1、Designation: C1622/C1622M 10 (Reapproved 2016)1Standard Specification forCold-Weather Admixture Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1622/C1622M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially corrected ASTM designation references in October 2016.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers cold-weather admixtur
3、e sys-tems to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete when thetemperature of the concrete immediately after placement willbe as low as -5.0 C 23.0 F prior to the time of initial set.1.2 This specification stipulates tests of the cold-weatheradmixture system with suitable materials as described in 11.1
4、 11.3 or with materials proposed for specific work (See 11.5).Unless otherwise requested by the purchaser, tests shall bemade using suitable concreting materials as described in 11.1 11.3.NOTE 1Whenever practicable, tests should be made using theconcreting materials, the mixture proportions, and bat
5、ching sequenceproposed for the specific work (See 11.5) because the time of setting,compressive strength gain, and other properties may vary.1.3 This specification provides three levels of testing.1.3.1 Level 1During the initial approval stage, proof ofcompliance with the performance requirements de
6、fined inTable 1 demonstrates that the cold-weather admixture systemmeets the requirements of this specification. Uniformity andequivalence tests (See Section 6) shall be carried out to provideresults against which later comparisons can be made.1.3.2 Level 2Limited retesting is described in 5.2, 5.2.
7、1,and 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table1 demonstrates conformity of the admixture system with therequirements of this specification.1.3.3 Level 3For acceptance of a lot or for measuringuniformity within or between lots, when specified by thepurchaser, uniformity and equivalen
8、ce tests (See Section 6)shall be used.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used i
9、ndependently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes,which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas r
10、equirements of the standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the testmethods portion, Sections 1118, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to e
11、stablish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use. WARNINGFresh hydraulic cementitiousmixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged exposure.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33/C33M
12、 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine andCoarse AggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
13、Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC183/C183M Practice for Sampling and the Amount ofTesting of
14、Hydraulic Cement1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previou
15、s edition approved in 2010 as C1622/C1622M-10.DOI: 10.1520/C1622_C1622M-10R16E01.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregates and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
16、 serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
17、United States1C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concret
18、eMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Cap
19、s inDetermination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensD1193 Specification for Reagent Water2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:4ACI 211.1 Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal,Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition
20、s of terms used in this specification, referto Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 cold-weather admixture system, nan admixture orgroup of admixtures that depresses the freezing point of mixingwater and increases the hydration rate of cement in concrete.3.2.2 co
21、ntrol concrete mixture, na concrete mixture with-out the cold-weather admixture system.3.2.3 dummy concrete specimen, nadditional concretespecimen instrumented with a temperature sensing device toestimate the temperature of test concrete specimens.3.2.4 replicate concrete specimen, nadditional time-
22、of-setting specimen exposed to the same temperature regimen asthe test concrete specimen.3.2.5 test concrete mixture, na concrete mixture with thecold weather admixture system.4. Apparatus4.1 Low Temperature EnvironmentAchamber of sufficientsize to subject the test specimens to the specified low tem
23、pera-ture and that allows access for laboratory personnel to conductappropriate tests. The chamber or chambers shall be capable ofcooling numerous specimens from their initial temperature to-5.0 6 1 C 23.0 6 2.0 F within the specified elapsed timeand maintain them at that temperature for the specifi
24、ed timeperiod.4.2 Temperature Measuring EquipmentThe temperaturemeasuring equipment shall be capable of measuring andrecording the temperature at the center of the dummy speci-mens to 6 1.0 C 6 2.0 F at least every12 h for 7 days.4.3 ToolsMolds and tools for preparing test specimens asdescribed in P
25、ractice C192/C192M. Molds shall have lids toprovide for sealed conditions.5. General Requirements5.1 For initial compliance with this specification, the con-crete shall be tested with the cold-weather admixture systemfor conformance with the requirements in Table 1.5.2 The purchaser is permitted to
26、require limited retesting toconfirm current compliance of the admixture system to speci-fication requirements. The limited retesting includes measure-ments of physical and performance properties of the admixturesystem as described in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.5.2.1 The physical properties retesting consists o
27、f unifor-mity and equivalence tests of the admixture system for infraredabsorption spectrum and relative density.5.2.2 The performance properties retesting consists of timeof initial setting and compressive strength of concrete at 7 and28 days. Purchasers having special requirements are permittedto
28、require additional tests.5.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture system supplied for use inthe work is equivalent in all essential respects, includingconcentration, to the admixture system tested under thisspecification.5.4 At the request of the
29、 purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing the chloride content of the admixture system.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.TABLE 1 Performance Requirementsfor Cold-Weather AdmixtureATime of Initial Setting,m
