1、Designation: C183/C183M 16Standard Practice forSampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C183/C183M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for s
3、ampling and for theamount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has beenmanufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, e
4、achsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard. Values in SI units or inch-pound units shallbe obtained by measurement in SI units or inch-pound unitsor by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversiona
5、nd Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Values arestated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used inpractice1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
6、consideredrequirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
7、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C10/C10M Specification for Natural CementC91/C91M Specification for Masonry CementC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis
8、of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC151/C151M Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hy-draulic CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC185 Test Method
9、 for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of HydraulicCementC191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cementby Vicat NeedleC204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity o
10、fCement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)C266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-CementPaste by Gillmore NeedlesC430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the45-m (No. 325) SieveC451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement(Paste Method)C452/C452M Test Method
11、 for Potential Expansion ofPortland-Cement Mortars Exposed to SulfateC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC806 Test Method for Restrained Expansion of ExpansiveCement MortarC807 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic CementMortar by Modified Vicat NeedleC845/C845M Specificatio
12、n for Expansive Hydraulic Ce-mentC1012/C1012M Test Method for Length Change ofHydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionC1038/C1038M Test Method for Expansion of HydraulicCement Mortar Bars Stored in WaterC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1328/C1328M Specificatio
13、n for Plastic (Stucco) CementC1329/C1329M Specification for Mortar Cement1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2016. Published October 2015. Origina
14、llyapproved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C183/C183M 15.DOI: 10.1520/C0183_C0183M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standa
15、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1357 Test Methods for Evaluating Masonry Bond Strength(Withdrawn 2016)3C1506 Test Method for Water Retention of HydraulicCement-Based Mortar
16、s and PlastersE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ACI Standard:225.1R Guide to the Selection and Use of Hydraulic Ce-ments43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specifi
17、c to This Standard:3.1.1 lot (of cement), nspecific quantity of cement offeredfor inspection at any one time. A lot may be one or morestorage bins filled consecutively.Alot may also be the contentsof one or more transport units representing cement drawn fromthe same storage bin.3.1.2 reduced testing
18、 rate, ntest program that provides forthe testing of only two samples from any given lot of samplesobtained and prepared for testing at the normal rate asdescribed herein. The program utilizes probability factors andis so designed that when results from the two samples fulfill therequirements of the
19、 program it may be said with 95 %confidence that less than 5 % of the samples would be outsidethe specification limits.4. Significance and Use4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for usein the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it hasbeen manufactured and is ready to be o
20、ffered for sale. They arenot intended as sampling procedures for quality control pur-poses during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlinedcover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidancefor reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cementswith requirements of purchase specifica
21、tions.4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for samplingnatural cement (Specification C10/C10M), masonry cement(Specification C91/C91M), portland cement (SpecificationC150/C150M), blended hydraulic cement (Specification C595/C595M), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C845/C845M), h
22、ydraulic cement based on a performance specifica-tion (Specification C1157/C1157M), plastic stucco cement(Specification C1328/C1328M), and mortar cement (Specifi-cation C1329/C1329M), and4.3 Most building codes and construction specificationsrequire that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet
23、theapplicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications,such as Specifications C10/C10M, C91/C91M, C150/C150M,C595/C595M, C1157/C1157M, C1328/C1328M, C1329/C1329M,orC845/C845M. If the code or specification requiressampling of the manufactured cement, the provisions given in4.4 are applica
24、ble. Not much cement is sold on the basis ofsuch sampling and testing.Auseful discussion of sampling andtesting cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be doneby or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a codeor specification that requires samp
25、ling and testing to determineif the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifica-tions. The testing is done using specified methods to determinewhether the samples yield test results that conform to thespecification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance orrejection of the lot of mat
26、erial sampled.4.5 It is neither intended nor required that all cements betested using all the test methods referenced in Section 2.5. Kinds and Size of Samples and by Whom Taken5.1 A cement sample secured during transfer to bulkstorage, from bulk storage, or from a bulk shipment in oneoperation, sha
27、ll be termed a “grab sample.” A sample obtainedduring a 10 min interval using an automatic sampling devicethat continuously samples a cement stream may also be termeda grab sample. Grab samples taken at prescribed intervals overa period of time may be combined to form a “compositesample representati
28、ve of the cement produced during thatperiod of time.5.2 All samples, whether grab or composite, shall have amass of at least 5 kg 10 lb.5.3 The purchaser may designate a representative to super-vise the sampling, packing, and shipping of samples when it isso specified in the purchase contract.5.4 Pa
