1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 190及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Camping First, the equipment.【 1】 _and sleeping-bag are the 【 1】 _ most important items. Both of them sho
3、uld be (2 )_and 【 2】 _ first-class. Other things include stove, a torch (with spare battery), and also【 3】 _。 【 3】 _ Second, clothes. For everyday wear, you should take 2 or 3 pairs of【 4】 _, several shirts, a jacket, a thick sweater【 4】 _ and a light raincoat. For footwear, you must have【 5】 _ 【 5】
4、 _ shoes or hoots. Third, food. I suggest you take【 6】 _food, for it% 【 6】 _ convenient and hygienic【 7】 _is a useful thing to have 【 7】 _ with you, especially if you get hungry at night. Fourth, medicine. Youd better go to the【 8】 _for 【 8】 _ advice, asking him to prepare the necessary medicine for
5、 you. Some liquid medicine will be needed in case of an【 9】 _ 【 9】 _ bite. Finally, the miscellaneous. Things like camera, binoculars, radios, and a couple of books can make your holiday life more enjoyable. And its always interesting to keep a【 10】 _ 【 10】 _ to record the things you do in holiday.
6、1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be
7、given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 11 Opel is developing a new car which _. （ A） is too short to include great changes （ B） is completely different from the old models （ C） will try hard to keep its characteristic style （ D） is not greatly d
8、ifferent from the old models 12 Which of the following is not one of Opels major considerations in developing a new car? （ A） Petrol consumption. （ B） Speed. （ C） Safety. （ D） Comfortability. 13 New cars are becoming faster and faster because _. （ A） the efficiency of the engines has improved a lot
9、（ B） the engines are more powerful （ C） people like driving fast （ D） highways provide enough chances for fast driving 14 On the development of the electro-car, the main problem is _. （ A） nothing technical （ B） electricity is too expensive （ C） the speed of the car is not fast enough （ D） the weigh
10、t of the battery 15 It seems that Opels chief engineer is _ the development of alternative energies. （ A） optimistic about （ B） pessimistic about （ C） not enthusiastic about （ D） devoted to SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and
11、then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 The price of crude oil futures in New York _. （ A） dropped by 6% （ B） dropped by 42 dollars （ C） rose by 60% （ D） rose .by 42 dollars 17 The price fluctuation of crude oil is
12、 caused by _. （ A） changed market demand （ B） changed OPEC policy （ C） security situation in Saudi Arabia （ D） U.S. policy toward Saudi Arabia 18 According to the proposal, by the end of next year the U. S. will reduce its troops in South Korea by _. （ A） 3,600 （ B） 12,500 （ C） 8,900 （ D） 16,100 19
13、According to the news, we can infer that 3,600 U.S. troops _. （ A） will be moved to Iraq by the end of next year （ B） will be moved to Iraq in 3 groups （ C） will return to South Korea after the mission is finished （ D） will not return to South Korea after the mission is finished 20 Which of the foll
14、owing statements is NOT TRUE? （ A） There are altogether 15 candidates in the presidential election. （ B） A pro-Western reformer won more votes than any other candidate. （ C） A hard-line nationalist got 31% of the votes. （ D） There will be 2 candidates in the June 27th run-off election. 20 American c
15、ulture is defined by rather gradual movements from one stage of socialization to the next. The lifelong socialization process involves many different social forces which influence our lives and alter our self-images. Family The family is the institution most closely associated with the process of so
16、cialization. Obviously, one of its primary functions is the care and rearing of children. We experience socialization first as babies and infants living in families; it is here that we develop an initial sense of self. Most parents seek to help their children become competent adolescents and self-su
17、fficient adults, which means socializing them into the norms and values of both the family and the larger society. The development of the self is a critical aspect of the early years of ones life. In the United States, such social development includes exposure to cultural assumptions regarding sex d
18、ifferences. The term “gender roles“ refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities o males and females. As the primary agents of childhood socialization, parents play a critical role in guiding children into those gender roles deemed appropriate in a society. Other a
19、dults, older siblings, the mass media, and religious and educational institutions also have noticeable impact on a childs socialization into feminine and masculine norms. Differential treatment of children by adults is an influential aspect of gender-role socialization. Let us consider a hypothetica
20、l example of differential treatment of children which begins in the family. Ron and Louise are twins who both show an unusual interest in science at an early age. For his birthdays, Ron is given chemistry sets, telescopes, microscopes, and the liked however, despite asking for similar gifts, Louise
21、is given miniature dollhouses, beautiful dresses, and dancing lessons. When the twins are in junior high school, teachers take note of Rons love for science. They encourage him to do special projects, to help with their laboratory work, and to join the science club. Louise is given no such encourage
22、ment; in fact, one teacher considers her fascination with astronomy “strange“ for a girl. By the twins high school years, Ron is well known as a “science whiz“. The guidance counselor suggests that he attend a college with a strong science program in order to achieve his goal of becoming a biologist
23、. Louise has realized that she would like to become an astr0nomer, but the counselor and her parents pressure her into preparing for a career as an early childhood teachera career which they see as more suitable for a woman. During their college years, Ron and Louise might develop self-images as “sc
24、ientist“ and “teacher“, respectively. On the other hand, Louise might get to college, switch her major, and become an astronomer despite everyones opposition. Neither of these young people is a passive actor who will inevitably follow the traditional gender roles of American society. Yet it can be e
25、xtremely difficult to pursue a career, or any other type of life choice, if ones parents, teachers, and the society as a whole seem to be telling you that you are unmasculine or feminine for doing so. Without question, differential socialization has a powerful impact on the development of American f
26、emales and males. Like other elements of culture, socialization patterns are not fixed. There has, for example, been a sustained challenge to traditional American gender-r01e socialization in the last 15 years, owing in good part to the efforts of the feminist movement. Nevertheless, despite such ch
