1、Designation: C32 11American Association StateHighway and Transportation Officials StandardAASHTO No.: M91-78Standard Specification forSewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C32; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the D
3、epartment of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use in (1)drainage structures for the conveyance of sewage, industrialwastes, and storm water, and (2) related structures such asmanholes and catch basins.1.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at thetime of
4、 purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining confor-mance or non-conformance to the property requirements (Sec-tion 4) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 Brick covered by this standard are manufactured fromclay, shale, or
5、 similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond betweenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bility requirements of this specification. (See firing and firedbond i
6、n Terminology C1232.)1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for
7、Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC1232 Terminology of Masonry3. Classification3.1 GradesTwo grades of sewer brick are covered:3.1.1 Grade SSBrick intended for use in structures requir-ing low absorption and resistance to the action of sewagecarrying large quantities of abrasive mate
8、rial at velocitiesexceeding 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.3.1.2 Grade SMBrick intended for use in structures re-quiring resistance to the action of sewage carrying abrasivematerials at velocities less than 8 ft (2.4 m)/s.3.2 GradesTwo grades of manhole brick are covered:3.2.1 Grade MSBrick intended for use in manh
9、oles andcatch basins not requiring high degrees of abrasive resistancebut where a high and uniform degree of resistance to frostaction and disintegration is needed when the brick may befrozen when permeated with water.3.2.2 Grade MMBrick intended for use in manholes notrequiring high degrees of abra
10、sive resistance but where amoderate and nonuniform degree of resistance to frost actionand disintegration is needed when the brick may be permeatedwith water.4. Physical Properties4.1 Brick for sewer or drainage structures shall conform tothe physical properties for the specified Grades SS or SM ase
11、stablished in Table 1.4.2 Brick for manholes, catch basins, and other relatedstructures shall conform to the physical properties for thespecified Grades MS or MM as established in Table 1.4.3 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, brick ofGrade SS shall be accepted instead of Grade SM; also Gr
12、adeMS shall be accepted instead of Grade MM.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 The size of the brick shall be specified by the purchaser,selecting any of the standard sizes of building brick.5.2 For any lot of sewer brick furnished under this specifi-cation, not more than 2 % of the brick s
13、hall vary from thenominal size requirements specified in 5.1 by more than 618in. (3 mm) in either transverse dimension, or by more than614 in. (6 mm) in length.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
14、itteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C32 09. DOI:10.1520/C0032-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
15、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
16、9428-2959, United States.6. Finish and Appearance6.1 Sewer brick shall have plain or smooth surfaces on bothends and on the face side.6.2 Manhole brick shall have plain, slightly, or moderatelytextured surfaces.6.3 The brick, as delivered to the site, shall conform byvisual inspection to the require
17、ments specified by the purchaseror to the sample or samples approved as standard of compari-son and to the samples passing the tests for physical require-ments. Minor indentions and surface cracks incidental to theusual methods of manufacture, or the small chipping resultingfrom the customary method
18、s of handling in shipment anddelivery, should not be deemed grounds for rejection.6.4 Brick shall be of rectangular cross section with substan-tially straight edges and square corners.6.5 Kiln marks or depressions not exceeding316 in. (5 mm)in depth shall be permitted on the backside of the brick.7.
19、 Coring7.1 Unless otherwise specified in the invitation for bids,brick shall be either solid or cored at the option of the seller.The net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallelto the surface containing the cores shall be at least 75 % of thegross cross-sectional area measured in t
20、he same plane. No partof any hole shall be less than34 in. (19 mm) from any edge ofthe brick.8. Sampling and Testing8.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable sections in Test Methods C67.8.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or pl
21、aces of selection are to be designatedwhen the purchase order is placed.NOTE 1Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the test show that brickdo not conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost istypically bor
22、ne by the seller. If the results of the tests show that the brickdo conform to the requirements of this specification, the cost is typicallyborne by the purchaser.9. Keywords9.1 brick; clay; drainage structures; industrial waste; man-hole brick; physical properties; sewer brick; sewers; shale;storm
23、waterSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C32 09)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2011.)(1) Select sections within the standard were reorganized usingthe ASTM Form and Style for ASTM Standard
24、s manual as aguideline.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringem
25、ent of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or
26、 for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views kn
27、own to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting AS
28、TM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Physical PropertiesDesignationMinimum
29、 Compressive Strength,Average Gross Area, psi (MPa)Maximum Water Absorptionby 5-h Boiling, %Averageof 5 BrickIndividualAverageof 5 BrickIndividualSewer brick:Grade SSGrade SMA8000 (55)5000 (34)6000 (41)3750 (26)6.012.09.015.0Manhole brick:Grade MSAGrade MMB3000 (21)2500 (17)2500 (17)2200 (15)17.022.
30、020.025.0AWhere a high and uniform degree of resistance to frost action in the presenceof moisture is required, Grades SM and MS shall conform to the additionalrequirements that the saturation coefficient (C/B), that is, ratio of absorption by24-h submersion in cold water to that after 5-h submersio
31、n in boiling water, shallnot exceed 0.80. If the average compressive strength is greater than 8000 psi orthe average water absorption is less than 8.0 % after 24-h submersion in coldwater, the requirement for saturation coefficient shall be waived.BMaximum saturation coefficient for Grade MM brick shall not exceed 0.90.C32112
