1、Designation: C1353/C1353M 091C1353/C1353M 15Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to FootTraffic Using a Rotary Platform, Double-Head PlatformAbraser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1353/C1353M; the number immediately following the designation
2、indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe designation was corrected to Combined Un
3、its in October 2013.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the establishment of an index of abrasion resistance by determination of loss of volume resultingfrom abrasion of dimension stone as described in Terminology C119 and is based on Guide G195.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either inch-pound units
4、or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe formula for ca
5、lculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurementsof weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units.1.2.2 ExceptionAs the equipment used in this test method was designed and initially fabricated using dimensions ininch-pound units, the values of equ
6、ipment dimensions stated in SI units have been given as exact conversions to the nearest 0.1mm.1.3 This test method uses a rotary platform, double-head platform abraser to determine the loss in volume of dimension stonecaused by abrasion under controlled conditions.1.4 This test method is useful in
7、indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various dimension stones. Thistest method provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the
8、user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C97 Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension StoneC119 Terminology Relating to Dimensi
9、on StoneC121 Test Method for Water Absorption of SlateG195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abraserwear testing instrument to evaluate abrasion resistance, also referred to as an abrader.3.1.2 abrasi
10、on cyclein abrasion testing, one or more movements of the abradant across a material surface, or the materialsurface across the abradant, that permits a return to its starting position. In the case of the rotary platform test method, it consistsof one complete rotation of the specimen.1 This test me
11、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Feb. 15, 2015. Published October 2009April 2015. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 200820
12、09 asC1353 08.C1353 091. DOI: 10.1520/C1353_C1353M-09E01.10.1520/C1353_C1353M-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
13、on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that use
14、rs consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 index of abrasion resi
15、stance, na number calculated from the weight loss of a specimen subjected to a given number ofrevolutions against a standard bonded abrasive wheel.3.1.4 resurfaceprocedure of cleaning and refreshing the running surface of an abrasive wheel prior to or during use in testing.3.1.5 sample, na geometric
16、ally regular block of stone.3.1.6 test specimen, na flat prism of specified size and shape cut from the submitted sample.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is abraded using rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The testspecimen is mounted on a turnta
17、ble platform and turns on a vertical axis, against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. Oneabrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periphery and the other, inward toward the center. The resulting abrasionmarks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area of approximately 5 in.2 30
18、 cm2. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated bydetermination of the loss of volume due to abrasion and calculation of an index of abrasion resistance.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of dimension stone and may be related to end-useperforma
19、nce, or used to comparatively rank material performance, or both. The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion, asmeasured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance asexperienced in the actual use of the material. Calculation o
20、f predicted life should not be based on specific abrasion data alone.5.2 The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressurebetween the specimen and abradant; mounting or tension of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of
21、finishing materials.5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform, double-head platform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in theabradant during the course of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change(that is, become clogge
22、d) due to pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abradingwheels may require resurfacing after use.resurfacing.6. Apparatus6.1 Rotary Platform, Double-Head (RPDH) AbraserPlatform Abraser, , consisting of the elements described in 6.1.1 6.1.5(see Fig
23、. 1).6.1.1 A removable turntable specimen turntable platform, which includes a rubber pad, clamp plate, centrally located threadedpost and nut. The turntable shall be motor driven and mounted so as to produce a circular surface travel of a flat specimen in theplane of its surface. The specimen platf
24、orm shall rotate with no visible wobble. This can be checked with a dial indicator at thetop outer edge of the platform to make sure it runs true within 0.02 in. 0.5 mm.6.1.2 A motor capable of rotating the turntable platform at a speed of either 72 6 2 r/min or 60 6 2 r/min.6.1.3 A pair of pivoted
25、arms to which the abrasive wheels and accessory weights or counterweights are attached.FIG. 1 Rotary Platform, Double-Head (RPDH) Abraser, with Dual Testing PlatformsPlatform AbraserC1353/C1353M 1526.1.4 A vacuum suction system and vacuum pickup nozzle to remove debris and abrasive particles from th
26、e specimen surfaceduring testing. The height of the vacuum pickup nozzle shall be adjustable, and the nozzle will have two 38 in. 8 mm openings.One opening shall be positioned between the two wheels and over the wear path and the other placed diametrically opposite, with3 in. 76.2 mm distance betwee
27、n the axes of the two openings. The vacuum suction force at the surface of the specimen shall besufficient to remove debris and abrasive particles.6.1.5 A counter to record the number of abrasion cycles (revolutions) made by the turntable platform.6.2 Abrasive Wheels3, which are attached to the free
