1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 180及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.
2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 How to Conduct Employment Interviews Generally speaking, the purpose of employment interviews are three-f
3、old: a. to match a candidate with a job; b. to explain job requirements and responsibilities; c. to promote the company to【 1】 _ 【 1】 _ An interviewer, the【 2】 _ between a job applicant 【 2】 _ and the company, needs to know the kinds of information applicants want to know about the company. Also he
4、needs to play down their powerful role so as to put the interviewee【 3】 _【 3】 _ An interview has an【 4】 _, a body, and a conclusion.【 4】 _ For a start, it is helpful to create a comfortable atmosphere. One can address individuals by name or exchange a firm shake, but asking too many【 5】 _ questions
5、may be misleading.【 5】 _ For the body part, here are some guidelines: a. Be careful of your own【 6】 _; 【 6】 _ b. Waste no time; c. Avoid trick or【 7】 _ questions; 【 7】 _ d. Do not ask questions that violate the law; e. Give the applicant the opportunity to【 8】 _ 【 8】 _ After the question session, th
6、e interviewer needs to come up with a【 9】 _ and inform the applicant of decision 【 9】 _ procedures. When closing the interview, he or she should not build【 10】 _ hopes or discourage the applicant. 【 10】 _ 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】 SECTION B INTERVIEW Dir
7、ections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 1
8、1 The interview with Dr. Mirkin was conducted by _. （ A） an athlete （ B） a journalist （ C） a sick man （ D） a student 12 By mentioning the case of Harvard football players, Dr. Mirkin meant that _. （ A） too much exercise often leads to a shorter life span （ B） American football is too violent to be g
9、ood for ones health （ C） to exercise when one is young doesnt guarantee a good health when one is older （ D） Harvard students are physically inferior to students from other universities 13 Disco dancing is an excellent exercise because _. （ A） the dancer keeps on moving vigorously （ B） it is most po
10、pular among young people today （ C） no other exercise can offer as much entertainment （ D） it benefits the dancer both physically and spiritually 14 Bicycling and jogging are good exercise to train ones heart because they_. （ A） require a lot of strength （ B） are more interesting （ C） can reduce one
11、s weight （ D） bring ones heartbeat to at least 120 a minute 15 Which of the following statements is TRUE? （ A） Young people need more exercise than other people. （ B） One can live longer than others if one has more exercise when one is young. （ C） Adults need more exercise than children. （ D） People
12、 can prolong their life span if they keep exercising. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 John Edwar
13、ds believes that it is of utmost importance _. （ A） for him to condemn Bush administration for its bad policy （ B） for him to develop a right guideline for （ C） for him to help his wife recover from illness （ D） for him to be prepared for running for president in 2008 17 Dean is _. （ A） the chairman
14、 of Democratic National Committee （ B） the chairman of Republican National Committee （ C） the spokesman of Democratic National Committee （ D） the spokesman of Republican National Committee 18 According to the news item, worldwide oil price _. （ A） has risen considerably recently （ B） has fallen cons
15、iderably recently （ C） has been considerably low recently （ D） has been considerably high recently 19 _ has initiated the plan to raise money for the poverty-stricken Africa. （ A） British Chancellor of the Exchequer （ B） British Prime Minister （ C） GMTV and The Observer （ D） US President 20 _ had be
16、en planned to raise to help lift Africa from poverty. （ A） 20 billion dollars （ B） 80 billion dollars （ C） 100 billion dollars （ D） 120 billion dollars 20 American culture is defined by rather gradual movements from one stage of socialization to the next. The lifelong socialization process involves
17、many different social forces which influence our lives and alter our self-images. Family The family is the institution most closely associated with the process of socialization. Obviously, one of its primary functions is the care and rearing of children. We experience socialization first as babies a
18、nd infants living in families; it is here that we develop an initial sense of self. Most parents seek to help their children become competent adolescents and self-sufficient adults, which means socializing them into the norms and values of both the family and the larger society. The development of t
19、he self is a critical aspect of the early years of ones life. In the United States, such social development includes exposure to cultural assumptions regarding sex differences. The term “gender roles“ refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and female
20、s. As the primary agents of childhood socialization, parents play a critical role in guiding children into those gender roles deemed appropriate in a society. Other adults, older siblings, the mass media, and religious and educational institutions also have noticeable impact on a childs socializatio
21、n into feminine and masculine norms. Differential treatment of children by adults is an influential aspect of gender-role socialization. Let us consider a hypothetical example of differential treatment of children which begins in the family. Ron and Louise are twins who both show an unusual interest
22、 in science at an early age. For his birthdays, Ron is given chemistry sets, telescopes, microscopes, and the like; however, despite asking for similar gifts, Louise is given miniature dollhouses, beautiful dresses, and dancing lessons. When the twins are in junior high school, teachers take note of
23、 Rons love for science. They encourage him to do special projects, to help with their laboratory work, and to join the science club. Louise is given no such encouragement; in fact, one teacher considers her fascination with astronomy “strange“ for a girl. By the twins high school years, Ron is well
24、known as a “science whiz.“ The guidance counselor suggests that he attend a college with a strong science program in order to achieve his goal of becoming a biologist. Louise has realized that she would like to become an astronomer, but the counselor and her parents pressure her into preparing for a
25、 career as an early childhood teacher a career which they see as more suitable for a woman. During their college years, Ron and Louise might develop self-images as “scientist“ and “teacher,“ respectively. On the other hand, Louise might get to college, switch her major, and become an astronomer desp
26、ite everyone s opp6sition. Neither of these young people is a passive actor who will inevitably follow the traditional gender roles of American society. Yet it can be extremely difficult to pursue a career, or any other type of life choice if ones parents, teachers, and the society as a whole seem t
