1、2010年南开大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 With technological developments, some labor-intensive industries have _ high-techindustries. （ A） given up （ B） stepped aside （ C） stood along （ D） yielded to 2 Economic activity has been organized on the_of cheap and abundant oil from the beginn
2、ing of the 20th century. （ A） gist （ B） notion （ C） rationale （ D） premise 3 Owing to a/an _ lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by the impressing housing issue. （ A） acute （ B） stressful （ C） demanding （ D） urgent 4 The idea that machines could be made to fly seeme
3、d_two hundred years ago. （ A） original （ B） eccentric （ C） terrific （ D） splendid 5 The policy_it necessary for the towns safety to arrest most speeders. （ A） narrated （ B） elaborated （ C） deemed （ D） commended 6 If you do something on_, you do it because you suddenly want to, although you havent pl
4、anned to. （ A） impulse （ B） pulse （ C） impromptu （ D） imminence 7 We had no computer back-up and had to rely on old paper files to_the records we lost. （ A） remedy （ B） recondition （ C） reconstruct （ D） register 8 A_is an occasion at which people who have great knowledge of a particular subject meet
5、 in order to discuss a matter of interest. （ A） convention （ B） congress （ C） symposium （ D） conference 9 In some cases nowadays concerning job hunting, one had to_1,000 competitors to get a position. （ A） stand out （ B） edge out （ C） squeeze in （ D） jostle against 10 A(An)_is a person who knows a g
6、reat deal about a particular subject and whose advice on it may be taken by others. （ A） consul （ B） mentor （ C） elite （ D） pundit 11 Total investments for this year reached $56 million, and to put this into_, investments this year will double those made in 1997. （ A） sight （ B） perspective （ C） vis
7、ion （ D） horizon 12 There was not_of evidence to suggest that he committed the crimes, so the case was dismissed in the court. （ A） scrap （ B） screw （ C） scratch （ D） scrape 13 The basic_of their philosophy is that everyone should be free to do as they please, as long as they do not harm others. （ A
8、） requisite （ B） conception （ C） premise （ D） opinion 14 The spring of last year witnessed the_of the strange weather. （ A） adaptation （ B） shift （ C） vicissitude （ D） kaleidoscope 15 Countless billions of_sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. （ A） second （ B） minute （ C） hour （ D）
9、 day 二、 Reading Comprehension 15 No matter what you think about testing rends, one thing is clear: as long as there is teaching and learning, there will be testing. But how much credit do those charts and numbers deserve? When you review a schools test scores at a school board meeting, always look b
10、eyond the basic numbers. The scores for a single school in a single year have limited value for judging school performance. Equally important is “trend data“ test scores from several years that show you how a schools performance has changed over time. Additionally, comparing a school to other school
11、s with similar demographics may give your perspective on where the school stands relative to other schools like it. You can also learn a lot from data that is broken down by ethnic group and socioeconomic level. A school is only truly successful when it achieves high performance with students across
12、 all ethnic and social groups. On the other hand, the next time you hear somebody say, “That school is the best in the district because it has the highest test scores,“ make a point to respond: “Id love to know more about whats happening at the school that accounts for those scores, but I cant assum
13、e that its the best school just based on one piece of evidence. What you know about the schools teaching methods, the leadership of the principal, or its climate of safety?“ Take time to investigate these other measures of school quality before making judgments about a school. To communicate with yo
14、ur child certainly is the final way. Raise your hand if youve heard some stories about students begging to stay home on test day. Is this level of anxiety appropriate? The correct answer is no! When your childs class is preparing for its annual standardized testing marathon, let your child know that
15、 while you hope she does her best on the test, its not a competition. Explain that the results may help her and her teacher understand the areas where she might be especially strong or where she may need to focus more. 16 The second paragraph implies that when you review a schools test scores_. （ A）
16、 you should give priority to the stores for this year （ B） you should take into an account the performance of the students across all ethnic and social groups （ C） you neednt refer to the test scores in the past several years （ D） you dont need to compare a school with others since you are only conc
17、erned about your childrens scores 17 According to the author, when we evaluate the quality of a school, the following factors should be involved EXCEPT_. （ A） teaching methods （ B） leadership of the principal （ C） relationship with other schools （ D） safety 18 In the last paragraph of this passage,
18、the word “anxiety“ in the sentence “Is this level of anxiety appropriate?“ implies the childs serious concern about_. （ A） strict teachers （ B） competitive exam （ C） unsafe conditions of the school （ D） no care from the parents 19 What is the most proper title for this passage? （ A） Get Smart about
19、School Test Scores （ B） Dont Look up to the Test Scores （ C） The Scores Matter a Lot （ D） Deal Better with the Child and Scores 19 There are four basic types of competition in business that form a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopoly(商品供应垄断 )to monopoly. At
20、one end of the continuum, pure competition results when every company has a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influences purchase. In contrast
21、, in monopolistic competition several companies may compete for the sale of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If the price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons and other discounts are often
22、 used as part of a marketing strategy to influence sales. Oligopoly occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline carriers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious competition is not consider
23、ed desirable because it would result in reduced revenue for every company in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual. Finally, monopoly occurs when only one firm s
24、ells the product. Some monopolies have been tolerated for producers of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential, including electricity and water. In these cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales. 20 Which of the following wo
25、uld be the best title for the passage? （ A） Monopolies （ B） The Commodity Market （ C） The Competition Continuum （ D） The Best Type of Competition 21 An example of a product in monopolistic competition is_. （ A） corn （ B） electricity （ C） airline tickets （ D） coffee 22 What does the author mean by th
