1、Designation: C296/C296M 00 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Specification forAsbestos-Cement Pressure Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C296/C296M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEUnits information was corrected editorially in Mar
3、ch 2010.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers asbestos-cement pressure pipefor use in supply lines and distribution systems that carry waterunder pressure. The specification also covers asbestos-cementpressure pipe for use in sewer force mains which carry sewageunder pressure.1.2 The text of this st
4、andard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. Those notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The
5、values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demo
6、nstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use ofChrysotile: A Manual on Preventive
7、 and Control Measures.”21.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prio
8、r to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C150 Specification for Portland CementC458 Test Method for Organic Fiber Content of Asbestos-Cement ProductsC500 Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement PipeC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Cal
9、cinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteD1869 Specification for Rubber Rings forAsbestos-CementPipeD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProducts2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Domestic Shipment (CivilianAgencies)42.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment
10、and Storage42.4 Other Documents:AWWA C401 Standard Practice for the Selection ofAsbestos-Cement Water Pipe5Uniform Freight Classification Rules6Motor Freight Classification Rules73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Ceme
11、nt Products and is the direct responsibility of C17.03 onAsbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C296 00(2004)1.DOI: 10.1520/C0296_C0296M-00R09E01.2Available fr
12、om The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Standardization
13、Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from American Water Works Association, 6666 West QuinceyAvenue, Denver, CO 80235.6Available from the Uniform Classification Commission, Room 1106, 222 S.Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.7A
14、vailable from National Motor Freight Inc., 1616 “P St. NW, Washington,DC 20036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 couplingsection for joining asbestos-cement pipethat, when properly installed with the proper access
15、ories,develops a joint equivalent in strength and serviceability to thepipe sections.3.1.2 lotfor pipe sizes 525 mm 21 in. in diameter andsmaller, each 300 lengths of pipe or less, of identical class andsize manufactured on each machine during a 24-h period. Forpipe larger than 525 mm 21 in. each 30
16、0 lengths of pipe orless, of identical class and size manufactured on each machineduring a period of consecutive working days not exceedingseven days.3.2 Definitions for the following terms are presented inTerminology D2946: accessories, crushing strength, cure, flex-ural strength (in pipes), free l
17、ime, hydrostatic strength, organicfiber content, purchaser, silica, supplier, and uncombinedcalcium.4. Classification4.1 Asbestos-cement pipe furnished under this specificationshall conform to Classes 100, 150, and 200. These nominaldesignations in psi are equivalent to nominal SI units of 7, 10,and
18、 14 kPa, respectively.NOTE 1The purchaser shall determine the proper class of pipe to beused under the installation and operation conditions anticipated. For thispurpose refer to Standard Practice AWWA C401 83.4.2 The types of pipe shall be known as Type I and Type IIcorresponding to the chemical re
19、quirements in Section 10 ofthis specification.NOTE 2To assist the purchaser in choosing the type of pipe mostsuitable for his use, guidelines for the definition of aggressiveness of waterand of soil environments for selection of the proper type of asbestos-cement pipe are covered in Test Methods C50
20、0.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Asbestos-cement pressure pipe shall be composed of anintimate mixture of portland cement conforming to Specifica-tion C150, or portland slag cement or pozzolan cementconforming to Specification C595, and asbestos fiber, with orwithout finely divided silica or minera
