1、Designation: C166 05 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forCovering Capacity and Volume Change Upon Drying ofThermal Insulating Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Wet covering capacity and volume change upon dryingare often of major importance in the appli
3、cation of thermalinsulating cement. These properties can be easily determined atthe same time that the determinations of dry covering capacityare made. Therefore, the procedures for determining thesethree properties are covered together in this test method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units a
4、re to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibilit
5、y of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C163 Practice for Mixing Thermal Insulating CementSamplesC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insula
6、tion3. Terminology3.1 dry covering capacitythe area covered in “ft2, 1 in. inthickness/100 lb of dry cement” (m2, 1 cm in thickness/100 kgof dry cement) after the wet cement has been molded and driedto constant weight in accordance with Section 6.3.2 volume change upon dryingthe percentage change in
7、volume of the wet molded cement that occurs when the drycement is mixed with the recommended amount of water,molded, and dried to constant weight in accordance withSection 6.3.3 wet covering capacitythe area covered in “ft2, 1 in. inthickness/100 lb of dry cement” (m2, 1 cm in thickness/100 kgof dry
8、 cement) when the cement is mixed with the recom-mended amount of water and molded in accordance withSection 6.3.4 Definitions in Terminology C168 shall be considered asapplying to the terms used in this test method.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the wet coveringand
9、 volume change upon drying of thermal insulating cement.5. Apparatus5.1 MoldA rigid mold having inside dimensions of 1 by 8by 30 in. (25.4 by 203 by 726 mm) with one end and one faceopen, and a piece of wood or other suitable material 1 by 112by 778 in. (25.4 by 38.1 by 200 mm) in dimensions for squ
10、aringup the end of the test specimen toward the open end of themold.5.2 Wax PaperSheets of wax paper 8 by 30 in. (200 by762 mm) in dimensions.5.3 Engine Oil.5.4 TrowelA 16-in. (about 400-mm) rectangular plaster-ers trowel.5.5 Steel RulesSteel rules 18 and 36 in. (about12 and1m)in length accurate to
11、within164 in. (0.5 mm).5.6 Depth GageA depth gage consisting of a rigid,pointed rod approximately18 in. (3 mm) in diameter, fittedwith a flat disk about12 in. (13 mm) in diameter which ismoved along the rod either by a sliding action or by means ofthreads.6. Sampling and Mixing6.1 The cement shall b
12、e sampled and mixed in accordancewith Practice C163.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical andPhysical Properties.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Origi
13、nallyapproved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C166 05 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/C0166-05R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standar
14、ds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Procedure7.1 Oil the inside surfaces of the mold well, or line themwith wax paper in order to prevent the cement from sticking tothe sides
15、and to permit convenient removal of the specimen.Then place the mixed cement in the mold.7.2 Trowel the cement in one layer and in two directionslengthwise of the mold without unnecessary compacting, untilthe surface is smooth and flush with the top edges of the mold.Sufficient wet cement shall be u
16、sed to fill the mold when thepiece of wood or other suitable material is in place in the openend of the mold and in contact with the cement, in order tomake a square end and to prevent movement of the cementafter troweling is completed.7.3 Measure the thickness at nine points on the top surfaceof th
17、e sample as indicated in Fig. 1.7.4 Make the thickness measurements within an accuracy of62 % by means of a depth gage. Carefully push the point rodof the depth gage through the cement until it comes in contactwith the bottom of the mold. Hold the rod constantly in avertical position and adjust the
18、disk until its flat surface justcomes into contact with the top surface of the cement. Securethe disk to the pin before withdrawing the gage from thecement. Determine the thickness of the cement by measuringthe distance from the flat surface of the disk to the pointed endof the rod with a steel rule
19、 or by some other suitable scale. Donot fill the indentations in the cement showing the points ofmeasurement, but allow them to dry in place.7.5 Make the width and length measurements with the steelrules within an accuracy of 6116 in. (about 61.6 mm). Makethe width measurements at locations approxim