26、e statement “Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously also usual“? （ A） It is not unusual for all companies to increase prices at the same time. （ B） It is common for companies to compete f
27、or customers by lowering prices. （ C） Customers may lose money when companies have price welts. （ D） Prices are lower during price wars, but they are usually higher afterward. 23 The word “it“ in Paragraph 3 refers to . （ A） a product or service （ B） competition （ C） revenue （ D） oligopoly 23 In Aug
28、ust 2004, Duke University provided free iPods to its entire freshman class. The next month, a Korean education firm offered free downloadable college entrance exam lectures to students who purchased an iRiver personal multimedia player. That October, a financial trading firm in Chicago was reportedl
29、y assessing the hand-eye coordination of traders using GameBoys. Yet while such innovative applications abound, the use of technology in education and training is far from new, a fact as true in language classrooms as it is in medical schools. Practically since their availability, a succession of au
30、diovisual recording devices(e. g. , reel-to-reel, VCRs, PCs)has been used to capture language samples, and myriad playback and broadcast devices(e. g. , phonographs, radios, televisions)have provided access to authentic speech samples. The espousal of audiolingual theory in the 1950s brought the wid
31、espread use of the language laboratory in educational settings. Influenced by behaviorism, the lab was progressively replaced in the 1960s by drill-based computer-assisted instruction, which decades later was itself surpassed by a more intelligent, interactive and multimedia computer-assisted langua
32、ge learning. The popular acceptance of the Internet in the 1990s advanced the development of computer-mediated communications. As technologies continue to evolve, so does their propensity to shrink in size. “Other technologies that hold the capacity for language learning include PDAs, multimedia cel
33、lular phones, MP3 players, DVD players, and digital dictionaries. “ Such portable media referred to in popular and scholarly literature as mobile, wireless, handheld or nomadic are now social staples. Mobile learning, or m-learning, is a burgeoning subdivision of the e-learning movement, further evi
34、denced by European initiatives such as m-learning and Mobilearn. In this paper, applied fusions of m-learning and language learning follow, after which their benefits and challenges are reviewed. 24 What is the article introduction specifically deals with? （ A） Language learning （ B） Emerging techno
35、logy （ C） Mobile assisted language learning （ D） Wired learning 25 The word “espousal“ in paragraph two can be best replaced by_. （ A） advocate （ B） support （ C） idea （ D） perception 26 Mobile learning is a burgeoning subdivision of the e-learning movement in the sense that you can study without_. （
36、 A） iPhone （ B） laptop （ C） PDA （ D） desktop computer 27 Behaviorism language learning strategy does not include_. （ A） pattern drills （ B） learner autonomy （ C） rote memorization （ D） repetition 27 Most Americans believe that our society of consumption-happy, fun-loving, jet-traveling people create
37、s the greats happiness for the greatest number. Contrary to this view, I believe that our present way of life leads to increasing anxiety, helplessness and, eventually, to the disintegration of our cultures. I refuse to identify fun with pleasure, consumption with joy, busyness with happiness, or th
38、e faceless, buck-passing “organization man“ with an independent individual. Modern industrialism has succeeded in producing this kind of man. He is the “alienated“ man. He is alienated in the sense that his actions, and his own forces have become estranged from him; they stand above him and against
39、him, and rule him rather than being ruled by him. His life forces have been transformed into things and institutions, and these things and institutions have become idols. They are something apart from him, which he worships and to which he submits. Alienated man bows down before the works of his own
40、 hands. He experiences himself not as the active bearer of his own forces and riches but as an impoverished “thing“ , dependent on other things outside of himself. He is the prisoner of the very economic and political circumstances which he has created. Since our economic organizations is based on c
41、ontinuous and ever-increasing consumption(think of the threat to our economy if people did not buy a new car until their old one was really obsolete), contemporary industrial man is encouraged to be consumption-crazy. Without any real enjoyment, he “takes in“ drink, food, cigarettes, sights, lecture
42、s, books, movies, television, any new kind of gadget. The world has become one great maternal breast, and man has become the eternal suckling, forever expectant, forever disappointed. In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucracy in which man becomes a small,
43、 well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, fringe benefits, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “ human relations“ experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly particip
44、ate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. 28 Modern industrialized society needs men who are_. （ A） individualistic in their tastes （ B） capable of com
45、manding the social machine （ C） obedient and submissive （ D） free and independent 29 An alienated man is one who is_. （ A） in control of economic and political circumstances （ B） ruled by the things he creates （ C） worshipped as an idol （ D） more interested in women than in sports cars 30 Which of t
46、he following is NOT a characteristic of modern industrial society? （ A） Ever increasing consumption. （ B） Bureaucracy. （ C） Ever-increasing power of man. （ D） Automated machines. 31 The word “prisoner“ in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 closely means_. （ A） the person who is detained by police （ B）
47、 the person who is being put behind bar （ C） the person who is confined to his circumstances （ D） the person who is being kept away from the normal life 31 There is a confusion about two distinct questions:(a)will computers made books obsolete? and(b)will computers make written and printed material
48、obsolete? Let us suppose that computers will make books disappear(I do not think this will happen and I shall elaborate later on this point, but let us suppose so for the sake of the argument). Still, this would not entail the disappearance of printed material. We have seen that it was wishful think
49、ing to hope that computers, and particularly word processors, would have helped to save trees. Computers encourage the production of printed material. We can imagine a culture in which there will be no books, and yet where people go around with tons and tons of unbound sheets of paper. This will be quite unwieldy, and will pose a new problem for libraries. Debray has observed that the fact that Hebrew civilization was a civilization b
