1、Designation: C330/C330M 09Standard Specification forLightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C330/C330M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers lightweight aggreg
3、ates in-tended for use in structural concrete in which prime consider-ations are reducing the density while maintaining the compres-sive strength of the concrete. Procedures covered in thisspecification are not intended for job control of concrete.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pou
4、nd unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.2.1 With regard to other units of mea
5、sure, the valuesstated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.NOTE 1This
6、 specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfac-tory lightweight aggregates for most concrete. It is recognized that it maybe either more or less restrictive than needed for some conditions and forspecial purposes, such as fire resistance, fill, and concrete constructions,the use of which
7、is based on load tests rather than conventional designprocedures.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C29/C29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC
8、39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregatesfor ConcreteC114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC142 Test Method for Clay Lump
9、s and Friable Particles inAggregatesC151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC496/C496M Test Method for Splittin
10、g Tensile Strength ofCylindrical Concrete SpecimensC567 Test Method for Determining Density of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC641 Test Method for Iron Staining Materials in Light-weight Concrete AggregatesC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC702 Practice for
11、 Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Test-ing SizeD75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates2.2 ACI Standards:ACI 211.2 Standard Practices for Selecting Proportions forStructural Lightweight Concrete33. Aggregate Types3.1 Two general types of lightweight aggregates are coveredby this specification, as follow
12、s:3.1.1 Aggregates prepared by expanding, pelletizing, orsintering products such as blast-furnace slag, clay, diatomite,fly ash, shale, or slate, and3.1.2 Aggregates prepared by processing natural materials,such as pumice, scoria, or tuff.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
13、ee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.21 on Lightweight Aggregates and Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C33005. DOI:10.1520/C0330_C03
14、30M-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O
15、. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 The aggregates shall be composed predominately o
16、flightweight-cellular and granular inorganic material.4. Chemical Composition4.1 Lightweight aggregates shall not contain excessiveamounts of deleterious substances, as determined by thefollowing limits:4.1.1 Organic Impurities (Test Method C40)Lightweightaggregates that, upon being subjected to tes
17、t for organicimpurities, produce a color darker than the standard shall berejected, unless it is demonstrated that the discoloration is dueto small quantities of materials not harmful to the concrete.4.1.2 Staining (Test Method C641)An aggregate produc-ing a stain index of 60 or higher shall be reje
18、cted when thedeposited stain is found upon chemical analysis to contain aniron content, expressed as Fe2O3equal to or greater than 1.5mg/200 g of sample.4.1.3 Loss on Ignition (Test Methods C114)The loss onignition of lightweight aggregates shall not exceed 5 %.NOTE 2Some aggregates may contain carb
19、onates or water of hydra-tion that contribute to loss on ignition but may not affect the quality of theproduct. Therefore, when evaluating an aggregate, consideration should begiven to the material characteristics that cause the ignition loss.5. Physical Properties5.1 Lightweight aggregate under tes
20、t shall meet the follow-ing requirements:5.1.1 Clay Lumps and Friable ParticlesThe total amountof clay lumps and friable particles shall not exceed 2 % by drymass.5.1.2 GradingThe grading shall conform to the require-ments shown in Table 1.NOTE 3The surfaces of pyro-processed lightweight aggregate p
