在条件状语从句处。根据句 (14)可知，即使读者与作者的观点相左，他们依然能够充分理解作品有关人类普遍问题的主题，故答案为disagree。 【知识模块】 听力 15 【正确答案】 systematic 【试题解析】 本题考查重要细节。根据句 (15)可知，文学分析能够阐明思想，揭示现实
43、，是一种系统的处理问题的方式，故答案为 systematic。 【知识模块】 听力 SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After eac
44、h question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions. 16 【听力原文】 Maggie(W) David Bach(M) Now, listen to Part One of the inter
45、view. W: Many people dream of making it big, buying a bigger house, designer clothes and a nicer car, but with a record number of millionaires now living right here in the United States, an age-old question is now front and center can money really buy happiness?(1)Best-selling author David Bach is a
46、 psychiatrist and a money advisor on CNBCs The Millionaire Inside. Going from rags to riches, he says he found happiness but it wasnt just about dollars and cents. Morning, David. M: Good morning, Maggie. W: What do you think that makes people happy then, if they have no money? M:(2)Well, I think wh
47、at most Americans really want is freedom.(3)We are in the land of the free, but when three out of four people are living paycheck to paycheck, they dont feel free.(4)So I think there are a lot of opportunities for the average American to become what I call an automatic millionaire, which means payin
48、g yourself first, saving one hour a day of your income and spending less. W: Do you mean that the people having different levels of life all have the same feeling? M: Absolutely. You may have different levels of life.(5)You have the survival level, or someone really is living paycheck to paycheck. T
49、hen you have security, where someone as you might basically need to cover. Maybe theyve got six months to a year with the expenses put aside. Once you get passed a year of expenses, youll start to become free. W: You also say that happiness is not as simple as making more money. M: Yes. The more money you have, the more you need to spend anyway. People dont know how