30、aximum % of controlB200Compressive Strength.minimum % of controlC7 daysD4028 days 8090 days 90Length Change, Maximum Shrinkage(alternative requirements)EPercent of ControlB135Increase over control, percentage points 0.010Relative Durability Factor,Minimum % of controlF80AThe values in the table incl
31、ude allowance for normal variation in test resultsBAs an example, in the case of initial time of setting, if the control mixture has a settime of 4.0 hrs, the test specimens can have a set time up to 8.0 hrs. For lengthchange, if the control specimen shrinks X units, the test specimen is allowed tos
32、hrink up to 1.35X.CThe compressive strength of the concrete containing the cold-weather admixtureshall not be less than 90 % of that attained at the previous test age. The objectiveof this limit is to require that the compressive strength of the cold-weatheradmixture concrete shall not decrease with
33、 age.DBecause the test specimens will be cool and damp for the 7d compressive test,it will be necessary to use unbonded caps as described in PracticeC1231/C1231M.EAlternative requirements, see 17.1.2: Percent of control applies when shrinkageof control concrete is 0.030 % or greater; the increase ov
34、er control limit applieswhen shrinkage of control concrete is 0.030 % or less.FThis requirement is applicable only when the cold-weather admixture is to beused in air-entrained concrete that may be exposed to freezing and thawing whilewet.C1622/C1622M 10 (2016)125.5 Tests for uniformity and equivale
35、nce, as indicated inSection 6, shall be made on the initial sample and the resultsretained for reference and comparison with the results ofsamples taken elsewhere within the lot or subsequent lots ofadmixture supplied to the work.6. Uniformity and Equivalence Tests6.1 When specified by the purchaser
36、, the uniformity of a lot,or equivalence of multiple lots from the same source shall beestablished by the following requirements:6.1.1 Infrared AnalysisThe absorption spectra of the ini-tial sample and the test sample, obtained as specified in Section18, shall exhibit the same pattern of absorption
37、bands in termsof frequency and intensity.6.1.2 Relative Density (Liquid Admixture)When tested asspecified in Section 18, the relative density (specific gravity) ofsubsequent test samples shall not differ from the relativedensity of the initial sample by more than 10 % of thedifference between the re
38、lative density of the initial sample andreagent water at the same temperature. Reagent water conform-ing to Specification D1193, Type III or IV, and prepared bydistillation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or a combination ofthese procedures, is acceptable (See Note 2).6.2 When the nature of the admi
39、xture system or analyticalcapability of the purchaser make these procedures unsuitable,other requirements for uniformity and equivalence from lot tolot or within a lot shall be established by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the manufacturer.NOTE 2Oven drying methods are not appropriate for measur
40、ing theoven-dried residue content for cold-weather admixture system becausewater, present in the form of bound water of hydration, is released slowlyupon drying, and can often lead to highly variable results. Relative densityis an acceptable indication of lot-to-lot uniformity.7. Packaging and Marki
41、ng7.1 When the cold-weather admixture system is delivered inpackages or containers, the proprietary name of the individualadmixtures in the system, the designation of this specification,and the net mass or volume shall be plainly marked thereon.Similar information shall be provided in the shipping i
42、nforma-tion accompanying packages or bulk shipments of admixture.8. Storage8.1 Store the cold-weather admixture system to permit easyaccess for proper inspection and identification of eachshipment, and in a suitable building that will protect theadmixture from moisture absorption if it is a dry admi
43、xture orfrom freezing if it is a liquid admixture.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 Every facility shall be provided to the purchaser forsampling and inspection, either at the point of manufacture orat the site of the work, as specified by the purchaser.9.2 Samples shall be either “grab” or “composite” sam
44、plesas specified by this specification.Agrab sample is one obtainedin a single operation. A composite sample is one obtained bycombining three or more grab samples.9.3 For the purpose of this specification, it is recognized thatsamples will be taken for two reasons:9.3.1 Compliance TestsA sample tak
45、en for evaluatingcompliance of a source or lot of cold-weather admixturesystem shall meet the applicable requirements of this specifi-cation. Samples used to determine conformance with thisspecification shall be composites of grab samples taken fromdifferent locations so that the composite sample wi
46、ll berepresentative of the lot.9.3.2 Uniformity and Equivalence TestsWhen specified bythe purchaser, a sample taken for evaluating the uniformity ofa single lot or equivalence of multiple lots from one sourceshall be tested as provided in Section 6. When uniformity of asingle lot is being determined
47、, grab samples shall be used.When uniformity of multiple lots from the same source is beingdetermined, composite samples from individual lots shall beused.9.4 Liquid AdmixturesLiquid admixtures shall be agitatedimmediately prior to sampling. Grab samples taken for qualityor uniformity tests shall re
48、present a unit shipment or a singleproduction lot. Each grab sample shall be at least 1 L 1 qt. Atleast three grab samples of equal portions shall be taken.Composite samples shall be prepared by mixing the grabsamples and the resultant mixture shall provide at least 3 L 3qt for compliance tests. Gra
49、b samples shall be taken fromdifferent locations distributed throughout the quantity to berepresented.9.4.1 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampledequally from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels bymeans of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks or a weightedsampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed afterthe bottle is lowered to the desired depth.9.4.2 Samples shall be stored in impermeable containersthat are resistant to attack by the admixture.9.5 Nonliquid AdmixturesGrab samples taken for compli-ance or uni
