1、Designation: C361 14Standard Specification forReinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers reinforced concrete pipe in-te
3、nded to be used for the construction of pressure pipelineswith low internal hydrostatic heads generally not exceeding125 ft.1.2 This specification is the inch-pound companion toSpecification C361; therefore, no SI equivalents are presentedin the specification.NOTE 1Field tests on completed portions
4、of the pipeline are notcovered by this specification for the manufacture of the pipe but should beincluded in specifications for pipe laying.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A27/A27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, forGeneral ApplicationA36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structura
5、l SteelA82/A82M Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for ConcreteReinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)3A185/A185M Specification for Steel Welded WireReinforcement, Plain, for Concrete (Withdrawn 2013)3A283/A283M Specification for Low and Intermediate Ten-sile Strength Carbon Steel PlatesA496/A496M Specific
6、ation for Steel Wire, Deformed, forConcrete Reinforcement (Withdrawn 2013)3A497/A497M Specification for Steel Welded WireReinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete (Withdrawn2013)3A575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, MerchantQuality, M-GradesA576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,Sp
7、ecial QualityA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical PropertiesA706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformedand Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA
8、1008/A1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled,Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, SolutionHardened, and Bake HardenableA1011/A1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,
9、High-Strength Low-Alloy with ImprovedFormability, and Ultra-High StrengthC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC150 Specification for Portland
10、 CementC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections,or Tile (Metric)C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash
11、 and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-LoadCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC16
12、19 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete StructuresD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct respon
13、sibility of Subcommittee C13.04 on Low HeadPressure Pipe.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originallyapproved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C361 12. DOI:10.1520/C0361-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
14、 ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
15、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Using a Vibratory TableD4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density2.2 Other Standards:ACI Code 318 Standard Buil
16、ding Code Requirements forReinforced Concrete4AISI-C 10125ASCE 15-93 Standard Practice for Direct Design of BuriedPrecast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations(SIDD)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Classification4.1 Pipe man
17、ufactured according to this specification shallbe for hydrostatic heads of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ft measuredto the centerline of the pipe. Designs are provided in Table 1for the above hydrostatic heads combined with external load-ings of 5, 10, 15, and 20 ft (designated A, B, C, and D in Table1)
18、of earth cover over the top of the pipe under specificinstallation conditions. The specific installation conditions arecovered in Appendix X1. Where the hydrostatic head, externalloadings, and installation conditions vary from those given inTable 1 and Appendix X1, detailed design calculations shall
19、 bemade. The design criteria for Table 1 are presented in Appen-dix X2.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the pipe in all diameters and classesshall be determined by the results of such material tests as arerequired in 6.2 through 6.9 by crushing tests on cured concretecylinders, by hydrosta
20、tic pressure tests on units of the pipe, byjoint leakage tests, and by inspection during or after manufac-ture to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specifica-tion as to design and freedom from defects.5.2 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready foracceptance when they conform to t
