1、Designation: C444 03 (Reapproved 2009)C444 17Standard Specification forPerforated Concrete Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C444; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers perforated concrete pip
3、e intended to be used for underdrainage.1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification C444M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in thespecification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respo
4、nsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the
5、 Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products3. Terminolog
6、y3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of two classes known as Type 1 and Type 2, which cover twoarrangements of perforations to be used with pipe manufactured according
7、to any of the standard specifications for plain orreinforced concrete pipe, and any of the classifications within those standard specifications.4.1.1 Type 1 perforated pipe shall have circular perforations conforming to 6.1 and Table 1.4.1.2 Type 2 perforated pipe shall have slotted perforations con
8、forming to 6.2 and Table 2.4.1.3 It is intended that perforated pipe shall be specified by reference to this specification and the specification for the type andclass of pipe desired.NOTE 1ExampleExample“Perforated concrete pipe shall conform to the requirements of Specification C444 Type 2, and all
9、 applicable requirementsof Specification C14, Class 2.”5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of all applicable tests (Note 2) prescribed for the type andclass of pipe specified, and by inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this spec
10、ification as to design and freedomfrom defects.NOTE 2It is intended that all tests will be applicable except those having to do with permeability and the hydrostatic test.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
11、ittee C13.01 on Non-ReinforcedConcrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.Current edition approved June 1, 2009April 1, 2017. Published July 2009May 2017. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 asC444 03.C444 03(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C0444-03R09.10.1520/C0444-17.2 For re
12、ferencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide
13、 the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the sta
14、ndard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Perforations6.1 Type 1Perforations shall be circular, not more than 516 in. or less than 316 in. in diameter, and
15、arranged in rows parallelto the axis of the pipe. Perforations shall be 3 in. center-to-center, along rows. rows, with no less than 12 in. of cover over anyreinforcing steel. The spigot or tongue end shall not be perforated for a length equal to the depth of the socket, or depth of thegroove plus 34
16、 in. and perforations shall continue at uniform spacing along the entire length of the barrel. The total number of rowsshall be as shown in Table 1. The rows shall be spaced over not more than 165 of circumference. Rows shall be symmetricallyarranged with respect to the intended top or bottom of the
17、 pipe.6.2 Type 2Slots shall be circumferential in direction, not more than 316 in. or less than 18 in. in width, and of the lengthsshown in Table 2. There shall be two rows of slots, spaced 165 apart, and centered, in the case of elliptically reinforced pipe, aboutthe minor axis of the reinforcing.
18、Slots shall be spaced as shown in Table 2, except as modified herein for plain-end pipe. pipe withno less than 12 in. cover over any reinforcing steel. The distance from the spigot end, or from the shoulder of the tongue end, tothe first pair of slots shall be not more than 1 in. greater than the sp
19、ecified slot spacing, nor less than 1 in. less than the specifiedslot spacing. Slots shall continue at uniform spacing along the length of the barrel.6.2.1 Slots in plain-end pipe shall be spaced as shown in Table 2 except that smaller spacing shall be used where necessary toprovide not less than th
20、ree equally spaced slots in each row. Slots shall be centered with respect to the ends of the pipe and thereshall be not more than the specified slot spacing from the pipe end to the first pair of slots, or less than one half of the slot spacingemployed.6.3 Type 3The allowable water area for opening
21、s other than Type 1 or Type 2 shall not be less than the equivalent openingareas shown in Table 1 and Table 2.6.4 The manufacturer shall submit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, sizes sizes, shapes, methods, andarrangements of perforations other than specified herein.6.5 If perforatio
22、ns, slots, or other openings are more than 316 in. in diameter, the pipe shall be wrapped in a geotextile filter fabricprior to installation.7. Joints7.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that the pipe can be laid togetherto make a continuous lin
23、e of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 8.TABLE 1 Number of Rows of Perforations RequiredInternal Designated Diameter Rows of Perforationsin.4 46 48 410 612 614 615 616 618 820 821 824 827 and larger space rows approximately 6 in.TABLE 2 Requirements for Length and Spac
24、ing of SlotsInternal Designated Diameter Slot Length Slot SpacingAin. in. in.4 1 36 112 38 2 410 2 412 3 614 3 615 3 616 3 618 3 620 3 621 3 624 3 627 and larger 4 6ASee 6.2 for exceptions for plain-end pipe.C444 1728. Permissible Variation in Dimensions8.1 The permissible variation in circular perf
25、oration size or slot width shall be as specified in Section 6. Slot length toleranceis + is +14 in. or or 18 in. Variation in row spacing, or in the spacing of holes or slots in any row, shall be 612 in. except asrequired to provide specified cover for reinforcing steel.9. Repairs9.1 Pipe repaired b
26、ecause of imperfections in manufacture or damage during handling, will be acceptable, if in the opinion ofthe owner, the repairs are sound and properly finished and cured and the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of thisspecification.10. Marking of Rejected Specimens10.1 All rejected pipe s
27、hall be marked clearly by the owner and shall be replaced by the manufacturer with pipe that will meetthe requirements of this specification, without additional cost to the owner.11. Inspection11.1 The quality of all materials and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and approval by the
28、owner. Such inspectionshall be performed at the point of manufacture or delivery. The method of marking as to acceptance or rejection of the pipe shallbe agreed upon, prior to inspection, between the owner and manufacturer. Rejected pipe shall be replaced by the manufacturer withpipe that meets the
29、requirements of this specification.12. Rejection12.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection on account of any of the applicable causes for rejection listed for the type and class ofpipe specified, or on account of any of the following:12.1.1 Variations in dimensions exceeding those specified in Sections
30、 6 and 8, or12.1.2 Any spall more than 12 in. in diameter from the edge of the slot or 14 in. in depth caused by making perforations or slots.13. Keywords13.1 concreteconcrete pipe; perforated; subsurface drainage; underdrainageASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pate
31、nt rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision
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33、ts will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted
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