20、ately 6 in. (150mm) from each end of the specimen. Make the length mea-surements at locations approximately 2 in. (50 mm) from eachside of the specimen. While making these measurements, allowthe edge of the steel rule to make an indentation in the wetcement in order to assure measurements at the sam
21、e locationsafter the cement has been dried.7.6 Immediately after the measurements have been made, oras soon thereafter as recommended by the manufacturer, placethe cement specimen and mold in an oven at 215 to 250F (102to 121C) until dried to constant weight. The oven chambershall be adequately vent
22、ed in such a manner as to ensurecomplete circulation of the atmosphere of the entire ovenchamber, preferably by fan or other forced circulation method.7.7 After the dried specimen has been weighed, measure itfor thickness, width, and length at the same locations at whichcorresponding measurements we
23、re made before the specimenwas dried. These locations are indicated by the indentationmarks made in the wet cement. Measure the thickness asdescribed in 7.4. In order to prevent false thickness measure-ments on the dry specimen, due to the bottom surface of thespecimen having become warped in drying
24、, remove the speci-men from the mold and place a flexible steel rule so as toconform to the bottom surface of the specimen at points wherethe thickness is to be measured. Insert the point of the depthgage from the original top face until it touches the steel rule.8. Calculations8.1 Values in U.S. Cu
25、stomary UnitsCalculate the wet anddry covering capacities and the volume change upon drying asfollows:Cw5 dbl/1.44W (1)Cd5 d1b1l1/1.44WV 5 dbl 2 d1b1l1!/dbl# 3100where:Cw= wet covering capacity, ft2, 1 in. in thickness per 100 lbof dry cement,Cd= dry covering capacity, ft2, 1 in. in thickness per 10
26、0 lbof dry cement,V = percentage volume change upon drying,d = average thickness of wet specimen, in.,b = average width of wet specimen, in.,l = average length of wet specimen, in.,W = weight of dry specimen, lb,d1= average thickness of dry specimen, in.,b1= average width of dry specimen, in., and,l
27、1= average length of dry specimen, in.NOTE 1Due to the wax paper or oil treatment preventing adhesionbetween cement and mold, the volume change (shrinkage) on drying willusually be greater in this test than that encountered in service, whereadhesion is obtained between the cement and the surface on
28、which it isapplied.8.2 Values in SI UnitsCalculate the wet and dry coveringcapacities and the volume change upon drying as follows:Cw5 dbl/105W (2)Cd5 d1b1l1/105WV 5 dbl 2 d1b1l1!/dbl# 3100where:Cw= wet covering capacity, m2, 1 cm. in thickness per 100kg of dry cement,Cd= dry covering capacity, m2,
29、1 cm. in thickness per 100kg of dry cement,V = percentage volume change upon drying, and othersymbols,d = average thickness of wet specimen, mm,b = average width of wet specimen, mm,FIG. 1 Mold for Test Specimens and Locations of Points forThickness MeasurementsC166 05 (2016)2l = average length of w
30、et specimen, mm,W = weight of dry specimen, kg,d1= average thickness of dry specimen, mm,b1= average width of dry specimen, mm, and,l1= average length of dry specimen, mm.9. Precision and Bias39.1 BasisThree different laboratories tested the sameproduct five times each for wet coverage, dry coverage
31、, andpercent volume change.9.2 Intralaboratory Precision:9.2.1 Wet CoverageAn average standard deviation, ,of1.7 % of the average mean, x, for the three laboratories.9.2.2 Dry CoverageAn average standard deviation, ,of1.7 % of the average mean, x, for the three laboratories.9.2.3 Percent Volume Chan
32、geAn average standarddeviation, , of 30 % of the average mean, x, for the threelaboratories.9.3 Interlaboratory Precision:9.3.1 Wet CoverageThe interlab standard deviation, ,was 4.7 % of the mean, x, of the lab means.9.3.2 Dry CoverageThe interlab standard deviation, ,was 5.3 % of the mean, x, of th
33、e lab means.9.3.3 Percent Volume ChangeThe interlab standarddeviation, , was 41.1 % of the mean, x, of the lab means.9.4 BiasNo statement of bias is possible because absolutestandards are not available.10. Keywords10.1 cement; thermal insulating; thermal insulating ce-ments; thermal insulation mater
34、ials; volume change; wet cov-ering capacityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and
35、the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision
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37、ldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtai
38、ned by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C16-1011.C166 05 (2016)3
