1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 77及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Success Personality According to a Gallup survey, a number of qualities are common among successful people
3、. Here are five of the most important. 1Common sense. It refers to the ability to make 【 1】 _ judgements on dally affairs. To some people, the key ability for success is simplifying. Since common sense is not a quality a person is born with, it can be 【 2】 _. Observation is another way to increase o
4、nes 【 3】 _ of common sense. 2Knowing ones field. On-the-job experience convinced many achievers of the importance of 【 4】 _ knowledge. Successful people always know what they are doing and continue the learning process. 3【 5】 _. It includes strong 【 6】 _ and the ability to set goals. After having cl
5、ear goals for their lives and careers, top achievers persevere until the work is accomplished. 4General intelligence. This essential quality involves your ability to comprehend difficult concepts quickly and to 【 7】 _ them clearly. General intelligence is not only a(n) 【 8】 _ capacity, but also wide
6、 interests and a thirst of knowledge. 5The ability to get things done. High achievers are 【 9】 _ in completing their work. They have organization- al ability, good work habits and they are hard-working. Besides the five listed here, there are other factors that influence success: leadership, 【 10】 _
7、, and luck, etc. If you cultivate these qualities, you might become one of the top achievers in our society. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer th
8、e questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Why wont Zanele send her children to school? （ A） She thinks that her children can learn more
9、things from her. （ B） She hates school and thus has a bad feeling towards school. （ C） Her children will only play at school. （ D） Her children are in bad health. 12 All the followings are the reasons why Zaneles children dont grow properly EXCEPT （ A） they dont have enough nutritious food （ B） thei
10、r bones have no time to grow well because of the hard work they do （ C） their bodies have worked too hard （ D） they are always beaten by their mother 13 According to the passage, which word can best describe Zanele? （ A） Carefree. （ B） Obstinate. （ C） Easy-going. （ D） Optimistic. 14 The primary purp
11、ose of the visit of Gugu and Zandi to Zanele family is to _. （ A） see her for a while because they miss her very, very much （ B） visit her because they will have a party （ C） have a discussion about how children should be raised （ D） bake a cake for Zaneles family party 15 This passage is mainly abo
12、ut _. （ A） how some mothers on the farm worry about the childrens education （ B） how some children help their mother to do the chores on a farm （ C） how some thin children are forced to work in the field （ D） how Gugu and Zandi make a visit to their friends family SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions
13、: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 Whats the news mainly about? （ A） The advantages of an economy based on farming. （ B） Reasons farme
14、rs continued using river transportation. （ C） The role of cotton in the United States economy. （ D） Improved methods of transporting farm crops. 17 According to the news, what caused the growth of the US economy about 200 years ago? （ A） The new technology used to build roads. （ B） The ability to tr
15、ansport goods over land. （ C） The trade in grain and cotton. （ D） The linking of smaller local roads into one long road. 18 According to the news, what did private companies do after they built new roads? （ A） Reduced charges for transporting farm products. （ B） Required payment from vehicles that u
16、sed their roads. （ C） Made repairs to older roads. （ D） Installed streetlights on roads connecting major cities. 19 What did police attribute the accident to? （ A） Poor visibility. （ B） Slippery conditions caused by the rain. （ C） Both A and B （ D） The narrow national highway. 20 What can we learn f
17、rom the passage? （ A） The decision was made in a world summit on fighting against terrorism. （ B） Africa will benefit a lot from this decision. （ C） The decision was made by common consent of its member countries from the beginning. （ D） Blair announced that aid to Africa would rise from 25 million
18、US dollars annually to 50 million by 2010. 20 That Louis Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculptor. Since Neolithic times, sculpture
19、 has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors
20、 have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United Stat
21、es, while there had been a few talent- ed sculptors in the United States before the 1940s, it was only after 1945-when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world-that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best were the works of women. By far the most outstand
22、ing of these women is Louis Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Krarner, said of her work, “For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail.“ Her work have been compared to the Cub
23、ist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by American sculpture, and by native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and
24、still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere except that it has to pass through a creative mind.“ Using mostly discarded wooden objects like pac
25、king crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them in boxes. These assemb
26、lages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggests such connotations. In some ways,
27、 her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louis Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category. (450) 21 The passage focuses primarily on _. （ A） a general tendency in twentieth-century art （ B） the work of a particular artist （ C） the art
28、ist influences on women sculptors （ D） materials used by twentieth-century sculptors 22 The author quotes Hilton Kramer in paragraph 2 most probably in order to illustrate _. （ A） the realism of Nevelsons work （ B） the unique qualities of Nevelsons style （ C） a distinction between sculpture and pain
29、ting （ D） the extent of critical approval of Nevelsons work 23 Which of the following is one way in which Nevelsons art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in paragraph 4? （ A） She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone. （ B） She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes. （ C） She
30、makes no preliminary sketches but rather allows the sculpture to develop as she works. （ D） She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures. 24 The author regards Nevelsons sculpture in the art world as “remarkable“ ( Line 2, Para. 1 ) because _ .
