1、Designation: C559 90 (Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forBulk Density by Physical Measurements of ManufacturedCarbon and Graphite Articles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulkdensi
3、ty of manufactured articles of carbon and graphite of atleast 500 mm3volume. The bulk density is calculated to anaccuracy of 0.25 %, using measurements of mass and dimen-sions in air at 25 6 5C.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
4、It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI) (the
5、 Modern Metric System)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bulk density the mass of a unit volume of materialincluding both permeable and impermeable voids.4. Significance and Use4.1 Bulk density as determined by this test method is a basicmaterial property of impor
6、tance in manufacturing and applica-tion of carbon and graphite.4.2 This test method can be used for quality and processcontrol, material characterization and description, and otherpurposes.5. Preparation of Test Specimens5.1 Machine test specimens from the manufactured articlein the form of a rectan
7、gular parallelepiped or a right circularcylinder. The minimum mass of the specimen shall be 2000times the sensitivity of the balance used to weigh the specimen,and the volume of the specimen shall not be less than 500 mm3.The minimum dimension of the specimen shall be the larger of:5.1.1 Ten times t
8、he length of the largest visible particle, and5.1.2 2000 times the resolution of the device used formeasuring the dimension.5.2 During the machining operation, use no lubricant havinga boiling point above 100C. All corners, edges, and faces ofthe specimen should be free of chips or gouges. Ensure th
9、at thespecimen is free of any residue from the machining operation.Dry the specimen for a minimum of2hat110C, and thenallow it to cool to 25 6 5C in a desiccator. The specimen shallnot be removed from the desiccator until immediately prior toweighing.6. Procedure6.1 Weigh the specimen to an accuracy
10、 of 0.05 % using abalance or scale. During the weighing operation, handle thespecimen with soft-tipped tongs.6.2 Measure each dimension of the test specimen to anaccuracy of 0.05 %.6.2.1 If the specimen is a rectangular parallelepiped, makefour measurements of the length (longest dimension). Takeeac
11、h measurement along the center of each of the four longfaces of the specimen. Measure the width and thickness at eachend and at two intermediate points along the length of thespecimen. Determine the mean of each dimension.6.2.2 If the specimen is a right circular cylinder, measure thelength at four
12、points, 90 apart on the periphery of the circularend faces. Make two sets of diameter measurements. Each setshall consist of four measurements, one at each end and two atintermediate points along an axial line. These sets shall lie at90 to each other. Determine the mean length and the mean ofeach of
13、 the two sets of diameter measurements.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. O
14、riginallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C55990 (2005). DOI:10.1520/C0559-90R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
15、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Calculation7.1 Convert the mass to milligrams and the dimensions tomillimetres, or convert the mass to megagrams and thedimensions to m
16、etres. Conversion factors are available inIEEE/ASTM SI-10.7.2 The volume of the specimen may be calculated asfollows:For a rectangular parallelepiped:V 5 lwt (1)where:V = volume, mm3(or m3),l = mean length, mm (or m),w = mean width, mm (or m), andt = mean thickness, mm (or m).For a right circular cy
17、linder:V 5 pd1d2l!/4 (2)where:d1,d2= mean diameters, mm (or m).7.3 The bulk density of the specimen may be calculated asfollows:D 5 M/V (3)where:D = bulk density, mg/mm3(or Mg/m3),M = mass, mg (or Mg), andV = volume, mm3(or m3).8. Report8.1 Report the following:8.1.1 Type, source, grade, and form of
18、 the sample, and8.1.2 Densities of the individual specimens and the mean.9. Precision and Bias9.1 No numerical statement can be made on the intralabo-ratory or interlaboratory precision of this test method, sincesuch tests have not been run. The resultant density will beaccurate to within the claime
19、d 0.25 % if the following condi-tions are met in their entirety:9.1.1 All measuring devices (calipers, scales, and balances)have accuracy, at the time of use, equal to the resolution of thedevice. Such accuracy can be verified by measurement ofstandards before and after any series of density determi
20、nations,plus a program of regular calibration of standards.9.1.2 The machined specimens have right angles accurate to61.9.1.3 The machined specimens have plane surfaces flat towithin 0.05 % of the dimension perpendicular to the plane. Ifthe specimen is a rectangular parallelepiped, nonparallel oppo-
21、site sides will cause a systematic error if a standard micrometerhaving flat anvil faces is used. (If a round anvil micrometer isused, disregard the following.) The systematic error will begreater than the accuracy of the measurement if the measure-ments of a given dimension are uniformly increasing
22、 ordecreasing along the specimen, and if tan u (0.001) (meandimension being measured)/(micrometer anvil diameter),where u is the angle by which the sides deviate from parallel-ism (u = 0 for parallel sides). If tan u is greater than thespecified tolerance, the specimen should be discarded.9.2 If spe
23、cimens having volumes close to the minimum (500mm3) are used, extra care should be taken to ensure that thespecified accuracies are achieved.9.3 Surface roughness may cause systematic errors in di-mension measurements since micrometer calipers generallyread surface peaks. In order to ensure that the
24、 accuracystandards for dimension measurements are met, the maximumpeak-to-valley distance shall be less than 0.05 % of thedimension being measured.9.4 The buoyant effect of the air will cause a systematicerror. For typical carbon and graphite, the densities will be lowby approximately 0.05 %. This s
25、ystematic error has been takeninto account in the overall bias (0.25 %) of the test method.9.5 Errors can be introduced by deformation of specimensfrom application of force during dimensional measurement.Care must be taken not to exert force on a specimen duringmeasurement, particularly when measuri
26、ng a low modulusmaterial.9.6 Contamination of specimens during handling can causethe apparent mass to deviate from the true mass. The cautionsin Sections 5 and 6 concerning specimen handling and clean-liness must be observed.10. Keywords10.1 bulk; carbon density; graphite; gravimetric; physicalASTM
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30、 Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C559 90 (2010)2
