1、2010年 10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The dancers for the ballet were selected for similarity of height and build so that they might present a(an)_appearance. （ A） ultimate （ B） deceptive （ C） homogeneous （ D） unanimous 2 It happened in a flash, although_everything seemed to occ
2、ur in slow motion, as though I were watching from another planet. （ A） in return （ B） in practice （ C） in reality （ D） in retrospect 3 A couple were holding each other close to_the cold wind that had sprung up. （ A） ward off （ B） shake off （ C） turn off （ D） take off 4 The realization of all the pot
3、ential profits_depends on sufficient spending by employers, by the government or by those purchasing exports. （ A） intimately （ B） universally （ C） ultimately （ D） instinctively 5 The Association of University Teachers claims that taxpayersmoney, _ for basic research, is being used to prop up indust
4、rial and other applied research projects. （ A） designed （ B） engaged （ C） oriented （ D） intended 6 History will always_any intended route and take an unforeseen one instead. （ A） lead to （ B） deviate from （ C） pass through （ D） result from 7 There was something feverish, even _, in the manner in whi
5、ch shoppers crowded into shops in the last days before Christmas. （ A） desperate （ B） courageous （ C） discriminating （ D） courteous 8 He received the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 1983 Crafoord Prize, established to honor fields not_for the Nobel Prize. （ A） advisable （ B） noticeable （ C） eligib
6、le （ D） favorable 9 On that trip, the loneliness was a little harder to handle, so I brought along our puppy to keep me_. （ A） company （ B） partner （ C） attendant （ D） fellowship 10 The most_example of water pollution occurred in 1969, when the Cuyahoga River in Ohio caught fire and helped shock Ame
7、rica into adopting the Clean Water Act. （ A） concrete （ B） precise （ C） positive （ D） notorious 11 They seek to_the long-term goals for what music education ought to be in our society. （ A） set out （ B） set in （ C） set apart （ D） set back 12 Researchers found that teens who slept less than 5 hours a
8、 night were 5 times more likely than those who slept longer to have_blood pressure. （ A） alternated （ B） accelerated （ C） elevated （ D） startled 13 Ricardo has shown great_ in his determination to understand the theory of relativity. （ A） adherence （ B） persistence （ C） intuition （ D） fantasy 14 Hos
9、ting the 2008 Olympics provided China with an opportunity to_ its unprecedented progress. （ A） demonstrate （ B） deduce （ C） distinguish （ D） disperse 15 The lawyer _ his ideas loudly and clearly in court, which surprised her a great deal. （ A） acclaimed （ B） admonished （ C） addressed （ D） asserted 1
10、6 Monique is studying business administration because she wants to be a highly paid_in a large company. （ A） primitive （ B） executive （ C） conservative （ D） representative 17 Competent students are those who can see the application of a theory or a concept to a specific_example. （ A） empirical （ B）
11、academic （ C） instinctive （ D） impulsive 18 After negotiation for some time, all the members of the association promised to_to the strict code of practice. （ A） ascribe （ B） confirm （ C） adhere （ D） confide 19 So many people are_ with Google, the largest search engine that provides the most response
12、s to search queries. （ A） haunted （ B） obsessed （ C） indulged （ D） addicted 20 John has received offer letters from three companies, but he wants to_his options open, as he hasnt decided what kind of job he wants to do. （ A） take （ B） leave （ C） let （ D） make 二、 Cloze 20 In a move to disseminate fac
13、ulty research and scholarship more broadly, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences(FAS)voted on Tuesday to give Harvard University a worldwide license to make each faculty members scholarly articles available and to exercise the copyright in the articles,【 C1】 _that the articles are not sold for a profit.