31、 （ A） Nevelsons sculptures are difficult to understand （ B） few of the artists prominent in the twentieth century have been sculptors （ C） women sculptors have found it especially difficult to be accepted and recognized as major artists （ D） many art critics have favored painting over sculpture in w
32、riting about developments in the art world 24 Shams and delusions are estimated for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily ob- serve realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Ara
33、bian Nights entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be, music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, that petty fears and petty pleasures a
34、re but the shadow of the reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes and slumbering, and consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundations. Children, who play l
35、ife, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live it worthily, but who thinks that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that “there was a kings son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a fore
36、ster, and growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which he lived. One of his fathers ministers discovered him, revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul,“ continued
37、the Hindoo philosopher, “from the circumstance from which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme.“ We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld
38、, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at the meeting house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop, or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in our account of them. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of t
39、he system, behind the furthest star, be- fore Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminate in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And w
40、e are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetually instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Lets spend our lives in conceivi
41、ng them. The poet or the artist never yet had so fair and noble a design some of his posterity at least could accomplish it. (495) 25 The author believes that a child _. （ A） should practice what the Hindoos preach （ B） frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do （ C） prefers to be a bar
42、barian than to be a prince （ D） hardly ever knows his true origin 26 The passage implies that human beings _. （ A） believe in fairy tales （ B） are immoral if they are lazy （ C） should be bold and fearless （ D） cannot distinguish the true from the untrue 27 The passage is primarily concerned with pro
43、blems of _. （ A） music and art （ B） society and population （ C） history and economics （ D） theology and philoslphy 27 The communists preoccupation with economic growth and their whole attitude towards economic progress have been shaped by Marxs theory of long-run development of human society. This t
44、heory places economic development at the center of the entire social philosophy and it is impossible to study the Marxists political, social and economic views without referring to it. Without the knowledge of this theory it is difficult to understand the communists dogmatic belief in the superiorit
45、y of their system, whatever are the observable facts, and their faith in the final victory over capitalism. Economic development has to lead, sooner or later, to socialism and communism and it is necessary to build socialism and, later, communism to make future economic growth possible. This princip
46、le is valid for all countries without any exception. They all have to proceed along the same path although they may be placed at different points of it at present. Such is the logic of history. This theory, which is usually referred to as “historical materialism“, “the materialistic conception of hi
47、story“, or “Marxs historical determinism“, is believed by Marxists to be useful not only as the explanation of the past and the present but also as the basis for the prediction of the future course of history. As the final judgment on any prophecy has to be made in the light of the subsequent events
48、, it is interesting to compare the developments since the theory was presented by Marx with the pattern which could have been expected on the basis of Marxs prediction. The purpose of this paper is to outline briefly such a comparison and to discuss the communist explanation of the disparity, which
49、had appeared between the actual and the predicted course of e- vents. The paper does not attempt to evaluate the philosophical aspects of the theory, its materialism, one-sidedness and methodological oversimplification. Similarly, the value of the theory as a summary of the past historical events preceding the time when it was presented by Marx and its merits and weaknesses as one of the numerous “stages of growth“ theories are not discussed. Mar