29、ckage the samples in moisture-proof, airtight contain-ers numbered consecutively in the order in which the samplesare taken. The purchase contract shall state who will pay for thecosts of sampling, packaging, shipping, and testing thesamples.NOTE 1Polyvinyl chloride sample containers, upon occasion,
30、 havebeen found to affect the air-entraining potential of a cement sample. Thesame problem might be experienced with containers made from otherplastics.6. Testing-Time Requirements for Completion of Tests6.1 When tests of hydraulic cement are made at a laboratoryother than that of the cement manufac
31、turer, the cement sam-pling schedule, sample transportation time, and sample testingschedule must be coordinated among the purchaser, themanufacturer, and the testing laboratory so that the tests resultswill be available when required.6.2 The manufacturer of the cement shall make the cementavailable
32、 to be sampled for testing early enough before the timethe test results are needed so that at least the applicable timeintervals listed in 6.3 exist.6.3 When this has been done, the testing laboratory shallprovide test results not later than the indicated number of daysafter sampling:Test Methods Ti
33、me Interval, daysC109/C109M (1 day results), C114, C115, C151/C151M,C185, C191, C204, C451, C26683The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Detailed requirements for this sieve are given in Specification E11.C183/C183M 162C109/C109M (3 day results) 10C109/C1
34、09M and C186 (7 day results) 14C227, C452/C452M, and C1012/C1012M(14 day results)21C109/C109M and C186 (28 day results) 35C157/C157M (34 day results) 41C227 (56 day results) 63C227 (91 day results) 987. Sampling7.1 The cement may be sampled by any of the applicablemethods described in this section.7
35、.1.1 Delivering to Bulk Storage and Transfer SamplingSample cement while the cement is being transferred. Take onegrab sample from the transfer stream for each 360 Mg400 tons of cement, or fraction thereof, but take no less thantwo grab samples and combine them to produce a compositesample.7.1.2 Oth
36、er Sampling MethodsWhen the above samplingmethod is not applicable, samples may, when authorized by thepurchaser, be taken by one of the following methods:7.1.2.1 From Bulk Storage at Points of DischargeWithdraw cement from the discharge openings in a steadystream until sampling is completed. If a h
37、igh circular silo isbeing sampled, take all samples from one opening. If thequantity of the cement in the bin exceeds 1100 Mg 1200 tonswhen low rectangular bins are being sampled, dischargeopenings employed in the sampling shall be such that for noopening shall the number of samples represent more t
38、han onehalf the contents of the bin or more than 1800 Mg 2000 tons.When sampling bulk storage at points of discharge, while thecement is flowing through the openings, take samples at suchintervals so that at least two grab samples shall be secured foreach 360 Mg 400 tons in the bin or silo.7.1.2.2 F
39、rom Bulk Storage and Bulk Shipment by Means ofSlotted Tube SamplerObtain sample using a tube samplerdesigned for cohesive and semi-cohesive powders and de-signed for the depth of the cement to be sampled. An exampleof just one type is shown in Fig. 1. Take samples fromwell-distributed points and var
40、ious depths of the cement so thatthe samples taken will represent the cement involved.7.1.2.3 From Packaged Cement by Means of TubeSamplerSample package cement using a tube sampler de-signed for cohesive and semi-cohesive powders and able tosample packaged cement from the valve of the cement bag. An
41、example of just one type is shown in Fig. 1. Take one samplefrom a bag in each 4.5 Mg 5 tons or fraction thereof.7.1.2.4 From Bulk Shipment of Car or Truck:(a) Single ShipmentIf only one car or truck is beingloaded and the loading is continuous and all from the samesource, take a 5 kg 10-lb sample.
42、If not continuous orunknown, combine five or more portions from different pointsin the load to form the test sample.(b) Multiple ShipmentsWhen the shipment consists ofseveral cars or trucks loaded from the same source and on thesame day, sample the shipment at the rate of one sample foreach 90 Mg 10
43、0 tons of cement or fraction thereof, but takenot less than two samples. Consider cement represented bysuch samples as a lot, and test the samples in accordance withthe procedure outlined in the section on Amount of Testing.7.2 Protection of SamplesAs samples are taken, placethem directly in moistur
44、e-proof airtight containers to avoidmoisture absorption and aeration of the sample. If the samplesare placed in cans, fill the can completely and immediatelyseal. Use moisture-proof multiple-wall paper bags or plasticbags if they are strong enough to avoid breakage, and if theycan be sealed immediat
45、ely after filling in such a manner as toeliminate excess air in the sample and avoid moisture absorp-tion and aeration of the sample. Samples shall be treated asdescribed in the section on Preparation of Sample.8. Preparation of Sample8.1 Before testing, pass each sample through an 850 m(No. 20) sie
46、ve,6or any other sieve having approximately thesame size openings, in order to mix the sample, break uplumps, and remove foreign material. Do not include the foreignmaterials and hardened lumps that do not break up on sievingor brushing in the sample to be tested. Store the cement inairtight moistur
47、e-proof containers to prevent aeration or ab-sorption of moisture prior to test.9. Amount of Testing9.1 GeneralWhen required, the purchaser shall specifythe amount of testing for the following specification specificrequirements:9.1.1 Heat of hydration (Test Method C186) for optionallimits specified
48、in Specifications C150/C150M, C595/C595Mand C1157/C1157M;9.1.2 Alkali reactivity (Test Method C227) for optionallimits specified in Specifications C595/C595M and C1157/C1157M;9.1.3 Sulfate resistance (Test Method C1012/C1012M) foroptional limits specified in Specifications C595/C595M andC1157/C1157M
49、;9.1.4 Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Ex-posed to Sulfate (Test Method C452/C452M) for optionallimits specified in Specification C150/C150M;9.1.5 Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored inWater (Test Method C1038/C1038M) for limits specified inSpecifications C150/C150M, C595/C595M and C1157/C1157M;9.1.6 Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method)(Test Method C451) for optional limits specified in Specifica-tion C150/C150M and C1157/C1157M;9.1.7 Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45 um (No. 325Sieve (Test Method