21、ls containing such silicaconforming to Specification C618, that is capable of reactingduring autoclaving to form calcium silicate reaction products inthe ratio of cement:silica equal to 3:2. The mixture shallcontain no more than 0.2 % of nondeleterious organic additivesas determined by Test Method C
22、458. The material shall be oflaminar construction formed under pressure to a homogeneousstructure and cured to meet the physical and chemical require-ments of this specification.6. Rubber Rings6.1 The rubber rings used to seal the joints of the asbestos-cement pipe shall conform to the requirements
23、of SpecificationD1869.7. Hydrostatic Strength7.1 Each standard, random or short length of pipe (Section12) and each coupling sleeve shall be hydrostatically tested bythe manufacturer prior to shipment and shall have sufficientstrength to withstand the internal hydrostatic pressure pre-scribed in Tab
24、le 1, when tested in accordance with TestMethods C500.7.2 From each lot which has passed the routine hydrostaticproof test, one length shall be selected by the inspector. Eachselected length shall be hydrostatically tested in accordancewith Test Methods C500 to a pressure of four times the ratedwork
25、ing pressure for the class of pipe, maintaining suchpressure for not less than 5 s. In case of failure under pressure,refer to 15.5. Each pipe so tested shall be retested in accor-dance with 7.1 of this specification.8. Flexural Strength8.1 Each length of pipe in sizes 100, 150, and 200 mm 4,6, and
26、8 in. shall have sufficient flexural strength to withstand,without failure, the total load prescribed in Table 2, whentested in accordance with Test Methods C500. In case of failureunder load, refer to 15.4.9. Crushing Strength9.1 When specifically requested by the purchaser in hisorder, crushing te
27、sts shall be conducted before shipment at thepurchasers expense. A 30-cm 1-ft length of pipe for each lotcut from an unmachined portion of the pipe shall havesufficient strength to resist the minimum crushing load pre-scribed in Table 3, when tested in accordance with TestMethods C500.9.2 In case of
28、 failure under the crushing load, refer to 15.4.10. Chemical Requirements10.1 When uncombined calcium hydroxide tests are re-quested, one sample shall be taken from each lot of pipe andtested in accordance with Test Methods C500. The sample tobe tested shall be taken from one of the specimens select
29、ed forthe crushing test. The amount of uncombined calcium hydrox-ide shall not exceed 1.0 % for Type II pipe.NOTE 3There are no chemical requirements for Type I pipe.10.2 In case a specimen fails to meet the 1 % limit, refer to15.6.11. Sampling11.1 All pipe and couplings tested under this specificat
30、ionshall be in a normal air-dried condition in equilibrium withatmospheric moisture.12. Sizes and Dimensions12.1 Couplings and coupling areas of pipe shall be ma-chined or otherwise finished to such dimensions as will providetight joints when assembled with proper accessories and putinto service for
31、 which the pipe is intended.TABLE 1 Applied Hydrostatic Proof PressuresClassnominal psiApplied PressureMPa psi100 2.4 350150 3.6 525200 4.8 700C296/C296M 00 (2009)1212.2 Pipe shall be manufactured with nominal inside diam-eters of 102, 152, 203, 254, 304, 356, 406, 457, 508, 610, 762,and 914 mm 4, 6
32、, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 30, and 36 in.in Classes 100, 150, and 200 as defined in Section 3. Theaverage diameters of standard and random lengths shall be lessthan the nominal by not more than 5.0 %, when measuredapproximately 75 mm 3 in. from the end.12.3 The standard length shall be 3960 6
33、25 mm 13 ft 61 in. Alternative lengths shall be 3050 6 25 mm 10 ft 6 1in. for 100 and 200 mm 4 and 6 in. pipe and 4880 6 25 mm16 ft 6 1 in. for 360 mm 14 in. and larger pipe. At least85 % of the combined total length of pipe of any one class,type, and size, excluding short lengths, shall be furnishe
34、d instandard lengths. The remaining 15 % shall be in randomlengths of not less than2m7ft. Short lengths, whenspecifically ordered, shall not exceed2m7ft.13. Workmanship and Finish13.1 Machined ends of the pipe that receive the couplingshall be free of dents and gouges that will affect the tightnesso
35、f the joint.13.2 Each pipe shall be free of bulges, dents, and tears in theinside surface that result in a variation in diameter of more than5 mm 0.2 in. from that obtained on adjacent unaffectedportions of the surface.13.3 Each length of pipe shall not vary in straightness bymore than 0.04 mm/m 0.0
