1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 402及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 What handshake mean? I. In ones own country, 1. In some cultures, people shake hands bows to each other -
3、(1)_ (1)_ 2. In overseas country, in the first, students were sometimes (2)_about the customs. (2)_ II. 1. Not shaking hands in Australia means (3)_in them (3)_ 2. A limp or weak handshake by a man may be (4)_in some cultures. (4)_ 3. A crash hand shake in Australia is a aggressiveness and a (5)_ (5
4、)_ 4. Half handshake by man can mean that you have (6)_ (6)_ 5. How long? Long handshake means (7)_ (7)_ 6. What to do with your eyes? You should look at the other person (8)_ (8)_ Looking side way sends (9)_to the other person. (9)_ No eye contact means “you dont exist“ or “I dont (10)_? (10)_ SECT
5、ION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen
6、to the interview. 11 Which of the following countries or regions where AIDS is spreading much faster is NOT mentioned by Bill Smith? （ A） the former Soviet Union （ B） South Africa （ C） India （ D） China 12 Why has Africa been more affected by AIDS than any other place in the world? （ A） Because Afric
7、a is the place from where AIDS starts to spread worldwide. （ B） Because Africans are too brave and resourceful in trying many things. （ C） Because there were not systems in place both to prevent people from contracting it and spreading it. （ D） Because Africans are ready to see some changes in every
8、 field. 13 All the following medicines are available now EXCEPT _? （ A） medicine that stops mother-to-child transmission （ B） medicine that gives most young adults who take it a normal life span （ C） medicine that gives all adults a chance to live normal lives （ D） medicine that gives little kids th
9、at get the HIV positive a good chance to grow up and live normal lives 14 What is the purpose of Bill Smiths AIDS foundation? （ A） To prevent people from contracting and spreading AIDS. （ B） To carry out research on how to prevent the spread of AIDS. （ C） To keep up with the rate of the epidemic gro
10、wing. （ D） To promote AIDS awareness and prevention. 15 What is President Smiths view on the incident of Karl Rove? （ A） The president in office shouldnt make a decision about the people who work for him. （ B） Decision should be made after all the facts are available. （ C） The prosecutor should make
11、 the final decision. （ D） All the people who are involved should take a vote on the final decision. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10
12、seconds to answer the questions. 16 According to the news, Chechnya has all of the following geographic features EXCEPT_. （ A） lowlands （ B） valleys （ C） rivers （ D） forests 17 The ecological disaster of Chechnya is caused by_. （ A） thriving and planned oil industry （ B） years of separatist warfare
13、（ C） pollution of major rivers （ D） growing number of babies born 18 It is_who direct many Cosa Nostras activities in Palermo. （ A） Bernardo Provenzano （ B） Antonino Cina （ C） Salvatore Riina （ D） Antonino Rotolo 19 The news is mainly about _. （ A） the disadvantages and advantages of nighttime fligh
14、ts （ B） the environmental benefit caused by daytime flights （ C） the environmental damage caused by nighttime flights （ D） the impact of sunlight in the formation of vapor trails of aircrafts 20 What effect will the trails of aircrafts produce in the nighttime? （ A） They will act like tiny clouds. （
15、 B） They will decrease temperatures. （ C） They will account for greenhouse effect. （ D） They will increase precipitation. 20 It was a day that Michael Eisner would undoubtedly like to forget. Sitting in a Los Angeles witness box for four hours last week, the usually unflappable chairman of the Walt
16、Disney Co. struggled to maintain his composure. Eisners prote ge turned nemesis. Jeffrey Katzenberg, his former employee, was seeking $500 million in his breach-of-contract suit against Disney, and Eisner was trying to defend hisand his companys integrity. At one point Eisner became flustered when K
17、atzenbergs attorney, Bertram Fields, asked if he recalled telling his biographer, Tony Schwartz, “I think I hate the little midget.“ Later Eisner recalled that the same day, he had received a fax from Katzenberg meant for Fields, thanking the lawyer for “managing“ a magazine story that praised Katze
18、nberg at Eisners expense: “I said to Schwartz, Screw that. If he is going to play this disingenuous game. I simply was not going to pay him his money.“ Last weeks revelations were the latest twist in a dispute that has entertained Hollywood and tarnished Disneys corporate image. The dash began five
19、years ago, when Katzenberg quit Disney after a 10-year reign as studio chief, during which he oversaw production of such animated blockbusters as “The Lion King“. Disneys attorneys said that Katzenberg forfeited his bonus 2 percent of profits in perpetuity from all Disney movies, TV shows and stage
20、productions from 1984 to 1994, as well as their sequels and tie-ins when he left. The company ultimately paid Katzenberg a partial settlement of nearly $ 17 million, sources say. But talks broke down over how much Disney owed, and the dispute landed in court. Industry insiders never expected that Di
21、sney would push it this far. The last Hollywood accounting dispute that aired in public was Art Buchwalds lawsuit against Paramount for profits he claimed to be owed from the 1988 Eddie Murphy hit “Coming to America“ Paramount chose to fight Buchwald in courtonly to wind up paying him $1 million aft
