1、Designation: C 501 84 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Test Method forRelative Resistance to Wear of Unglazed Ceramic Tile bythe Taber Abraser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2covers the establishment of an abra-sive wear index by determination of the
3、loss of weight resultingfrom abrasion of unglazed ceramic tile. It is applicable to tiledescribed in Definitions C 242.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
4、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProducts32.2 Federal Specif
5、ication:SS-T308b Tile, Floor, Wall, and Trim Units, Ceramic43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, seeTerminology C 242.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of mounting the tile specimensin suitable holders, attaching the mounted hold
6、ers to thespindle of the Taber Abraser, and subjecting the specimens toa prescribed number of revolutions under abrasive wheels ofspecified coarseness and under a definite applied load. Fromthe loss of weight due to abrasion, the abrasive wear index iscalculated by a given formula.5. Apparatus5.1 Ta
7、ber Abrading Machine,5equipped with replaceablehard abrasive H-22 Calibrade wheels, which can be loaded byweights.5.2 Vacuum Pick-Up, to remove the abraded material whilethe machine is in operation.5.3 Revolution Counter.5.4 Wheel Refacer.55.5 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.6. Sampling6.1 F
8、our tile specimens 4 in. (102 mm) square or larger, orif ceramic mosaic tile, sufficient tile for four specimen assem-blies 4 in. square shall constitute a sample and shall be chosenfrom the lot to be tested. Only tile that show no visible warpagewhen checked with a straightedge shall be used.7. Tes
9、t Specimen7.1 The test specimen shall be 4 in. (102 mm) square and inone piece, if possible. If larger, it should be trimmed down tothe desired size by removing equal amounts on opposite sides.In case of ceramic mosaic tile where several small units mustbe used to obtain a 4-in. square specimen asse
10、mbly, the smallunits shall be mounted securely on a 4-in. square rigid material,such as a metal plate, by means of a suitable adhesive, and insuch a manner that open joints are eliminated and the tile1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 onCeramic Whitewares and Related
11、Products and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Dec. 28, 1984. Published February 1985. Originallypublished as C 501 62. Last previous edition C 501 80.2This test method is basically the same as the abrasion test given in FederalSpecification
12、SS-T-308b, except two minor changes have been made:(1) The number of specimens required by the test is changed from three to four,so that the condition of the abrasive wheels used can be specified as new and oncedressed. The diameters of wheels redressed more than once vary greatly andnonuniformly,
13、introducing an unnecessary variation in test results.(2) The bulk specific gravity of the tile tested has been eliminated fromcalculation of the wear index. The probable resulting maximum error of 212 %inthewear-index value, when an average is assumed, does not justify the cumbersomedeterminations o
14、f bulk specific gravity of the specimen. Measurements of bulkspecific gravities of twenty different unglazed tile from eight different manufactur-ers, including quarry tile, porcelain tile, natural clay tile and conductive tile showeda range of bulk specific gravity from 2.34 to 2.47, except for tha
15、t of conductive tilewhich was as high as 2.98. The average of 2.40 was selected as a constant to besubstituted for G in the SS-T-308b formula to obtain the formula in this test method.Therefore, to obtain the value 88, the constant of 36.75 in the SS-T-308b test hasbeen multipled by 2.40 to keep the
16、 wear indexes of both tests on the same numericalscale.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 5The Tabor Abraser and the Model 200 wheel refacer are available fromTe
17、ledyne Taber Instrument Corp., 17 Goundry St., North Tonawanda, NY 14150.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.surfaces lie in a plane and are parallel to the metal plate. Thiscan best be accomplished by placing the small t
18、ile units facedown and in direct contact with each other on a true planesurface, such as a piece of plate glass, applying a sufficientlythick layer of adhesive to the 4-in. square metal plate that is toform the support of the assembly, and laying the metal plate onthe tile units with the adhesive do
19、wn. Apply a weight of at least2 kg and of the same facial dimensions as the metal plate. If theassembly is kept in this position until the adhesive has set, anydifference in thickness of the individual tile units is taken upbetween the tile and the backing plate and the plane of the faceof the tiles
20、 will be parallel with the plane of the metal plate.8. Procedure8.1 Mount the specimen or specimen assembly on thedrive-pin holder by means of a double-sided pressure-sensitivesheet. Cut the pressure-sensitive sheet to approximately 3 in.(76 mm) square and center it on the specimen. Determine thewei
21、ght of the specimen and holder assembly to 60.05 g andrecord this weight.8.2 Alternatively, mount the specimen on the holder bymeans of the center bolt and nut; the specimen must have adrilled hole at its center for this mounting. If a center boltmounting is used, the specimen may be weighed alone (
22、withoutthe holder) before and after the test. This mounting is recom-mended when heavy specimens plus the weight of the holdermight exceed the capacity of the available balance.8.3 Mount the holder on the spindle of the abrading machineequipped with H-22 coarse Calibrade wheels, new or freshlydresse
23、d once on the wheel refacer (Note 1). Apply a 9.8-N load(Note 2) to each abrasive wheel and carefully swing the wheelsinto position on the specimen. Apply the vacuum pickup to thespecimen by arranging the exhaust nozzle116 to18 in. (1.5 to3.0 mm) above the specimen.NOTE 1Two sets of new wheels are r
24、equired for this method. Theyshall each be used new and refaced once. There shall be a total of four1000-cycle runs.NOTE 29.8 N = 1 kgf.8.4 Run the abraser for a total of 1000 cycles, determined byreading the revolution counter. Remove the holder with thespecimen and reweigh to 60.05 g.8.5 Repeat th
25、is operation for the other three specimens orspecimen assemblies.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the abrasive wear index, Iw, expressed inwhole numbers, as follows:Iw588Wo2 Wf(1)where:Wo= original weight of specimen and holder, g, andWf= final weight of specimen and holder, gNOTE 3If a center bolt mount
26、ing has been used, the weight of theholder is eliminated.10. Report10.1 Report the following:10.1.1 Type and size of tile tested,10.1.2 Average abrasive wear index of the four specimenstested, and10.1.3 Abrasive wear index of each of the four specimenstested.11. Precision and Bias611.1 The following
27、 values were determined for the percentcoefficients of variation of this test method on the basis of aninterlaboratory test program.11.1.1 PrecisionThe intralaboratory results were 9% andthe interlaboratory results 10 %.11.1.2 Bias11.1.2.1 No statement of bias can legitimately be derived forthis tes
28、t method, since no generally accepted reference stan-dard is available for comparison.11.1.2.2 The rate of abrasion is sensitive to relative humid-ity and where possible, test should be run under constanthumidity conditions. The relationship to humidity is presentlyunder study by Subcommittee C21.06
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