1、Designation: C166 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forCovering Capacity and Volume Change Upon Drying ofThermal Insulating Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 Wet covering capacity and volume change upon dryingare often of major importance in the appli
3、cation of thermalinsulating cement. These properties can be easily determined atthe same time that the determinations of dry covering capacityare made. Therefore, the procedures for determining thesethree properties are covered together in this test method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units a
4、re to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered stan
5、dard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referen
6、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C163 Practice for Mixing Thermal Insulating CementSamplesC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation3. Terminology3.1 dry covering capacitythe area covered in “ft2, 1 in. inthickness/100 lb of dry cement” (m2, 1 cm in thickness/100 kgof dry cement) after the wet
7、cement has been molded and driedto constant weight in accordance with Section 6.3.2 volume change upon dryingthe percentage change involume of the wet molded cement that occurs when the drycement is mixed with the recommended amount of water,molded, and dried to constant weight in accordance withSec
8、tion 6.3.3 wet covering capacitythe area covered in “ft2, 1 in. inthickness/100 lb of dry cement (m2, 1 cm in thickness/100 kgof dry cement) when the cement is mixed with the recom-mended amount of water and molded in accordance withSection 6.3.4 Definitions in Terminology C168 shall be considered a
9、sapplying to the terms used in this test method.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine the wet coveringand volume change upon drying of thermal insulating cement.5. Apparatus5.1 MoldA rigid mold having inside dimensions of 1 by 8by 30 in. (25.4 by 203 by 726 mm) with one en
10、d and one faceopen, and a piece of wood or other suitable material 1 by 112by 778 in. (25.4 by 38.1 by 200 mm) in dimensions for squaringup the end of the test specimen toward the open end of themold.5.2 Wax PaperSheets of wax paper 8 by 30 in. (200 by762 mm) in dimensions.5.3 Engine Oil.5.4 TrowelA
11、 16-in. (about 400-mm) rectangular plaster-ers trowel.5.5 Steel RulesSteel rules 18 and 36 in. (about12 and 1 m)in length accurate to within164 in. (0.5 mm).5.6 Depth GageA depth gage consisting of a rigid,pointed rod approximately18 in. (3 mm) in diameter, fittedwith a flat disk about12 in. (13 mm)
12、 in diameter which ismoved along the rod either by a sliding action or by means ofthreads.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical andPhysical Properties.Current edition approved Sept. 1,
13、 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C166 05. DOI:10.1520/C0166-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inf
14、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Sampling and Mixing6.1 The cement shall be sampled and mixed in accordancewith Practice C163.7. Procedure7.1
15、 Oil the inside surfaces of the mold well, or line themwith wax paper in order to prevent the cement from sticking tothe sides and to permit convenient removal of the specimen.Then place the mixed cement in the mold.7.2 Trowel the cement in one layer and in two directionslengthwise of the mold witho
16、ut unnecessary compacting, untilthe surface is smooth and flush with the top edges of the mold.Sufficient wet cement shall be used to fill the mold when thepiece of wood or other suitable material is in place in the openend of the mold and in contact with the cement, in order tomake a square end and
17、 to prevent movement of the cementafter troweling is completed.7.3 Measure the thickness at nine points on the top surfaceof the sample as indicated in Fig. 1.7.4 Make the thickness measurements within an accuracy of62 % by means of a depth gage. Carefully push the point rodof the depth gage through
18、 the cement until it comes in contactwith the bottom of the mold. Hold the rod constantly in avertical position and adjust the disk until its flat surface justcomes into contact with the top surface of the cement. Securethe disk to the pin before withdrawing the gage from thecement. Determine the th
19、ickness of the cement by measuringthe distance from the flat surface of the disk to the pointed endof the rod with a steel rule or by some other suitable scale. Donot fill the indentations in the cement showing the points ofmeasurement, but allow them to dry in place.7.5 Make the width and length me