36、5 in./ft of length when the variationis measured in accordance with Test Methods C500.14. Marking and Shipping14.1 Each standard and random length of pipe shall bemarked by the manufacturer with the trade name, nominal size,class, hydrostatic proof pressure, and date of manufacture.Each coupling sle
37、eve, if made of the same material as the pipe,shall be marked by the manufacturer with the nominal size,class, and the letter “T to indicate that it has been hydrostati-cally tested.14.2 Pipe and couplings shall be prepared for commercialshipment so as to ensure acceptance by common or othercarriers
38、.15. Inspection and Rejection15.1 All material furnished under this specification shallconform to the requirements stated herein and shall be sub-jected to the factory inspection and tests prescribed in thisspecification. When requested by the purchaser in his order, thesupplier shall notify the pur
39、chaser of the time that the inspec-tion and testing will take place so that the purchaser shallarrange for witnessing such tests and inspections at his ownexpense. Instead of such inspection, when requested, thesupplier shall certify that his product conforms to the require-ments of this specificati
40、on.15.2 Each pipe and coupling shall be inspected by thesupplier, before shipment, for compliance with the standardsfor dimensions, tolerances, and workmanship and finish (seealso Section 11).15.3 Failure of any specimen tested for crushing strength towithstand 75 % of the load specified in Section
41、8 shall be causefor rejection of the lot from which the test specimen was taken.15.4 When any specimen tested for crushing strength with-stands over 75 % but under 100 % of the load specified inSection 9, one specimen shall be cut from each of twoadditional pipes of the same lot and be tested. Failu
42、re of eitherof these additional specimens to meet the strength requirementsof Section 9 shall be cause for rejection of the entire lot fromwhich the original sample was taken.15.5 If any pipe subjected to the hydrostatic test describedin Test Methods C500 fails to withstand the higher pressurespecif
43、ied in 7.2, two additional lengths of the same size andclass shall be selected from the pipe manufactured during thesame shift and shall be subjected to the higher hydrostatic test.The failure of one of these additional lengths to withstand thespecified pressure shall be cause for rejection of the e
44、ntire lotof that size and class manufactured during the same shift as thetest lengths.15.6 If the results of the uncombined calcium hydroxide testshow that the sample failed to meet the specification require-ments, two additional specimens shall be selected and sampledfor test. The failure of one of
45、 these two additional samples tomeet the specification requirements of Section 8 shall be causefor rejection of the lot.16. Keywords16.1 asbestos-cement; pipe; pressure pipeTABLE 2 Applied Flexural Proof LoadsNominal Size Total Applied Load, kN lbfmm in. Class 100 Class 150 Class 200100 4 5.3 1200 6
46、.6 1470 8.4 1870150 6 12.5 2800 16.5 3700 21.8 4900200 8 25.9 5330 33.8 7600 45.1 10130TABLE 3 Minimum Crushing Loads per Unit LengthNominal Size Crushing Strength, kN/m lbf/ftClass 100 Class 150 Class 200mm in. kN/m lbf/ft kN/m lbf/ft kN/m lbf/ft00 4 60 4100 79 5400 127 8700150 6 58 4000 79 5400 13
47、1 9000200 8 58 4000 80 5500 136 9300250 10 64 4400 102 7000 161 11000300 12 76 5200 111 7600 172 11800360 14 76 5200 126 8600 197 13500410 16 85 5800 134 9200 225 15400460 18 95 6500 147 10100 254 17400C296/C296M 00 (2009)13SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall app
48、ly when material is supplied under thisspecification for U.S. Government procurement.S1. PackagingS1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the materialshall be packaged in accordance with the producers standardpractice which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates.Containers and pa
49、cking shall comply with Uniform FreightClassification Rules6or National Motor Freight ClassificationRules.7Marking for shipment of such material shall be inaccordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies andMIL-STD-129 for military agencies.S2. Responsibility for InspectionS2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the supplier is responsible for the testing of all material