28、 end of the pivoted arms and are able to rotate freely about horizontalspindles.6.2.1 The wheels shall be 12 in. 12.7 mm thick and have an external diameter of 2 in. 50.851.9 mm when new, and in nocase less than 134 in. 41.344.4 mm. The abrasive wheels shall be vitrified based, consisting of hard pa
29、rticles embedded in abinder material. H-22 Calibrade wheels are the required grade of abrasive for this test method.6.2.2 The internal faces of the abrasive wheels shall be 2116 in. 52.4 mm apart and the hypothetical line through the twospindles shall be 34 in. 19.1 mm away from the central axis of
30、the turntable (see Fig. 2). The wheels should be spaced equallyon both sides from the wheel-mounting flange to the center of the specimen holder. The distance from the inside of the wheelmounting flange to the center of the specimen holder shall be 112 in. 38.138.9 mm.6.2.3 When resting on the speci
31、men, the wheels will have a peripheral engagement with the surface of the specimen, thedirection of travel of the periphery of the wheels and of the specimen at the contacting portions being at acute angles, and the anglesof travel of one wheel periphery being opposite to that of the other. Motion o
32、f the abrasive wheels, in opposite directions, isprovided by rotation of the specimen and the associated friction therefrom.6.3 Accessory Weights3, to be attached to the pivoted arms to provide a force of 2.2 lb 1000 g, whichwhen the wheel is pressedagainst the specimen, exclusive of the mass of the
33、 wheel itself. Accessory weight references are per arm (not combined), andinclude the mass of the pivoted arm.6.4 Auxiliary Apparatus:6.4.1 Wheel refacer3, with a diamond tool for resurfacing vitrified wheels or correcting out of round wheels.6.4.2 A soft bristle brush, to remove loose particles fro
34、m the surface of the specimen after testing.6.5 Balance, with a capacity of 1 lb 500 g and capable of reading to two decimal places.6.6 Desiccator containing a drying agent of sufficient size to contain samples to be tested.6.7 Diamond saw (cut-off) with diamond-edged blade, cooled and flushed with
35、water.3 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY, 14120. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful co
36、nsideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend. The Taber abraser is available in two models: the 5130 with a single platform or the 5150 with dual testing platforms. Bothmachines function in the same manner.FIG. 2 Central Axis of the TurntableDiagrammatic Arra
37、ngement of Rotary Platform Abraser Test Set-upC1353/C1353M 1536.8 Electrically powered drill with tungsten carbide or diamond bit capable of drilling a 14 in. 6.5 mm hole (see 7.3) throughthe specimen. Drill may be cooled and flushed with water if required.6.9 A ventilated drying oven.7. Test Specim
38、ens7.1 Three test specimens are required. Each test specimen shall meet the following conditions.7.2 Specimen DimensionsAslab 4 in. 100 mm square with a 14the corners cut off in. 6.5 mm hole in the center. If the massof the specimen exceeds the capacity of the balance, cut off the corners to give a
39、minimum radius of 2 in. 50 mm and a maximumradius of 238 in. 60 mm with a mm.14 in. 6.5 mm hole in the center.7.3 Specimen ThicknessThe standard material thickness that can be evaluated with the rotary platform abraser is 14 in. 6.5mm or less. For materials thicker than 14 in. 6.5 mm but less than 1
40、2 in. 13 mm, an extension nut such as type S-213S-213or equivalent may be used. used (requires 38 in. 9.5 mm center hole). Alternatively, an arm height extension kit3 will permittesting of specimens up to 1.5 in. 40 mm in thickness.thickness (requires 12 in. 13 mm center hole).7.4 The upper surface
41、of the specimens shall be flat with either a finish as required for the test or ground and smoothed with120 mesh grit. Rough surfaces, such as thermal, bush-hammered, gang-sawn, and cleft finishes, are not suitable for testing inaccordance with this test method.8. Procedure8.1 Determine the bulk spe
42、cific gravity () of the specimens in accordance with Test Methods C97 or C121 for slate. Bulkspecific gravity testing shall be performed, using a modified specimen geometry, on the same specimens to be used for the abrasionresistance tests.8.2 Condition the specimens by drying in an oven at a temper
43、ature of 140F64F 60C62C for 48 h. Cool in a desiccator.The test specimens shall remain in the desiccator until tested. Tests should not begin unless the relative humidity is 45 to 55 %and the temperature is at 7264F 2263C.8.3 Weigh the test specimens (wo) to the nearest 0.01 g.8.4 Place the test spe
44、cimen on the table of the abraser with the surface to be tested uppermost. uppermost and secure in place.8.5 Perform test work in a controlled environment, space, or room.8.6 Set the vacuum cleaner-extractor to 90 to 100 % capacity. Lower and adjust the orifice arm vacuum pick-up nozzle so theorific
45、e is a distance of 116 to 18 in. 1 to 2 mm above the test surface. Ensure that the vacuum suction force will lift the abradedparticles, but not lift the specimen.NOTE 1Ensure that the vacuum suction force will remove the abraded particles. Wear debris left on the specimen surface may influence the r
46、esults.8.7 Preparation of Vitrified Abrading WheelsVitrified wheels do not require resurfacing unless the abrading surface becomesclogged, chipped or out of round. A wheel refacer shouldshall be used to correct any of these conditions.8.8 Load each holder with a Mount the accessory weight to provide
47、 a load of 2.2 lb 1000 g weight above the on each abrasivewheel and gently lower the wheels onto the surface of the test specimen.8.9 Switch on the vacuum cleaner-extractor.8.9 Start the rotary platform double-head abraser and subject the test specimen to abrasion for 1000 revolutions. Gently brusht
48、he abrasive wheels while the test specimen is rotating to assist in the removal of loose dust and prevent clogging the abrasivewheels.NOTE 2The preferred number of revolutions is 1000 regardless of the stone type. Some stones may wear through before 1000 revolutions. For thesestones, the equipment s
49、hould be stopped when the wear has reduced the thickness by 70 to 80 %. Stop the test if the abrasive wheels become excessivelyworn. If the test is stopped before 1000 revolutions are completed, state the reason in the test report.8.10 Remove the specimen carefully from the table, brush clean the dust and abrasive grains, and weigh (w1).9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the index of abrasion resistance as follows:Iw 5 36.75wo 2 w133 n1000where:Iw = index of abrasion resistance,wo