20、asurements with the steelrules within an accuracy of 6116 in. (about 61.6 mm). Makethe width measurements at locations approximately 6 in. (150mm) from each end of the specimen. Make the length mea-surements at locations approximately 2 in. (50 mm) from eachside of the specimen. While making these m
21、easurements, allowthe edge of the steel rule to make an indentation in the wetcement in order to assure measurements at the same locationsafter the cement has been dried.7.6 Immediately after the measurements have been made, oras soon thereafter as recommended by the manufacturer, placethe cement sp
22、ecimen and mold in an oven at 215 to 250F (102to 121C) until dried to constant weight. The oven chambershall be adequately vented in such a manner as to ensurecomplete circulation of the atmosphere of the entire ovenchamber, preferably by fan or other forced circulation method.7.7 After the dried sp
23、ecimen has been weighed, measure itfor thickness, width, and length at the same locations at whichcorresponding measurements were made before the specimenwas dried. These locations are indicated by the indentationmarks made in the wet cement. Measure the thickness asdescribed in 7.4. In order to pre
24、vent false thickness measure-ments on the dry specimen, due to the bottom surface of thespecimen having become warped in drying, remove the speci-men from the mold and place a flexible steel rule so as toconform to the bottom surface of the specimen at points wherethe thickness is to be measured. In
25、sert the point of the depthgage from the original top face until it touches the steel rule.8. Calculations8.1 Values in U.S. Customary UnitsCalculate the wet anddry covering capacities and the volume change upon drying asfollows:Cw5 dbl/1.44W (1)Cd5 d1b1l1/1.44WV 5 dbl 2 d1b1l1!/dbl 3 100where:Cw= w
26、et covering capacity, ft2, 1 in. in thickness per 100lb of dry cement,Cd= dry covering capacity, ft2, 1 in. in thickness per 100lb of dry cement,V = percentage volume change upon drying,d = average thickness of wet specimen, in.,b = average width of wet specimen, in.,l = average length of wet specim
27、en, in.,W = weight of dry specimen, lb,d1= average thickness of dry specimen, in.,b1= average width of dry specimen, in., and,l1= average length of dry specimen, in.NOTE 1Due to the wax paper or oil treatment preventing adhesionbetween cement and mold, the volume change (shrinkage) on drying willusu
28、ally be greater in this test than that encountered in service, whereadhesion is obtained between the cement and the surface on which it isapplied.8.2 Values in SI UnitsCalculate the wet and dry coveringcapacities and the volume change upon drying as follows:Cw5 dbl/105W (2)Cd5 d1b1l1/105WV 5 dbl 2 d
29、1b1l1!/dbl 3 100where:Cw= wet covering capacity, m2, 1 cm. in thickness per 100kg of dry cement,Cd= dry covering capacity, m2, 1 cm. in thickness per 100kg of dry cement,V = percentage volume change upon drying, and othersymbols,d = average thickness of wet specimen, mm,b = average width of wet spec
30、imen, mm,l = average length of wet specimen, mm,FIG. 1 Mold for Test Specimens and Locations of Points forThickness MeasurementsC166 05 (2010)2W = weight of dry specimen, kg,d1= average thickness of dry specimen, mm,b1= average width of dry specimen, mm, and,l1= average length of dry specimen, mm.9.
31、 Precision and Bias39.1 BasisThree different laboratories tested the sameproduct five times each for wet coverage, dry coverage, andpercent volume change.9.2 Intralaboratory Precision:9.2.1 Wet CoverageAn average standard deviation, s,of1.7 % of the average mean, x, for the three laboratories.9.2.2
32、Dry CoverageAn average standard deviation, s,of1.7 % of the average mean, x, for the three laboratories.9.2.3 Percent Volume ChangeAn average standard devia-tion, s, of 30 % of the average mean, x, for the threelaboratories.9.3 Interlaboratory Precision:9.3.1 Wet CoverageThe interlab standard deviat
33、ion, s,was 4.7 % of the mean, x, of the lab means.9.3.2 Dry CoverageThe interlab standard deviation, s,was 5.3 % of the mean, x, of the lab means.9.3.3 Percent Volume ChangeThe interlab standard devia-tion, s, was 41.1 % of the mean, x, of the lab means.9.4 BiasNo statement of bias is possible becau
34、se absolutestandards are not available.10. Keywords10.1 cement; thermal insulating; thermal insulating ce-ments; thermal insulation materials; cement; volume change;wet covering capacityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
35、item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical c
36、ommittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
37、a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
38、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C16-1011.C166 05 (2010)3
