1、GMAT（ VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 1 X-ray examination of a recently discovered painting judged by some authorities to be a self-portrait by Vincent van Gogh revealed an underimage of a womans face. Either van Gogh or another painter covered the first painting with the portrait now seen on the surface of
2、 the canvas. Because the face of the woman in the underimage also appears on canvases van Gogh is known to have painted, the surface painting must be an authentic self-portrait by van Gogh. The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed? （ A） If a canvas already bears a
3、painted image produced by an artist, a second artist who uses the canvas to produce a new painting tends to be influenced by the style of the first artist. （ B） Many painted canvases that can be reliably attributed to van Gogh contain underimages of subjects that appear on at least one other canvas
4、that van Gogh is known to have painted. （ C） Any painted canvas incorrectly attributed to van Gogh would not contain an underimage of a subject that appears in authentic paintings by that artist. （ D） A painted canvas cannot be reliably attributed to an artist unless the authenticity of any underima
5、ge that painting might contain can be reliably attributed to the artist. （ E） A painted canvas cannot be reliably attributed to a particular artist unless a reliable X-ray examination of the painting is performed. 2 To provide extra revenue for improving city bus service, the mayor of Greenville pro
6、posed a fare increase. The director of the bus service, however, pointed out that the previous bus fare increase had resulted in so many regular riders abandoning the bus system altogether that revenues from bus service had decreased. Another fare increase, the director argued, would only lead to an
7、other revenue drop. The director s argument depends on which of the following assumptions? （ A） The previous fare increase was the same amount as the proposed fare increase. （ B） Fare increases do not necessarily lead to lower revenues from city bus service. （ C） A decrease in fares would result in
8、increased ridership and increased revenues from bus service. （ D） The fare increase would make Greenville s bus service much more expensive than bus services in other comparable cities. （ E） Some of the people currently using the bus have the option of not traveling by bus. 3 Springtowns fire depart
9、ment wants the town council to buy it another ladder truck. These trucks are useful in fighting fires in high-rise buildings. The town council argues, however, that Springtown has only two high-rise buildings, and it already owns enough ladder trucks to fight any fires there. So, they say, Springtow
10、n does not need another ladder truck. The town councils argument assumes that （ A） Springtown cannot afford to buy another ladder truck. （ B） Springtowns high-rise buildings all meet or exceed current fire safety standards. （ C） the number of high-rise buildings in Springtown is likely to grow. （ D）
11、 at least one of Springtowns ladder trucks is not due to be permanently removed from service in the immediate future. （ E） it is possible to fight fires successfully in high-rise buildings without using ladder trucks. 4 Bracken, a poisonous weed, is spreading and damaging much pastureland in the Nor
12、thern Hemisphere. One potentially inexpensive and self-sustaining countermeasure is to introduce natural enemies of the plant; therefore, some scientists have proposed to control bracken by a release of bracken-eating moths native to the Southern Hemisphere into bracken-infested areas in the Norther
13、n Hemisphere. If the scientists proposal for controlling bracken is adopted, which of the following is a necessary condition for its success? （ A） That bracken in the Northern Hemisphere grows in approximately the same climates and soil conditions in which it grows in the Southern Hemisphere. （ B） T
14、hat the released moths will feed on weeds other than bracken that are native to the Northern Hemisphere. （ C） That the livestock that will return to pastures now lost to bracken will develop immunities to the diseases caused by bracken. （ D） That the released moths will survive in sufficient numbers
15、 to build a population large enough to reduce bracken and retard its growth. （ E） That traditional methods of control, such as burning, cutting, and chemical spraying, will not become less expensive or labor-intensive than they are now. 5 Although the ratio of physicians to total population is about
16、 the same in the United States and Canada, the United States has 33 percent more surgeons per capita. Clearly, this is the reason people in the United States undergo 40 percent more operations per capita than do Canadians. The explanation given above rests on an assumption that （ A） patients in the
17、United States do not have a greater need for surgery than do patients in Canada. （ B） the population of the United States is not larger than that of Canada. （ C） United States patients sometimes travel to Canada for certain kinds of surgery. （ D） general practitioners in the United States do not as
18、a rule examine a patient who is a candidate for surgery before sending the patient to a surgeon. （ E） there are no unnecessary surgical operations performed in Canada. 6 A random sample of shoppers responded to the questions contained in a marketing survey. Six months later, another random sample of
19、 shoppers responded to exactly the same questions, except that the questions were now arranged in a different order. The pattern of responses to many individual questions was greatly different, thus demonstrating that a question will sometimes elicit different responses depending only on what questi
20、on precedes it. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions? （ A） The reordering of the questions did not put each question in a different sequential position from its position six months previously. （ B） Shoppers who respond to a marketing survey do not generally remember six m
21、onths later what responses they gave. （ C） There was no motive for the second survey except that of discovering whether the ordering of the questions mattered. （ D） The survey was not composed of questions to which shoppers would give different responses at different times of the year. （ E） The firs
22、t sample of shoppers did not have any individuals in common with the survey sample of six months later. 7 Ounce for ounce, blends of different artificial sweeteners match any individual artificial sweetener in sweetening power. When used to sweeten food, blends greatly decrease the likelihood that c
23、onsumers will exceed acceptable daily intakes for individual sweeteners. Blends should therefore be used, rather than single sweeteners alone, since blends are clearly more healthful, yet equally effective. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions? （ A） When ingested together
24、, different artificial sweeteners in the blends do not interact in a way that makes them harmful to human health. （ B） Different artificial sweeteners, when used together in food, do not contribute a more desirable flavor to the food than would any one of them by itself. （ C） The acceptable daily in
25、take for any given artificial sweetener is a conservative figure that could probably be greatly exceeded at little or no risk. （ D） Consumers who substitute artificial sweeteners for sugar in their diets generally keep track of their daily intake of different sweeteners. （ E） The ill effects on heal