22、er embarrassing revelations about its business practices. After that, studios made a practice of quietly settling such claims. But Disney under Eisner would rather fight that settle. And he and Katzenberg are both proud, combative types whose business disagreement deepened into personal animus. So f
23、ar, Disneys image as well as Eisners has taken a beating. In his testimony last week Eisner repeatedly responded to questions by saying “I dont recall“ or “I dont know“ Katzenberg, by contrast, offered a stack of notes and memos that appeared to bolster his claim. (The Disney executive who negotiate
24、d Katzenbergs deal, Frank Wells, died in a helicopter crash five years ago.) The trial has also offered a devastating glimpse into the Magic Kingdoms business dealings. Internal documents detail sensitive Disney financial information. One Hollywood lawyer calls a memo sent to Katzenberg from a forme
25、r Disney top accountant “a road map to riches“ for writers, directors and producers eager to press cases against Disney. The company declined requests to comment on the case. The next phase of the trial could be even more embarrassing. As Katzenbergs profit participation is calculated, Eisner will h
26、ave to argue that his animated treasures are far less valuable than Katzenberg claims. No matter how the judge rules, Disney will look like a loser. 21 At the end of the first paragraph, the pronoun “I“ in the quoted sentence “I said to Schwatz,. “ refers to_. （ A） Eisner （ B） Fields （ C） Schwatz （
27、D） Katzenberg 22 Katzenberg made a lawsuit against Disney because_. （ A） Disney dismissed him before the contract expired （ B） Eisner insulted him in a magazine by calling him “the little midget“ （ C） Disney did not pay him in accordance with the contract （ D） Disney owed him $ 17 million 23 Hollywo
28、od studios now try to avoid sealing disputes with their employees in court because they fear that_. （ A） involvement in a lawsuit will tarnish their reputation （ B） many of their illegal business practices will be found out by the public （ C） lawyers will overcharge them for such cases （ D） their co
29、nfidential business information will be divulged 24 It is implied in the last paragraph that_. （ A） Disney has profited much less than the general public expected （ B） Disney has underpaid many of their employees （ C） Eisners animated movies didnt bring as much money as Katzenberg thinks （ D） Disney
30、 is undergoing a financial crisis 25 We can infer from this passage that_. （ A） Katzenberg will undoubtedly win the lawsuit and get all the money he claimed （ B） Eisner will remain imperturbable all through the trial （ C） Katzenberg will suffer great embarrassment （ D） Disney will face more lawsuits
31、 from their employees 25 Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to
32、 person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage. “That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, t
33、he finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down. The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according
34、to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare. Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education
35、the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal. “Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “People lose (on average) 2.5 percent decade st
36、arting at adulthood.“ There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure
37、, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood. In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss. Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of
38、 the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For ea
39、ch year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebr
40、ospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling. Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have
41、habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. “The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch is that we can.
42、“ According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles. “A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, “will be whether edu
43、cation even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.“ Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical
44、 shrinkage. 26 According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage EXCEPT_. （ A） age （ B） education （ C） health （ D） exercise 27 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years. （ B） The cerebrospinal flui
45、d of a person with 8 years of education may have increased by 17.7 millimeters. （ C） The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%. （ D） The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years. 28 According to Coffeys research, the brain may benefit from_. （ A） run
46、ning （ B） playing chess （ C） swimming （ D） playing football 29 From this passage, we can conclude that_. （ A） education is beneficial to mental development （ B） education protects the brain from shrinking （ C） education has a protective effect against mental decline （ D） education affects overall br
47、ain structures 29 Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on
48、 Black history. Addison Gayles recent work, for example, judges the value of Black Fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it introduces. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circ
49、umstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology outwits much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatts literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored. Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction,
