1、2007年 3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but_ and more gradually than now seems desirable. （ A） reluctantly （ B） unwittingly （ C） impulsively （ D） anxiously 2 In fear for their lives and in_of their freedom, thousands of ensl
2、aved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War. （ A） way （ B） view （ C） vision （ D） pursuit 3 If I could envisage a reasonably quick and comprehensive solution to the crisis in Iraq, I would not have entitled my speech “The_Problem“. （ A） Instant （ B） Invers
3、e （ C） Insoluble （ D） Intact 4 Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to _ in the man and woman who had eased their suffering. （ A） confide （ B） ponder （ C） dwell （ D） reflect 5 We all buy things on the_of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse buy“. （ A） urge （ B） f
4、orce （ C） spur （ D） rush 6 Nothing has ever equaled the _and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world. （ A） concern （ B） magnitude （ C） volume （ D） carelessness 7 The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was_ called “hot“ and lat
5、er “swing“. （ A） shortly （ B） initially （ C） actually （ D） literally 8 The depth of benefits of reading varies in_the depth of ones own experience. （ A） tempo with （ B） time with （ C） pace of （ D） proportion to 9 Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he wo
6、uld never allow his personal feelings to_with an assignment. （ A） interrupt （ B） bother （ C） interfere （ D） intervene 10 His_with computers began six months ago. （ A） imagination （ B） innovation （ C） observation （ D） obsession 11 I like cats but unfortunately I am_to them. （ A） vulnerable （ B） aller
7、gic （ C） inclined （ D） hostile 12 Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become_and are no longer used in the present days. （ A） obsolete （ B） obscene （ C） obvious （ D） oblique 13 One of the main ways to stay out of trouble with government agents is to keep a low_, i. e. stay aw
8、ay from those situations wherein you call attention to yourself. （ A） manner （ B） position （ C） profile （ D） station 14 With 1 million copies sold out within just 2 weeks, that book is indeed a_success. （ A） provisional （ B） sensational （ C） sentimental （ D） potential 15 As the core of the managemen
9、t board, he can always come up with_ ideas to promote the corporations marketing strategies. （ A） integral （ B） instinctive （ C） intangible （ D） ingenious 16 They speak of election campaign polls as a musician might of an orchestra_, or a painter of defective paint. （ A） in pace （ B） out of focus （
10、C） in step （ D） out of tune 17 Surely it doesnt matter where charities get their money from: what_much is what they do with it. （ A） counts for （ B） asks for （ C） consists of （ D） approves of 18 Any business needs insurance_ordinary risks such as fire, flood and breakage. （ A） in （ B） against （ C） o
11、n （ D） of 19 As he was a thoroughly professional journalist, he already knew the media_. （ A） to and fro （ B） upside and down （ C） inside and out （ D） now and then 20 There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, , there was little to disprove it. （ A） by the same token （ B） und
12、er the same condition （ C） at the same stage （ D） for the same purpose 二、 Cloze 20 There is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interior decoration【 C1】 _we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequent baths【 C2】 _they were afraid to see their own n
13、aked bodies, and this moral concept delayed the【 C3】 _of the modern white-enameled bathtub for centuries. One can understand【 C4】 _in the design of old Chinese furniture there was so little consideration for human【 C5】 _only when we realize the Confucian atmosphere in which people moved about. Chine
14、se redwood furniture was designed for people to sit【 C6】 _in, because that was the only posture approved by society. Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a(n)【 C7】 _on which I would not think of【 C8】 _for more than five minutes, and for that matter the English kings were just as badly off. Cleopatra
15、went about【 C9】 _on a couch carried by servants, because【 C10】 _she had never heard of Confucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that, he would certainly have struck her shins with a stick, as he did【 C11】_one of his old disciples, Yuan Jiang, when the latter was found sitting in an【 C12】 _
16、posture. In the Confucian society in which we lived, gentlemen and ladies had to【 C13】 _themselves perfectly erect, at least on formal【 C14】_, and any sign of putting ones leg up would be at once considered a sign of vulgarity and lack of【 C15】 _. 21 【 C1】 （ A） for （ B） than （ C） as （ D） that 22 【 C
17、2】 （ A） if （ B） when （ C） because （ D） though 23 【 C3】 （ A） rise （ B） existence （ C） occurrence （ D） increase 24 【 C4】 （ A） what （ B） where （ C） how （ D） why 25 【 C5】 （ A） care （ B） choice （ C） concern （ D） comfort 26 【 C6】 （ A） upright （ B） tight （ C） fast （ D） stiff 27 【 C7】 （ A） armchair （ B） thr
18、one （ C） altar （ D） couch 28 【 C8】 （ A） moving （ B） keeping （ C） remaining （ D） lasting 29 【 C9】 （ A） traveling （ B） staying （ C） wandering （ D） reclining 30 【 C10】 （ A） fortunately （ B） frankly （ C） accordingly （ D） apparently 31 【 C11】 （ A） in （ B） on （ C） to （ D） at 32 【 C12】 （ A） irresponsible （
19、 B） incorrect （ C） immoral （ D） imperfect 33 【 C13】 （ A） hold （ B） sit （ C） behave （ D） conduct 34 【 C14】 （ A） conditions （ B） situations （ C） occasions （ D） instances 35 【 C15】 （ A） culture （ B） confidence （ C） morality （ D） modesty 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Most people would be impressed by the
20、high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face in the court
21、s if they handle things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not
22、 looking after the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84. 5 billion dollars more than 10 percent of the U. S. budget large numbers of Americans are left out. These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who f