14、 “The goal of university research is the creation, dissemination, and【 C2】 _of knowledge. At Harvard, 【 C3】 _so much of our research is of global significance, we have an essential responsibility to【 C4】 _the fruits of our scholarship as widely as possible,“ said Provost Steven E. Hyman. “Todays【 C5
15、】 _in FAS will promote free and open【 C6】 _to significant, ongoing research. “ Harvard will take advantage of the【 C7】 _by hosting FAS faculty members scholarly articles in an open-access repository, making them available worldwide for【 C8】 _. The faculty member will【 C9】 _the copyright of the artic
16、le, 【 C10】 _the Universitys license. The repository contents can be made widely available to the【 C11】 _through search engines such as Google Scholar. This access will benefit scholars at all research【 C12】 _, which have seen their ability to 【 C13】 _subscriptions to a full【 C14】 _of scholarly journ
17、als seriously compromised over the past few years. Research centers in poorer countries have been especially【 C15】 _by the access limitations caused by the high cost of many journals, Shieber pointed out. 21 【 C1】 （ A） except （ B） so （ C） provided （ D） despite 22 【 C2】 （ A） preservation （ B） fascina
18、tion （ C） contribution （ D） suspension 23 【 C3】 （ A） why （ B） where （ C） though （ D） while 24 【 C4】 （ A） transmit （ B） accommodate （ C） transfer （ D） distribute 25 【 C5】 （ A） action （ B） campaign （ C） election （ D） function 26 【 C6】 （ A） atmosphere （ B） access （ C） attitude （ D） acknowledgement 27 【
19、 C7】 （ A） goal （ B） promotion （ C） license （ D） research 28 【 C8】 （ A） fun （ B） long （ C） free （ D） good 29 【 C9】 （ A） retain （ B） remain （ C） refrain （ D） restrain 30 【 C10】 （ A） opposed to （ B） similar to （ C） pertinent to （ D） subject to 31 【 C11】 （ A） staff （ B） public （ C） medium （ D） authority
20、 32 【 C12】 （ A） structures （ B） markets （ C） institutions （ D） fragments 33 【 C13】 （ A） maintain （ B） extend （ C） cancel （ D） combine 34 【 C14】 （ A） domain （ B） range （ C） report （ D） board 35 【 C15】 （ A） privileged （ B） sanctioned （ C） punished （ D） harmed 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 The idea of bu
21、ilding “New Towns“ to absorb growth is frequently considered a cure-all for urban problems. It is erroneously assumed that if new residents can be diverted from existing centers, the present urban situation at least will get no worse. It is further and equally erroneously assumed that since European
22、 New Towns have been financially and socially successful, we can expect the same sorts of results in the United States. Present planning, thinking, and legislation will not produce the kinds of New Town that have been successful abroad. It will multiply suburbs or encourage developments in areas whe
23、re land is cheap and construction profitable rather than where New Towns are genuinely needed. Such ill-considered projects not only will fail to relieve pressures on existing cities but will, in fact, tend to weaken those cities further by drawing away high-income citizens and increasing the concen
24、tration of low-income groups that are unable to provide tax revenues. The remaining taxpayers, accordingly, will face increasing burdens, and industry and commerce will seek escape. Unfortunately, this mechanism is already at work in some metropolitan areas. The promoters of New Towns so far in the
25、United States have been developers, builders, and financial institutions. The main interest of these promoters is economic gain. Furthermore, federal regulations designed to promote the New Town idea do not consider social needs as the European New Town plans do. In fact, our regulations specify vir
26、tually all the ingredients of the typical suburban community, with a bit of political rhetoric thrown in. A workable American New Town formula should be established as firmly here as the national formula was in Britain. All possible social and governmental innovations as well as financial factors sh
27、ould be thoroughly considered and accommodated in this policy. Its objectives should be clearly stated, and both incentives and penalties should be provided to ensure that the objectives are pursued. If such a policy is developed, then the New Town approach can play an important role in alleviating
28、Americas urban problems. 36 As revealed in Para. 1, the author considers the American New Town approach_. （ A） atypical （ B） irrelevant （ C） impractical （ D） unprecedented 37 According to the author, the present New Town plan will_. （ A） fail to bring about the intended results （ B） produce genuinel
29、y needed New Towns （ C） bridge the gap between the poor and the rich （ D） help resolve the spreading urban problems 38 The author believes that the New Town projects will lead to_. （ A） more brisk commercial activities in the cities （ B） more low-income people living in the suburbs （ C） higher incid
30、ence of tax avoidance by industries （ D） heavier tax burdens on the remaining citizens 39 In the authors opinion, the European New Town plans are superior to the Americas in their concern for_. （ A） the typical suburban community （ B） the interests of the promoters （ C） the welfare of the general pu
31、blic （ D） the governments political achievement 40 Which of the following accords with the New Town formula in Britain, according to the passage? （ A） The accommodation of all the requests of low-income groups. （ B） The consideration of all possible aspects of urban problems. （ C） The explanation of
32、 all regulations concerning New Towns. （ D） The clarification of all the innovations at the national level. 40 It is a treasure hunt with a difference; conducted not with metal detectors, but by negotiation. Italy is at last reaping the benefits of a two-year campaign to regain smuggled antiquities.