27、anges, children growing up in the 1980s are hardly free of traditional gender roles. 21 According to the passage, socialization can be best described as a process in which one learns how to _. （ A） behave in a soeiety （ B） make friends （ C） be a male or female （ D） treat people differentially 22 The
28、 hypothetical example of Ron and Louise is to illustrate _. （ A） the parents role in socialization （ B） how gender roles take shape （ C） the point that men are more likely to succeed than women （ D） the womens inborn preference for beautiful dresses and dancing lessons 23 As can be inferred from the
29、 passage, gender-role socialization patterns _ in the United States. （ A） have changed dramatically （ B） have remained unchanged （ C） have been largely overlooked （ D） have been affected by the feminist movement 23 Countries at all levels of economic development face a similar challenge: to make the
30、ir industries competitive in an increasingly integrated global economy. Despite sharing the same overall goal, though, countries face distinctive geographical issues in ensuring that their industries compete effectively. Industries in relatively developed countries must protect their markets from ne
31、w competitors. Countries once governed or still governed by communist parties must prepare their industries to compete in a global market-driven economy. Developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America must identify new markets and sources of revenue to generate industrial growth. Competitio
32、n among blocs Industrial competition in the relatively developed world increasingly takes place among blocs of countries. Countries within three groupsNorth America, Western Europe, and East Asiacooperate more extensively with each other but compete against the other two regions to promote industria
33、l growth. In North America, the United States and Canada have eliminated virtually all trade barriers, while similar efforts have been made among the members of the European Community. Cooperation is less extensive in East Asia, where Japanese industries tend to set the lead in exporting industrial
34、goods to other countries. The free movement of most products across the borders has led to closer integration of industries within North America and Western Europe. For example, traditionally, most automobiles sold in Canada were manufactured in Canada, but now most automobiles sold in Canada are as
35、sembled in the United States. On balance, however, Canada exports twice as many automobiles to its southern neighbor as it imports. Every Chevrolet Caprice and Ford Taurus sold in Canada is actually assembled in the United States, but every Chevrolet Lumina and Ford Crown Victoria sold in the United
36、 States is actually assembled in Canada. At the same time they have promoted internal cooperation, the three trading blocs have erected barriers to restrict the ability of industries from other regions to compete effectively. European Community members slap a tax on goods that were produced in other
37、 countries. Japan has lengthy permit procedures that effectively hinder foreign companies from selling there. The Japanese government maintains quotas on the number of automobiles its companies can export to the United States in order to counter charges of unfair competition. Transnational corporati
38、ons Industries within relatively developed countries are increasingly; controlled by large transnational corporations, sometimes called multinational corporations. A transnational corporation operates factories in countries other than the one in which its headquarters is located. Initially, transnat
39、ional corporations were primarily American-owned, but in recent years Japanese, German, and other European companies have been active as well. Some transnational corporations locate factories in other countries to expand their markets. Manufacturing the product where it is to be sold overcomes the r
40、estrictions that many countries place on imports. Furthermore, given the lack of economic growth in many relatively developed countries, a corporation may find that the only way it can increase sales is to move into another country. Transnational corporations also open factories in countries with lo
41、wer-cost site factors, in order to reduce production costs. The site factor that varies among countries most dramatically is labor. Japanese transnational corporations have been especially active in the United States in recent years. Several hundred Japanese-owned corporations have built factories i
42、n the United States, primarily to develop new markets for electronics, automotive components, and metal products. Most of these plants have been located in a handful of interior states, including Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Tennessee, and Illinois. 24 The Japanese government sets quotas on th
43、e exports of automobiles to _. （ A） hinder foreign companies from selling in Japan （ B） promote selling in Japan （ C） maintain balanced trade with other countries （ D） operate factories in other countries 25 Which of the following is NOT true of the worlds economic blocs? （ A） There is free movement
44、 of goods across borders in North America. （ B） East Asia is the area with the most extensive cooperation. （ C） The three blocs have taken measures against competition from the outside. （ D） Ford cars running in the U.S. might be manufactured abroad. 26 Which of the following is TRUE of multinationa
45、l corporations? （ A） All of them have their headquarters in North America. （ B） Labor is an important factor in determining the sites of factories to be built. （ C） The Japanese have built their plants primarily along the coasts of the U. S. （ D） Goods manufactured in local plants are viewed as impo
46、rts in some countries. 27 According to the passage, there is not much cooperation in East Asia because _. （ A） many countries in East Asia are politically hostile to Japan （ B） few countries in this region could match Japan in export （ C） the governments are not aware of the necessity （ D） there is
47、no agreement on the elimination of trade barriers 28 Transnational corporations locate their factories in other countries for all of the following considerations EXCEPT _. （ A） expansion of market （ B） reduction of production costs （ C） overcoming import restrictions （ D） gaining more skilled hi-tec
48、h personnel 28 I cry easily. I once burst into tears when the curtain came down on the Kirov Ballets “Swan Lake“. I still choke ut5 every time I see a film of Roger Bannister breaking the “impossible“ four-minute mark for the mile. I figure I am moved by witnessing men and women at their best. But t
49、hey need not be great men and women, doing great things. Take the night, some years ago, when my wife and I were going to dinner at a friends house in New York City. It was sleeting. As we hurried toward the house, with its welcoming light, I noticed a car pulling out from the curb. Just ahead, another car was waiting to back into the parking spacea rare commodity