21、he requirements, as indi-cated by the specified tests.6. Materials6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shallconsist of portland cement, mineral aggregates, and water, inwhich steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steeland concrete act together. Fly ash or pozzolan is not prohib
22、itedwhen used as a partial cement replacement; see 9.1.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 Cement:6.2.1.1 Portland CementPortland cement shall conform tothe requirements of Specification C150.6.2.1.2 Blended Hydraulic CementBlended cement shallconform to the requirements of Specification C595 for Type
23、ISportland blast furnace slag cement or Type IP portland pozzo-lan cement, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IPportland pozzolan cement shall not exceed 20 % by weight.6.2.2 Fly Ash or PozzolanFly ash or pozzolan shallconform to the requirements of Specification C618.6.2.3 Allowable C
24、ementitious MaterialsThe combinationof cementitious materials used in the concrete shall be one ofthe following:6.2.3.1 Portland cement only,6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only, or6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement only.6.2.3.4 A combination of portland cement and fly ash orpozzolan, where
25、in the proportion of fly ash or pozzolan isbetween 5 and 20 % by weight of total cementitious material(portland cement plus fly ash or pozzolan).6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to SpecificationC33, except that the requirements for grading are waived.6.4 AdmixturesAdmixtures, except for air-en
26、trainingagents, shall not be added to the concrete unless permitted bythe owner. At the option of the manufacturer, or if specified bythe owner, the concrete in precast concrete pipe placed by thecast-and-vibrated method shall contain an air-entraining agentconforming to Specification C260. The amou
27、nt of air-entraining agent used shall be such as will affect the entrain-ment of not more than 3 % air by volume of concrete asdischarged from the mixer.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist ofwire conforming to Specification A82/A82M, SpecificationA496/A496M, or of wire reinforcement c
28、onforming to Speci-fication A185/A185M or Specification A497/A497M,orofbars of Grades 40 or 60 steel conforming to SpecificationA615/A615M or of Grade 40 steel conforming to SpecificationA36/A36M, or Grade 60 steel conforming to SpecificationA706/A706M.6.6 Steel for Joint Rings:6.6.1 Steel strips fo
29、r bell rings less than14 in. thick shallconform to Grade SS30 of Specification A1011/A1011M orGrade Designation 1012 of Specification A575. Steel thatmeets the requirements of AISI-C1012 for chemical compo-nents will be acceptable provided it conforms to Grade SS30 ofSpecification A1011/A1011M in ot
30、her respects.6.6.2 Steel plate for bell rings14 in. or more in thickness andspecial shapes for spigot joint rings shall conform to Specifi-cation A36/A36M, or to Grade A of Specification A283/A283M, or to Grade Designation 1012 of Specification A576,or to Grade 50 of Specification A675/A675M. Steel
31、that meetsthe requirements of AISI-C1012 for chemical components willbe acceptable provided it conforms to Specification A36/A36Mor to Specification A283/A283M Min other respects.6.7 Steel Castings for FittingsSteel castings for fittingsshall conform to Grade 70-36, Normalized, of SpecificationA27/A
32、27M.6.8 Steel Plates and Sheets for Specials and FittingsSteel plates for specials and fittings shall conform to Specifi-cation A36/A36M or to Grade B or C of Specification4Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5Availab
33、le from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1140 ConnecticutAve., NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036, http:/www.steel.org.C361 142TABLE1DesignRequirementsforReinforcedConcreteLow-HeadPressurePipe12Through144in.Diameter,ConcreteDesignStrength5000psiexceptasnoted,SteelReinforcementYieldStrength
34、40000psiNOTE1SeeAppendixforspecificinstallationconditionsanddesigncriteriaconditionsrequiredinconjunctionwiththeuseofTable1.NOTE2Designations,A,B,C,andD,forclassofpipe,denote5,10,15,and20ftofearthcoverovertopofpipe.Figures25,Figures50,Figures75,etc.forclassofpipe,denotehydrostaticpressureheadsinfeet
35、measuredtocenterlineofpipe.NOTE3An“s”inplaceofasteelareaindicatesthepipeclassisaspecialdesignrequiringstirrupreinforcement.Stirrupsmaybeeliminatedbychangingwallthickness,mainreinforcement,concretestrength,oracombinationthereof.NOTE4Theboldfacedvaluedenotes6000psiconcretestrengthrequired.Circumferent