21、ar-ticles finer than 75 m (No. 200) sieves are not deleterious and may bemoderately pozzolanic.5.1.3 Uniformity of GradingTo ensure reasonable unifor-mity in the grading of successive shipments of lightweightaggregate, fineness modulus shall be determined on samplestaken from shipments at intervals
22、stipulated by the purchaser. Ifthe fineness modulus of the aggregate in any shipment differsby more than 7 % from that of the sample submitted foracceptance tests, the aggregate in the shipment shall berejected, unless the supplier demonstrates that it will produceconcrete of the required characteri
23、stics.5.1.4 Loose Bulk Density (Test Method C29/C29M)Thedry loose bulk density of lightweight aggregates shall conformto the requirements shown in Table 2 using a 14 L 12 cubicfoot measure.5.1.5 Uniformity of Loose Bulk DensityThe dry loosebulk density of lightweight aggregate shipments sampled andt
24、ested, shall not differ by more than 10 % from that of thesample submitted for acceptance tests, and shall not exceed thelimits in Table 2.5.1.6 Density FactorWhen specified, the density factorshall be determined in accordance with 8.10.5.2 Concrete specimens containing lightweight aggregateunder te
25、st shall meet the following requirements:5.2.1 Compressive Strength (Test Method C39/C39M), Den-sity (Test Method C567), and Splitting Tensile Strength (TestMethod C496/C496M) Compressive strength and densityshall be an average of three specimens and the splitting tensilestrength shall be the averag
26、e of eight specimens. It shall bepossible to produce structural concrete using the lightweightaggregates under test, so that from the same batch of concreteone or more of the compressive strength requirements andsplitting tensile strength requirements in Table 3 will besatisfied without exceeding th
27、e corresponding maximum den-sity values.NOTE 4Intermediate values for strength and corresponding densityvalues shall be established by interpolation. Materials that do not meet theminimum average splitting tensile strength requirement may be usedprovided the design is modified to compensate for the
28、lower value.5.2.2 Natural Aggregates Natural aggregates, when usedto replace part, or all, of the lightweight-aggregates shallcomply with the applicable requirements of Specification C33.The test report shall record the proportion of all ingredients andthe characteristics of the natural aggregates t
29、o ensure compli-ance with these minimum requirements.5.2.3 Drying Shrinkage The drying shrinkage of concretespecimens prepared, cured, and tested in accordance with 8.4shall not exceed 0.07 %.5.2.4 PopoutsConcrete specimens prepared in accordancewith 8.4 and 8.5, and tested in accordance with Test M
30、ethodC151 shall show no surface popouts.5.2.5 Resistance to Freezing and ThawingWhen required,the aggregate supplier shall demonstrate by test or proven fieldperformance that the lightweight aggregate when used inTABLE 1 Grading Requirements for Lightweight Aggregate for Structural ConcreteNominal S
31、ize DesignationPercentages (Mass) Passing Sieves Having Square Openings25.0 mm(1 in.)19.0 mm(34 in.)12.5 mm(12 in.)9.5 mm(38 in.)4.75 mm(No. 4)2.36 mm(No. 8)1.18 mm(No. 16)300 m(No. 50)150 m(No. 100)75 m(No. 200)Fine aggregate:4.75 mm to 0 . . . 100 85100 . 4080 1035 525 .Coarse aggregate:25.0 m to
32、4.75 mm 95100 . 2560 . 010 . . . . 01019.0 mm to 4.75 mm 100 90100 . 1050 015 . . . . 01012.5 mm to 4.75 mm . 100 90100 4080 020 010 . . . 0109.5 mm to 2.36 mm . . 100 80100 540 020 010 . . 010Combined fine and coarse aggregate:12.5 mm to 0 . 100 95100 . 5080 . . 520 215 0109.5 mm to 0 . . 100 90100
33、 6590 3565 . 1025 515 010C330/C330M 092concrete, had the necessary resistance to freezing and thawingto perform satisfactorily in its intended use.6. Sampling6.1 Sample lightweight aggregates in accordance with Prac-tice D75.6.2 Reduce sample to test sizes in accordance with PracticeC702.7. Number o
34、f Tests7.1 Tests on AggregatesOne representative sample isrequired for each test for organic impurities, staining, loss onignition, grading, bulk density, and clay lumps.7.2 Tests on ConcreteAt least three specimens are re-quired for each of the following tests of concrete: compressivestrength, shri
35、nkage, density, resistance to freezing and thawing,and presence of popout materials. At least eight concretespecimens are required for splitting tensile strength tests.8. Test Methods8.1 Compressive Strength (Test Method C39/C39M)Maketest specimens in accordance with Practice C192/C192M andPractice