27、o be telling you that you are unmasculine or feminine for doing so. Without question, differential socialization has a powerful impact on the development of American females and males. Like other elements of culture, socialization patterns are not fixed. There has, for example, been a sustained chal
28、lenge to traditional American gender-role socialization in the last 15 years, owing in good part to the efforts of the feminist movement. Nevertheless, despite such changes, children growing up in the 1980s are hardly free of. traditional gender roles. 21 According to the passage, socialization can
29、be best described as_. （ A） a process in which one learns how to behave in a society （ B） a process in which one learns how to make friends （ C） a process in which one learns how to be a male or female （ D） a process in which one learns how to treat people differentially 22 The hypothetical example
30、of Ron and Louise is to illustrate _. （ A） the parents role in socialization （ B） how gender roles take shape （ C） the point that men are more likely to succeed than women （ D） the womens inborn preference for beautiful dresses and dancing lessons 23 As Can be inferred from the passage, gender-role
31、socialization patterns _in the United States. （ A） have changed dramatically （ B） have remained unchanged （ C） have been altered by the feminist movement （ D） have received attention from the feminist movement 23 Countries at all levels of economic development face a similar challenge: to make their
32、 industries competitive in an increasingly integrated global economy. Despite sharing the same overall goal, though, countries face distinctive geographical issues m ensuring that their industries compete effectively. Industries in relatively developed countries must protect their markets from new c
33、ompetitors. Countries once governed or still governed by communist parties must prepare their industries to compete in a global market-driven economy. Developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America must identify new markets and sources of revenue to generate industrial growth. Competition a
34、mong blocs Industrial competition in the relatively developed world increasingly takes place among blocs of countries. Countries within three groups North America, Western Europe, and East Asia cooperate more extensively with each other but compete against the other two regions to promote industrial
35、 growth. In North America, the United States and Canada have eliminated virtually all trade barriers, while similar efforts have been made among the members of the European Community. Cooperation is less extensive in East Asia, where Japanese industries tend to set the lead in exporting industrial g
36、oods to other countries. The free movement of most products across the borders has led to closer integration of industries within North America and Western Europe. For example, traditionally, most automobiles sold in Canada were manufactured in Canada, but now most automobiles sold in Canada are ass
37、embled in the United States. On balance, however, Canada exports twice as many automobiles to its southern neighbor as it imports. Every Chevrolet Caprice and Ford Taurus sold in Canada is actually assembled n the United States, but every Chevrolet Lumina and Ford Crown Victoria sold in the United S
38、tates is actually assembled in Canada. At the same time they have promoted internal cooperation, the three trading blocs have erected barriers to restrict the ability of industries from other regions to compete effectively. European Community members slap a tax on goods that were produced in other c
39、ountries. Japan has lengthy permit procedures that effectively hinder foreign companies from selling there. The Japanese government maintains quotas on the number of automobiles its companies can export to the United States in order to counter charges of unfair competition. Transnational corporation
40、s Industries within relatively developed countries are increasingly controlled by large transnational corporations, sometimes called multinational corporations. A transnational corporation operates factories in countries other than the one in which its headquarters is located. Initially, transnation
41、al corporations were primarily American-owned, but in recent years Japanese, German, and other European companies have been active as well. Some transnational corporations locate factories in other countries to expand their markets. Manufacturing the product where it is to be sold overcomes the rest
42、rictions that many countries place on imports. Furthermore, given the lack of economic growth in many relatively developed countries, a corporation may find that the only way it can increase sales is to move into another country. Transnational corporations also open factories in countries with lower
43、-cost site factors, in order to reduce production costs. The site factor that varies among countries most dramatically is labor. Japanese transnational corporations have been especially active in the United States in recent years. Several hundred Japanese-owned corporations have built factories in t
44、he United States, primarily to develop new markets for electronics, automotive components, and metal products. Most of these plants have been located in a handful of interior states, including Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Tennessee, and Illinois. 24 The Japanese government sets quotas on the e
45、xports of automobiles to_. （ A） hinder foreign companies from selling in Japan （ B） promote selling in Japan （ C） maintain balanced trade with other countries （ D） operate factories in other countries 25 Which of the following is NOT true of the worlds economic blocs? （ A） There is free movement of
46、goods across borders in North America. （ B） East Asia is the area with the most extensive cooperation. （ C） The three blocs have taken measures, to fight against competitors from the outside. （ D） Ford cars running in the U.S. might be manufactured abroad. 26 Which of the following is TRUE of multin
47、ational corporations? （ A） All multinational corporations have their headquarters based in North America. （ B） Labor is an important actor in determining the sites of factories to be built. （ C） Japanese multinational corporations have chosen to build their plants primarily in the eastern coast of t
48、he U. S （ D） Goods manufactured and sold by multinational corporations in local plants are viewed as imports in those countries. 26 Simone de Beauvoirs work greatly influenced Betty Firedansindeed, made it possible. Why, then, was it Friedan who became the prophet of womens emancipation in the Unite
49、d States? Political conditions, as well as a certain anti-intellectual bias, prepared Americans and the American media to better receive Friedan s deradicalized and highly pragmatic The Feminine Mystique, published in 1963, than Beauvoirs theoretical reading of womens situation in The Second Sex. In 1953 when The Second Sex first appeared in translati
