1、Designation: C1696 13C1696 13aStandard Guide forIndustrial Thermal Insulation Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers information on selection of insulation materials, systems design, application methods, protectivecoverings, guarantees, inspec
3、tion, testing, and maintenance of thermal insulation primarily for industrial applications in atemperature range of -320 to 1200F (-195.5 to 648.8C).1.2 This guide is intended to provide practical guidelines, by applying acceptable current practice while indicating the basicprinciples by which new m
4、aterials can be assessed and adapted for use under widely differing conditions. Design engineers, thegeneral contractors, the fabricators, and the insulation contractors will find this guide helpful.1.3 Although some insulation system designs can serve as fire protection, this guide does not address
5、 the criteria specific to thatneed. API 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems is recommended as a reference for fire protection. Thisguide will however address the fire properties of insulation materials.1.4 This guide is not intended for commercial, architectural, acoustical, ma
6、rine, vehicle transport, or military use.1.5 This guide does not address insulation system design for refractory linings or cold boxes whereby these are typicallypackage units and of a proprietary insulation design.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values
7、given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to estab
8、lish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chr
9、omium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels andfor General ApplicationsA653/A653M Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by theHot-Dip ProcessA792/A792M Specification for Steel Sheet, 55 % Aluminum-Zinc Alloy-Coa
10、ted by the Hot-Dip ProcessB209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and PlateC165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Pro
11、perties by Means of theGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC195 Specification for Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulating CementC203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Properties of Block-Type Thermal InsulationC209 Test Methods for Cellulosic Fiber Insulating BoardC240 Test Methods of Testing Cellular Gla
12、ss Insulation BlockC272 Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Structural Sandwich Constructions1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on Insulation Systems.Current edition approved Ma
13、rch 1, 2013May 1, 2013. Published March 2013May 2013. Originally approved in 2012 as 2012. C169612. Last previous edition approvedin 20122013 as C169612.13. DOI: 10.1520/C169613.10.1520/C169613A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at s
14、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versio
15、n. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International
16、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C302 Test Method for Density and Dimensions of Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal InsulationC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Preformed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC335 Test Method for Stea
17、dy-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe InsulationC354 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Thermal Insulating or Finishing Cement (Withdrawn 2002)3C356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soaking HeatC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Pe
18、rformance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC446 Test Method for Breaking Load and Calculated Modulus of Rupture of Preformed Insulation for Pipes (Withdrawn 2002)3C447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal InsulationsC449 Specification for Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-Settin
19、g Thermal Insulating and Finishing CementC450 Practice for Fabrication of Thermal Insulating Fitting Covers for NPS Piping, and Vessel LaggingC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC533 Specification for Calcium Silicate Block and P
20、ipe Thermal InsulationC534 Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular FormC547 Specification for Mineral Fiber Pipe InsulationC552 Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal InsulationC553 Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
21、 for Commercial and Industrial ApplicationsC578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal InsulationC591 Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal InsulationC592 Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe Insulation (Metal-M
22、esh Covered) (IndustrialType)C610 Specification for Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal InsulationC612 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal InsulationC680 Practice for Estimate of the Heat Gain or Loss and the Surface Temperatures of Insulated Flat, Cylindrical, and Sph
23、ericalSystems by Use of Computer ProgramsC692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency ofAustenitic Stainless SteelC764 Specification for Mineral Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal InsulationC795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use
24、 in Contact with Austenitic Stainless SteelC800 Specification for Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation (Aircraft Type)C871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, andSodium IonsC1029 Specification for Spray-Applied Rigid Cellular Pol
25、yurethane Thermal InsulationC1055 Guide for Heated System Surface Conditions that Produce Contact Burn InjuriesC1057 Practice for Determination of Skin Contact Temperature from Heated Surfaces Using a Mathematical Model andThermesthesiometerC1104/C1104M Test Method for Determining the Water Vapor So
26、rption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber InsulationC1126 Specification for Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular Phenolic Thermal InsulationC1139 Specification for Fibrous Glass Thermal Insulation and Sound Absorbing Blanket and Board for Military ApplicationsC1289 Specification for Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocya
27、nurate Thermal Insulation BoardC1393 Specification for Perpendicularly Oriented Mineral Fiber Roll and Sheet Thermal Insulation for Pipes and TanksC1559 Test Method for Determining Wicking of Fibrous Glass Blanket Insulation (Aircraft Type)C1729 Specification for Aluminum Jacketing for InsulationD16