26、th produced by the intake of excessive quantities of any single artificial sweetener cannot be reversed by reducing intake later. 8 During a single hour, an automatic camera photographed 100 vehicles that were speeding on a one-way road, and police a mile farther down the road photographed 49 vehicl
27、es that were speeding. Since every vehicle that passed the automatic camera also passed the police during the hour, the police photographed fewer than half of the vehicles that were speeding when passing them. Which of the following is an assumption on which the reasoning in the argument above depen
28、ds? （ A） Fewer than half of the vehicles that were speeding when they passed the police were already speeding when they passed the automatic camera. （ B） Drivers who are not exceeding the speed limit are less likely than drivers who are speeding to reduce their driving speed when they see a marked p
29、olice car. （ C） Most of the vehicles that were speeding when they passed the automatic camera were still speeding when they passed the police. （ D） More than 100 vehicles passed the automatic camera during the hour in which the automatic camera photographed 100 speeding vehicles. （ E） Not more than
30、100 vehicles drove past the police during the hour in which the police photographed 49 speeding vehicles. 9 A thorough search of Edgar Allan Poe s correspondence has turned up not a single letter in which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence it is safe to say tha
31、t Foes reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue. Which of the following is assumed by the argument above? （ A） Reports claiming that Poe was addicted to morphine did not begin to circulate until after his death. （ B） None of the
32、 reports of Poes supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actually knew Poe. （ C） Poes income from writing would not have been sufficient to support a morphine addiction. （ D） Poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine
33、. （ E） Fear of the consequences would not have prevented Poe from indicating in his correspondence that he was addicted to morphine. 10 Excluding purchases by businesses, the average amount spent on a factory-new car has risen 30 percent in the last five years. In the average household budget, the p
34、roportion spent on car purchases has remained unchanged in that period. Therefore the average household budget must have increased by 30 percent over the last five years. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? （ A） The average number of factory-new cars purchased per h
35、ousehold has remained unchanged over the last five years. （ B） The average amount spent per car by businesses buying factory-new cars has risen 30 percent in the last five years. （ C） The proportion of the average household budget spent on all car-related expenses has remained unchanged over the las
36、t five years. （ D） The proportion of the average household budget spent on food and housing has remained unchanged over the last five years. （ E） The total amount spent nationwide on factory-new cars has increased by 30 percent over the last five years. 11 Armtech, a temporary-employment agency, pre
37、viously gave its employees 5 paid vacation days after each 700 hours worked. Armtechs new policy is to give its employees 0 paid vacation days after each 1, 200 hours worked. Therefore, this new policy is more generous to Armtech employees in giving them more vacation days per hour worked than the o
38、ld policy did. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? （ A） Most current Armlech employees approve of the companys new vacation policy. （ B） A few Armtech employees leave the company before having worked 700 hours. （ C） Most Armlech employees were not aware that the co
39、mpany planned to change its vacation policy until after it had already done so. （ D） A significant portion of Armlech employees stay with the company long enough to work for 1 ,200 hours. （ E） Armtechs new vacation policy closely matches the vacation policies of competing temporary employment agenci
40、es. 12 Editorial:Critics of nuclear power complain about the allegedly serious harm that might result from continued operation of existing nuclear power plants. But such concerns do not justify closing these plants; after all, their operation has caused no more harm than that caused by pollution gen
41、erated by coal and oil-burning power plants, the most important other sources of energy. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? （ A） Existing nuclear power plants should be closed only if it can be conclusively demonstrated that their continued operation is likely to
42、cause harm more serious than the harm their operation has already caused. （ B） Closing existing nuclear power plants would require greatly increased reliance on coal and oil-burning power plants. （ C） The harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal and oil-burning power plants has been si
43、gnificant. （ D） The harm that a nuclear power plant is likely to cause as it continues to operate can be reliably predicted from the past history of nuclear power plants. （ E） The only harm that has resulted from operation of existing coal and oil-burning power plants has resulted from the pollution
44、 generated by these plants. 13 Fossils of the coral Acrocora palmata that date from the last period when glaciers grew and consequently spread from the polar regions are found at ocean depths far greater than those at which A. palmata can now survive. Therefore, although the fossilized A. palmata ap
45、pears indistinguishable from A. palmata now living, it must have differed in important respects to have been able to live in deep water. The argument depends on the assumption that （ A） no fossils of the coral A. palmata have been found that date from periods when glaciers were not spreading from th
46、e polar regions. （ B） geological disturbances since the last period during which glaciers spread have caused no major downward shift in the location of A. palmata fossils. （ C） A. palmata now live in shallow waters in most of the same geographical regions as those in which deep-lying A. palmata foss
47、ils have been found. （ D） A. patlmata fossils have been found that date from each of the periods during which glaciers are known to have spread from the polar region. （ E） A. palmata can live at greater depths where the ocean temperature is colder than they can where the ocean temperature is warmer.
48、 14 Census data for Prenland show that unmarried Prenlandic men in their thirties outnumber unmarried Prenlandic women in that age group by about ten to one. Most of these men do wish to marry. Clearly, however, unless many of them marry women who are not Prenlandic, all but a minority will remain u
49、nmarried. The argument makes which of the following assumptions? （ A） Emigration from Prenland is more common among women than among men. （ B） A greater proportion of Prenlandic women in their thirties than of Prenlandic men of the same age would prefer to remain unmarried. （ C） It is unlikely that many of these unmarried Prenlandic men will marry women more than a few years older than themselves. （ D） Prenland has a high rate of divorce. （ E） Most of the unmarried Prenlandic men are unwilling to marry women who are not Prenlandic. 15 Although the prevailing supposition has b