23、ail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to
24、pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up. Two-thirds of the population are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insur
25、ance company will pay the bill. The medical profession has as a result become Americas new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $ 100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctors surgery is as likely to be about the doctors latest financial deal, as about whet
26、her the minor operation he is recommending at, several thousand dollars is entirely necessary. The rising cost of medicine in the US is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health cost climbed 15. 9 percent about twice as fast as prices in general. 36 In the US pa
27、tients can expect, in medical treatment, _. （ A） occasional mistakes by careless doctors （ B） a great deal of personal attention （ C） low charge by doctors and hospitals （ D） slacking nurses and bad services 37 Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because_. （ A） they fear to be su
28、ed by the patients （ B） they care much about their reputation （ C） they compete for getting more patients （ D） they wish to join the private medical system 38 What do most Americans think about health care in the US? （ A） It must be in total chaos. （ B） It must be a free competition system. （ C） It
29、should cover the unemployed. （ D） It should involve private care. 39 From paragraph 3 we know that_from the public health system. （ A） millions of jobless people get support （ B） those with steady income do not seek help （ C） some people are made ineligible to benefit （ D） those with private health
30、care are excluded 40 According to the author, what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the US? （ A） The refusal of insurance companies to pay the bills. （ B） The increase of the number of doctors and hospitals. （ C） The lack of government control over the medical prices. （ D） The merger
31、of private health care with the public system. 41 It is implied that American doctors often_. （ A） trade their professionalism for financial benefits （ B） fail to recognize the paying power of the patients （ C） discuss about how to make money during the surgery （ D） give the patients expensive but n
32、eedless treatments 41 Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills, garbage dumps, petrochemical plants,refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became d
33、umping grounds. But citizens didnt remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civi
34、l rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose bas
35、ic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions. In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention. In 1991, a new breed of en
36、vironmental activists gathered in Washington, D. C. , to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities. Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmenta
37、l protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what “the environment“ was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the phys
38、ical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide. Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leade
39、rship Summit was convened in Washington, D. C. , this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1,400 people attended the four-day gathering. “We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, res
40、earchers, planners, policy analysts and government officials. We proved to the world that our movement is alive and well, and growing,“ says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show powerful environmental and health disparities between people of col
41、or and Whites. 42 In paragraph 1, the word “residents“ refers to_in particular. （ A） ethnic groups in the US （ B） the American general public （ C） African Americans （ D） the US working-class 43 More than three decades ago, environmental justice was_. （ A） controversial among local activities （ B） fi
42、rst proposed by Martin Luther King Jr. （ C） fascinating to the civil rights groups （ D） barely realized by many environmentalists 44 In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis to help the garbage workers_. （ A） get relieved of some of their basic duties （ B） know what environmental justice was
43、（ C） fight for better working conditions （ D） recognize their dangerous surroundings 45 Paragraph 3 implies that, in 1979, _. （ A） the environmental justice issues were first brought to court in Houston （ B） environmental activists cooperated in defying the US government （ C） the government interven
44、tion helped promote environmental justice （ D） environmental problems attracted the attention of the government 46 The new breed of environmental activists differed from the previous activists in that_. （ A） they noticed environmental disparities between the rich and the poor （ B） they cried for gov
45、ernment intervention in saving the environment （ C） they knew what “the environment“ really meant to the White people （ D） they practiced environmentalism outside as well as within the US 47 With respect to getting environmental justice, Summit II was aimed for_. （ A） showing the achieved success （
46、B） attracting national attention （ C） identifying relevant issues （ D） finding solutions to the problems 47 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matte
47、r how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their
48、 natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inseparately tied to their childrens success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it is no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that ambition can be t
49、aught like any other subject at school. Its not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities, but they cant be forced,“ says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan who led a study examining what motivated first-and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologis
