1、Designation: C1516 05 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forApplication of Direct-Applied Exterior Finish Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the minimum requirements andprocedures for field application of Direct-applied ExteriorFinish
3、Systems (DEFS). Direct-applied exterior finish systemsare coating systems applied over various substrates withnon-metallic reinforcing mesh, in which the base coat rangesfrom not less than116 in. (1.6 mm) to332 in. (2.4 mm) in drythickness, depending on the mass of the reinforcing mesh. Thisbase coa
4、t is subsequently covered with a finish coat that isavailable in a variety of textures and colors.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The metric values given in parentheses areapproximate and are provided for information purposes only.1.3 This standard may in
5、volve hazardous materials, opera-tions and equipment. This standard does not purport to addressall of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regul
6、atory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Or
7、ganization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C11 Terminology Relating to Gypsum and Related BuildingMaterials and SystemsC1063 Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furringto Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-BasedPlasterC1177/C
8、1177M Specification for Glass Mat Gypsum Sub-strate for Use as SheathingC1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsC1278/C1278M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced GypsumPanelC1325 Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Mat Rein-forced Cementitious Backer UnitsE1825 Guide for Evaluation of Exterio
9、r Building WallMaterials, Products, and Systems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions used in this standard shall be in accordancewith Terminology C11.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 accessories, npreformed metal, fiberglass or plasticmembers used to form corners, edges, control join
10、ts, ordecorative effects.3.2.2 back wrapping, na deprecated term. See wrap.3.2.3 base coat, na material, either factory or field-mixed,used to cover the substrate and to encapsulate the reinforcingmesh.3.2.4 cold joint, nthe visible junction in an exterior finish.3.2.5 cure, vto develop the ultimate
11、 properties of a wetstate material by a chemical process.3.2.6 dry, vto develop the ultimate properties of a wetstate material solely by evaporation of volatile ingredients.3.2.7 durability, nthe capability of a building, assembly,component, product, or construction to maintain serviceabilityover no
12、t less than a specified time.3.2.8 embed, vto encapsulate a non-metallic reinforcingmesh in either the joint compound or exterior finish.3.2.9 expansion joint, na structural separation betweenbuilding elements that allows independent movement withoutdamage to the assembly.3.2.10 factory mixed, na ma
13、terial that is prepared at thepoint of manufacture and is ready to use without the additionof other materials, except possibly water to adjust consistency.3.2.11 field mix, na material that is mixed in the field withother components, water, or both.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Co
14、mmittee C11 on Gypsumand Related Building Materials and Systems and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee C11.05 on Application of Exterior Insulating and Finish Systems andRelated Products.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous
15、edition approved in 2011 as C1516 05 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/C1516-05R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
16、website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizat
17、ion established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.12 finish coat, nthe final wet state material, thatprovides color or additional texture, app
18、lied over the reinforcedbase coat.3.2.13 flash set (quick set), nthe early hardening orstiffness in the working characteristics of a Portland-cementpaste, mortar, or concrete, usually with the evolution ofconsiderable heat; stiffness cannot be dispelled nor the plastic-ity regained by further mixing
19、 without addition of water; alsoknown as “quick set.”3.2.14 framing member, nstuds, joist, runners (tracks),bridging, bracing, and related accessories manufactured orsupplied in wood or hot or cold formed steel.3.2.15 initial grab, nthe ability of a wet state material toremain in place initially aft
20、er it has been applied.3.2.16 initial set, na time related set caused by thehydration process.3.2.17 lamina, ncomposite of base coat, reinforcement,and finish coat.3.2.18 mechanical fastener, ncorrosion resistant compo-nent used to attach the substrate to the framing member.3.2.19 reinforcing mesh,
21、na non-metallic component ofthe DEFS encapsulated in the base coat to strengthen thesystem.3.2.19.1 DiscussionNon-metallic reinforcing mesh isavailable in various weights to achieve different levels ofimpact and stress resistance.3.2.20 pot life, nthe duration of time that the wet statematerial rema
22、ins workable after it has been mixed.3.2.21 primers, nliquid coatings applied to improve theadhesion of the DEFS to the substrate.3.2.21.1 DiscussionPrimers are sometimes applied to im-prove the water resistance of cementitious base coats.3.2.22 reinforced base coat, nbase coat that has beenreinforc
23、ed with a non-metallic reinforcing mesh.3.2.23 substrate, nsurface to which the DEFS is applied.3.2.24 surface sealer, nmaterial used to enhance weatherresistance.3.2.25 temper, vto bring to a workable state by addingwater.3.2.26 texture, nany surface appearance as contrasted to asmooth surface.3.2.
24、27 wet edge, nthe leading edge of a continuouslyapplied wet state material.3.2.28 wet state materials, nthe adhesive, base coat andfinish coat components applied in liquid or semi-liquid state.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice provides minimum requirements for theapplication of Direct-applied
25、 Exterior Finish Systems. Therequirements for materials, mixtures, and details shall becontained in the project plans and specifications.5. Delivery of Materials5.1 All materials shall be delivered in packages, containers,or bundles with the identification and markings intact.6. Inspection6.1 Inspec
26、tion of the materials shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase agree-ment.7. Rejection7.1 Materials that are damaged, frozen or in any waydefective shall not be used. Rejection of materials shall bepromptly reported verbally to the producer and immediatelyre
27、ported in writing. The notice of rejection shall contain astatement documenting the basis for material rejection.8. Certification8.1 When specified in the contract documents, the exteriorfinish producer shall furnish a report certifying that thematerials are in conformance with product and material
28、stan-dards and contract documents.8.2 The substrate panels shall be marked as complying withthe applicable product specification.9. Storage of Materials9.1 All materials shall be kept dry by storage under coverand protected from the weather.9.1.1 When outside storage is required, substrate panelssha
29、ll be stacked flat with care taken to avoid damage to edges,ends, or surfaces.9.1.2 All other DEFS components shall be stacked off theground, supported on a level platform and protected from thedirect sunlight, weather, surface contamination or physicaldamage in accordance with the DEFS producers wr
30、itteninstructions.9.2 Materials shall be protected from exposure to tempera-tures less than 40F (4C), unless otherwise specified by themanufacturer.9.3 Portland Cement shall be kept dry until ready for use. Itshall be kept off the ground, under cover and away from dampwalls and surfaces.10. Environm
31、ental Conditions10.1 Cold Weather Conditions:10.1.1 Wet materials shall not be applied when the tempera-ture is less than 40F (4C) unless temporary heat andenclosures are provided to maintain a minimum temperature of40F (4C) for a minimum period of not less than 24 h before,during and after applicat
32、ion or unless otherwise specified bythe manufacturer.10.1.2 Materials shall not be applied to a base containingfrost. Substrate surface temperature shall be not less than 40F(4C) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Mixturesfor application shall not contain any frozen ingredients.C1516 05
33、 (2017)211. Assessment of Condition of Substrates to ReceiveDirect Exterior and Finish Systems11.1 The substrate shall be as required by the project plansand specifications and as specified by the DEFS producer forthe particular system.11.2 The substrate shall be inspected by the applicator andgener
34、al contractor to ensure that it meets the project plans andspecifications and the requirements of 11.3 11.8.2.11.3 Sheathing materials shall be inspected to ensure that:11.3.1 The specified sheathing thickness has been installedfor the stud spacing used.11.3.2 Fastener type and fastener spacing are
35、as specified.11.3.3 Water-resistant exterior fiber-reinforced gypsumsheathing panels complying with Specification C1278/C1278M, shall be installed in accordance with the sheetproducers written installation instructions, which include de-tails of framing type and spacing, fastener type and spacing,an
36、d sheet orientation and spacing.11.3.4 Glass mat gypsum sheathing complying with Speci-fication C1177/C1177M, shall be installed in accordance withthe sheet producers written installation instructions, whichinclude details of framing type and spacing, fastener type andspacing, and sheet orientation
37、and spacing.11.3.5 Fiber-cement sheets complying with SpecificationC1186, Type A, shall be installed in accordance with the sheetproducers written installation instructions, which include de-tails of framing type and spacing, fastener type and spacing,and sheet orientation and spacing.11.3.6 Fiber-m
38、at reinforced cement sheets complying withSpecification C1325, type A, shall be installed in accordancewith the sheet producers written installation instructions,which include details of framing type and spacing, fastenertype and spacing, and sheet orientation and spacing.11.4 AlignmentAll substrate
39、 surfaces shall be straight andtrue within14 in. in 10 ft. (2 mm/m). More stringent require-ments by the DEFS producer shall supersede the above statedrequirements.11.5 Suitability for UseThe substrate surface shall be firm,sound, and undamaged in order to receive the exterior finish.11.5.1 Broken,
40、cracked or delaminated substrate boardsshall be replaced or restored to a condition equal to adjacentundamaged boards.11.6 CleanlinessThe surface of all substrates shall beclean and free from any foreign materials such as form releaseagents, curing compounds, dust, dirt, frost, oil or grease,efflore
41、scence and laitance.11.6.1 All substrate panels shall have all loose dirt and dustremoved by cleaning methods appropriate for the job and jobconditions.11.6.2 Efflorescence and laitance on substrate panels shallbe removed prior to exterior finish application. Heavy depositsshall be removed using han
42、d or power impact tools followed bywashing with an appropriate cleaner. Light deposits shall beremoved by washing with an appropriate cleaner. All looseparticles and cleaner residue shall be removed by washing withclean, potable water. The surface shall be allowed to dry.11.7 Substrate ConditionTher
43、e shall be no visible water.11.8 If furring or accessories are used, they shall be installedin conformance with Specification C1063.11.8.1 These members shall be properly attached, straight,and true unless required by the system design.11.8.2 All accessories shall be free of rust, oil, or otherforei
44、gn matter or contaminants, which cause bond failure orunsightly discoloration.12. Reinforced Base Coat Application12.1 Inspect the substrate panel surface to ensure that it isclean, dry, free of all foreign materials, and damage of anytype. Substrate panel planar irregularities of more than116 in.(1
45、.6 mm) shall be corrected. All panel joints shall be tightlyabutted or shall be filled with recommended joint beddingmaterial.12.2 Base Coat PreparationAll materials requiring fieldpreparation shall be mixed in accordance with the DEFSproducers specifications.12.3 Base Coat ApplicationThe prepared b
46、ase coat shallbe uniformly spread over the entire surface of the substratepanel.12.4 Reinforcing MeshThe single layer reinforcing mesh,when specified, shall be fully encapsulated in the field of thewall, at corners, edges, and joints. Trowel from the center to theedge of the reinforcing mesh to avoi
47、d wrinkles. The singlelayer reinforcing mesh shall be continuous at all corners.NOTE 1The recommended method is to apply the base coat in twoapplications.12.4.1 The surface shall be free of voids, projections, trowelmarks and other surface irregularities. The base coat thicknessshall be not less tha
48、n116 in. (1.6 mm) dry as measured from thesurface of the substrate panel.12.5 Reinforcing Mesh Overlap- All reinforcing meshedges shall be overlapped not less than 212 in. (64 mm).12.6 Impact LayersWhen required, higher impact perfor-mance shall be achieved with multiple layers of reinforcingmesh or
49、 by incorporating heavier weight reinforcing mesh. Allareas requiring higher impact performance shall be detailed onthe project plans and specifications. When overlapping of highimpact mesh is not required, a complete second layer ofreinforcing mesh shall be applied over the layer of high impactmesh.12.7 CornersReinforcing mesh shall not be lapped within8 in. (204 mm) of any corner.12.8 Wall PenetrationsAll edges of the substrate panelboard at penetrations of the DEFS, such as at windows, doors,Heating, Ventilation and