36、ialreinforcement,in.2/linearftofpipeInternalDesignatedDia,in.121518212427TypeofReinforce-mentCircularCircularCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalWallThickness,in.2323214321432383238321232123258318314414258314LayersofReinforce-mentSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSing
37、leSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleClassA-250.070.060.090.080.120.100.120.120.150.130.150.140.180.170.180.170.220.200.140.090.110.070.220.17B-250.100.080.140.110.180.150.180.150.230.200.230.200.290.250.290.250.350.300.210.130.160
38、.100.350.21C-250.130.100.200.150.250.200.250.200.330.270.330.270.410.350.410.350.500.420.280.170.210.120.500.28D-250.170.130.260.180.330.260.330.260.430.340.430.340.550.450.550.450.680.550.360.210.260.140.680.36A-500.100.100.130.130.160.150.250.250.200.180.290.290.240.220.330.330.280.260.180.140.150
39、.120.370.37B-500.130.110.180.150.230.200.250.250.290.250.290.290.350.310.350.330.410.370.250.180.200.140.410.37C-500.160.130.230.180.300.250.300.250.380.320.380.320.470.410.470.410.560.490.330.210.250.160.560.37D-500.200.150.290.220.370.300.370.300.480.400.480.400.600.510.600.510.740.620.400.250.300
40、.190.740.40A-750.160.160.200.200.240.240.280.280.330.330.370.370.230.190.200.16B-750.160.160.220.200.270.240.340.300.410.370.480.440.300.220.250.18C-750.190.160.270.220.340.290.430.370.530.460.630.550.370.260.300.21D-750.230.180.330.260.420.340.530.450.660.570.810.680.450.300.350.23A-1000.230.230.29
41、0.290.350.350.400.400.460.460.520.520.280.240.280.24B-1000.230.230.290.290.350.350.400.400.460.460.550.520.350.270.290.23C-1000.230.230.310.290.390.350.480.420.580.520.700.620.420.310.340.25D-1000.260.230.370.290.460.390.580.500.720.620.870.750.490.340.390.27A-1250.310.310.390.390.460.460.540.540.62
42、0.620.690.690.370.320.370.32B-1250.310.310.390.390.460.460.540.540.620.620.690.690.390.320.380.31C-1250.310.310.390.390.460.460.540.540.640.620.760.690.460.350.390.30D-1250.310.310.400.390.510.460.640.550.780.680.940.810.540.390.430.31C361 143TABLE1ContinuedCircumferentialreinforcement,in.2/linearft
43、ofpipeInternalDesignatedDia,in.3033TypeofReinforce-mentCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalWallThickness,in.234318314312434234312278318314334434278334LayersofReinforce-mentSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleClassA-250.250.230.1
44、60.110.150.100.120.080.250.190.290.270.190.130.170.110.140.090.290.21B-250.410.370.250.160.230.150.180.110.410.230.480.450.300.190.260.160.210.130.480.26C-250.600.520.340.210.310.190.230.130.600.310.710.640.410.250.340.210.270.160.710.34D-250.820.690.440.260.400.230.280.160.820.400.920.870.530.320.4
45、40.260.340.190.920.44A-500.320.300.210.160.200.150.170.130.410.410.370.350.240.190.220.170.190.150.450.45B-500.490.450.300.210.280.200.220.150.490.410.560.530.350.250.310.220.260.180.560.45C-500.670.600.390.260.360.240.280.180.670.410.790.720.460.310.400.260.320.210.790.45D-500.900.770.490.310.440.2
46、80.330.200.900.441.000.950.580.370.490.310.390.241.000.49A-750.410.410.270.220.250.210.220.180.450.450.300.240.270.220.250.20B-750.560.520.350.260.330.250.270.200.640.610.410.300.360.270.310.23C-750.740.670.440.310.410.290.320.220.870.800.520.360.450.320.370.26D-750.970.840.530.360.490.330.380.251.0
47、81.030.630.430.540.360.440.29A-1000.580.580.320.270.310.260.310.270.640.640.360.300.340.290.340.29B-1000.630.590.410.310.380.300.320.250.720.690.470.360.420.320.360.28C-1000.820.740.490.360.460.340.370.270.950.880.570.420.500.370.420.31D-1001.040.910.580.410.540.380.420.291.161.110.690.480.590.420.4
48、90.34A-1250.770.770.410.360.410.360.410.360.850.850.460.390.450.390.450.40B-1250.770.770.460.370.430.350.430.350.850.850.520.420.470.380.470.38C-1250.890.810.540.410.510.390.440.331.030.960.630.480.560.420.480.37D-1251.120.990.630.460.590.430.470.341.241.190.740.540.650.470.540.39C361 144TABLE1Conti
49、nuedCircumferentialreinforcement,in.2/linearftofpipeInternalDesignatedDia,in.363942TypeofReinforce-mentCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalCircularEllipticalWallThickness,in.318314453184312414514312414334412512334412LayersofReinforce-mentSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleInnerOuterInnerOuterInnerOuterSingleSingleClassA-250.320.220.150.180.120.150.100.320.230.230.160.200.130.170.110.250.250.250.170.210.150.190.130.270.27B-250.540.350.230.280.180.230.140.540.280.3