28、21 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics to Thermal and Humid AgingD2842 Test Method for Water Absorption of Rigid Cellular PlasticsE84 Test Method fo
29、r Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750CE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals2.2 AP
30、I Standard:API 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and Depressuring Systems43 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from the American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070.C1696 13a22.3 NACE Standard:SP0198 Standard Prac
31、ticeThe Control of Corrosion Under Thermal Insulation and Fireproofing MaterialsA SystemApproach52.4 NFPA Standards:6NFPA 49 Hazardous Chemicals DataNFPA 90A Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating SystemsNFPA 259 Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Material
32、s2.5 Federal Standard:40 CFR 60 Protection of EnvironmentStandards of Performance for New Stationary Sources73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 is recommended to provide definitions and information on symbols, units, and abbrevia-tions of terms used inASTM standards pertaining to thermal
33、insulation materials and materials associated with them. TerminologyE176 is recommended to provide terms and standard definitions for fire standards. Any term used in this guide that is not definedin Terminology C168 or E176 will be defined in the section in which the term is used.3.2 Acronyms and A
34、bbreviations:3.2.1 ACMasbestos-containing materials3.2.2 ACTautoignition temperature3.2.3 ASJall service jacket3.2.4 CPVCchlorinated polyvinyl chloride3.2.5 DFTdry film thickness3.2.6 EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency3.2.7 FRPfiberglass-reinforced plastic3.2.8 FSI/SDIflame spread index/smoke develo
35、ped index3.2.9 MSDSmaterial safety data sheet3.2.10 NAIMANorth American Insulation Manufacturers Association3.2.11 NDTnondestructive testing3.2.12 NFPANational Fire Protection Association3.2.13 OSHAOccupational Safety and Health Administration3.2.14 PVCpolyvinyl chloride3.2.15 QA/QCquality assurance
36、/quality control3.2.16 SSstainless steel3.2.17 UVultraviolet3.2.18 WVTwater vapor transmission4. Significance and Use4.1 When choosing a thermal insulation product or combination of products, physical, chemical and mechanical properties andthe significance of those properties should be considered. A
37、STM test methods are usually performed under laboratory conditionsand may not accurately represent field conditions depending on process temperature, environment, and operating conditions.Performance results obtained using ASTM test methods can be used to determine compliance of materials to specifi
38、cations but donot necessarily predict installed performance. Values stated in the ASTM material standards are those that apply to the majorityof materials and not to any specific product; other tested values may exist for specific material applications.4.2 Design of thermal insulation systems requir
39、es the understanding of process requirements, temperature control, heat losscriteria, control of thermal shock, and mechanical forces on insulation generated by thermal gradients and wind environmentalconditions. Sometimes, the mechanical design of piping and equipment needs to be modified to suppor
40、t insulation adequately andprovide for insulation weatherproofing. Process requirements may dictate the control of critical temperature to prevent freezing,maintain viscosity, or minimize internal corrosion. When handling heat transfer fluids such as ethylene oxide or hot oils, theselection of insul
41、ation materials and the insulation system design becomes critical. whereby If these fluids are absorb in insulationmaterials, the fluid flash point could be below the fluid operating temperature. Specified heat gain or heat loss and acceptablesurface temperatures could also dictate thermal design of
42、 insulation systems. Environmental corrosivity, high wind, and extremeambient temperatures affect the selection of weatherproofing and methods of its securement. A combination of these factors playsa significant role in the selection of insulation materials and application methods to provide long-la
43、sting trouble-free service.5 Available from the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, 1440 S. Creek Dr., Houston, TX 77084-4906.6 Available from the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.7 Available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superinte
44、ndent of Documents, 732 N. Capital St., NW, Washington, DC 20402-0001.C1696 13a34.3 Application methods are generally defined by the purchasers specifications. However, some specialty insulation systems,such as prefabricated insulation panels for ductwork, precipitators, and tanks, will also have su
45、pplemental installation requirementsspecified by the insulation system manufacturer. defined by the specification of the manufacturer.4.4 In any application of thermal insulation, the insulation requires protection of some type, be it protection from the elementssuch as rain, snow, sleet, wind, ultr
46、aviolet solar radiation, protection from external forces that can cause mechanical damage, vaporpassage, fire, chemical attack, or any combination of these.This protection can be provided in by metal, plastic, coated or laminatedcomposites or both, mastic coatings, or a combination of the above depe
47、nding upon the application, service, and economicrequirements. Considering the enormous overall cost of a new facility, and comparing the initial cost of the insulated portion asa small percentage of that overall cost with the substantially increased operating cost as a result of inefficient insulat
48、ion protection,it is common sense to provide only the best insulation system available and the best protection for that long-term investmentconsistent with the appropriate design and economic requirements. Usually a new facility is very expensive and the initial cost ofthe insulation portion is a sm
49、all percentage of that overall cost. However, increased operating costs can result from inefficientprotection.4.5 Bid invitations should contain information necessary to determine how guarantees of materials and application will beresolved.4.6 It is recommended that the purchaser provide a quality assurance program that defines the inspection of all materials,material safety data sheets (MSDS), and specific application procedures before and during progress of the insulation work.4.7 During contract negotiations, the contractor and purchaser should d