36、C31/C31M. Unless otherwise specified, cure speci-mens in accordance with Practice C192/C192M or PracticeC31/C31M, until the time of test. When specified, an alterna-tive curing method is allowed. The alternative method shall bein accordance with Practice C192/C192M or the standardcuring procedure in
37、 Practice C31/C31M for the first 7 days,after which the specimens shall be removed from moist curingand stored at 23 6 2 C 73.5 6 3.5 F with a relativehumidity of 50 6 5 % until the time of test.8.2 Splitting Tensile StrengthMake 152 by 305 mm 6 by12 in. cylindrical test specimens in accordance with
38、 PracticeC192/C192M, cure, and test in accordance with Test MethodC496/C496M.8.3 Density of Concrete (Test Method C567)Follow theprocedures in Test Method C567.8.4 Shrinkage of Concrete (Test Method C157/C157M)Follow the procedures of Test Method C157/C157M with thefollowing exceptions:8.4.1 Prepare
39、 the concrete mixture using 335 kg ofcement/m3564 lb/yd3, admixture (if any), and with an aircontent of 6 6 1 %. Adjust the water content so as to producea slump of 50 to 100 mm 2 to 4 in. Thoroughly consolidatethe concrete in steel molds not smaller than 50 by 50 mm 2 by2 in. nor larger than 100 by
40、 100 4 by 4 in. in cross section,and long enough to provide a 250 mm 10 in. gauge length.The surface of the concrete shall be steel troweled.8.4.2 CuringTo prevent evaporation of water from theunhardened concrete, cover the specimen with a nonabsorptive,nonreactive plate or sheet of tough, durable,
41、impervious plasticor wet burlap. When wet burlap is used for covering, the burlapmust be kept wet until the specimens are removed from themolds (see Note 5). Remove specimens from the molds not lessthan 20 nor more than 48 h after casting and store in a moistroom maintained at 23 6 2 C 73.5 6 3.5 F
42、with a relativehumidity of not less than 95 %. At the age of 7 days, removethe specimens from the moist room, measure for length, andstore in a curing cabinet maintained at 37.8 6 1.1 C 100 62 F with a relative humidity of 32 6 2%.NOTE 5Placing a sheet of plastic over the burlap will facilitatekeepi
43、ng it wet.NOTE 6The air immediately above a saturated solution of magnesiumchloride (MgCl2) at 37.8 C 100 F is approximately 32 % relativehumidity.8.4.3 ReportAfter storage in the cabinet for 28 days,remove each specimen and within 15 s, determine its change inlength to the nearest 0.01 % of the eff
44、ective gauge length.Report the change in length as the drying shrinkage of thespecimen; report the average drying shrinkage of the speci-mens as the drying shrinkage of the concrete.8.5 Test for Popout MaterialsPrepare concrete specimensfor the test for popout materials as described in method forpre
45、paration of samples for shrinkage of concrete. Cure andautoclave the specimens in accordance with Test Method C151.Visually inspect the autoclaved specimens for the number ofpopouts that have developed on the surface. Report the numberof popouts per specimen.8.6 Test for Freezing and Thawing Make fr
46、eezing andthawing tests of concrete, when required, in accordance withTest Method C666/C666M, with the following modification tothe section on Test Specimens and on Procedure. Unlessotherwise specified, remove the lightweight aggregate concretespecimens from moist curing at an age of 14 days and all
47、ow todry in air for another 14 days exposed to a relative humidity of50 6 5 % and a temperature of 23 6 2 C 73.5 6 3.5 F.Then submerge the specimens in water for 24 hours, prior tothe freezing and thawing test.TABLE 2 Maximum Dry Loose Bulk Density Requirements ofLightweight Aggregates for Structura
48、l ConcreteSize DesignationMaximum Dry LooseBulk Densitykg/m3lb/ft3Fine aggregate 1120 70Coarse aggregate 880 55Combined fine and coarse aggregate 1040 65TABLE 3 Compressive Strength and Splitting Tensile StrengthRequirementsCalculatedEquilibriumDensitymax, kg/m3lb/ft3Average 28-daySplitting TensileS
49、trength, min,MPa psiAverage 28-dayCompressiveStrength, min,MPa psiAll Lightweight Aggregate1760 110 2.2 320 28 40001680 105 2.1 300 21 30001600 100 2.0 290 17 2500Combination of Normal Weight and Lightweight Aggregates1840 115 2.3 330 28 40001760 110 2.1 310 21 30001680 105 2.1 300 17 2500C330/C330M 0938.7 Grading (Test Method C136)Follow the procedures ofTest Method C136, except that the mass of the test sample forfine aggreg