33、 Five American museums have been talked into returning works that they claim to have acquired in good faith. Almost 70 of the finest are now on display in Rome and they have just been joined by the only known intact work by Euphronios, an Athenian vase-painter. New ground is also being broken with t
34、he return of nine items from the private collection of a New York philanthropist, Shelby White. This is the first pact negotiated with an individual. Francesco Rutelli, the culture minister, met Ms White twice in America before the deal was done. She has always maintained that she and her late husba
35、nd had no idea that the pieces were suspect. A tenth item from their collection, also by Euphronios, is being sent back to Italy in 2010. Under Italian law, any classical artefacts found on Italian soil belong to the state, even if(like Euphronios vases)they originated in Greece. A former head of th
36、e J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles and an American art dealer have been on trial for almost three years in Rome, charged with trafficking in illegally excavated objects. Both deny wrongdoing. Their charge was followed by a deal that officials say is crucial for efforts to curb the traffic in smug
37、gled antiquities. Switzerland has undertaken to require importers of classical artifacts to produce proofs of origin and of legal export. The deals with the museums have all involved give-and-take. In exchange for works claimed by Italy, the museums have been given others on long-term loan. “Italian
38、 lovers of art and archaeology will get back what has been stolen, while others abroad will profit from the exhibition of sometimes even more beautiful works,“ says Mr Rutelli. The deal with the Getty museum was the hardest to do but also the most productive: 40 of the works on show in Rome come fro
39、m there. But they do not include the “Getty bronze“, which the Italians had hoped to retrieve. This third-century BC statue, attributed to Lysippos, Greek sculptor, was caught by Italian fishermen in 1964. The Getty insists that it was found in international waters. The Italians say it was still ill
40、egally exported. 41 Paragraph 1 mainly focus on Italys_. （ A） success in getting back some lost art treasure from abroad （ B） talk with foreign museums for returning its art treasures （ C） effort to find out where its smuggled art treasures are （ D） exhibition of some of its world-famous art treasur
41、es 42 What can be learned about Euphronios? （ A） His works have been scattered all over Europe. （ B） Ten of his works have been returned to Italy. （ C） His works have not been well preserved. （ D） None of his works has ever been exhibited. 43 Ms. White insisted that she got the Italian items_. （ A）
42、for charitable purposes （ B） from her late husband （ C） by making a good deal （ D） in ignorance of their identity 44 The trial of the two Americans in Italy helped to push some countries to_. （ A） be strict with importing classical artifacts （ B） be tough to classical artifact traffickers （ C） requi
43、re legal proof of all imported goods （ D） stop importing art works of foreign origin 45 To reclaim its treasures from foreign museums, Italy has chosen to_. （ A） pay them for the long-time maintenance （ B） let them display some of its other works （ C） lend them money to buy some other works （ D） hel
44、p them find some precious works to display 46 What is true about “Getty bronze“ according to the passage? （ A） It was taken away from Greece. （ B） It was found by some Italian fishermen. （ C） It was illegally exported to the U. S.A. （ D） It was buried somewhere in Italy. 47 The best title for this p
45、assage might be_. （ A） Antiquity Smugglers Sentenced （ B） Cost Paid for Wrongdoings （ C） Art Treasures Coming Home （ D） Cultural Rarities on Display 47 Greg Gadson, a lieutenant colonel in the Armys Warrior Transition Brigade, is a natural leader the kind of guy youd be looking for on the battlefiel
46、d. Hes also the kind of guy Mike Sullivan, a coach for the New York Giants, whose thought could make a difference to his losing football team. The two men had gone to US Military Academy at West Point together but hadnt been in touch much afterward, until Sullivan walked into Gadsons hospital room a
47、t Walter Reed Army Medical Center, outside Washington, D. C. , last June. Friends had told Sullivan that his former Army football teammate had suffered serious injuries in Iraq resulting in both of Gadsons legs being amputated above the knee. “This man had suffered so much,“ Sullivan recalls, “yet h
48、e was so happy to see me. “ The coach, who brought his old friend a signed Giants jersey with the number 98 on it, watched as Gadson interacted with the other patients and the doctors and nurses, encouraging them all. “To see the impact he had on these people the look in his eyes and how they respon
49、ded was overwhelming and inspirational. “ Sullivan couldnt help but be impressed by Gadsons enthusiasm and lack of self-pity. When the Giants were scheduled to play the Redskins in Washington three months later, Sullivan sent his friend tickets along with a request; Would Gadson speak to the team before they took the field? Having lost the fir
