1、Designation: C125 13aC125 13bStandard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions of t
3、erms as they are used in standards under the jurisdiction of Committee C09.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Terms relating to cons
4、tituents of aggregates forradiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descriptive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included in Terminology C219. Additionally, the American Concrete Institutehas an electronic document, ACI Concrete Terminology,2 which is updated perio
5、dically. While this ACI Terminology is a usefulresource, it shall not be referenced directly in ASTM standards because it is not a consensus document. The use of individual ACIor other definitions in ASTM standards shall be in accordance with Form and Style, Section E5.9, Attributions.1.4 When a ter
6、m is used in an ASTM standard for which Committee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if used inmore than one Committee C09 standard.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is still appropriateas stat
7、ed. Revisions will be made when determined necessary. The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definition indicates the year the definitionor revision to the definition was approved. A letter R and a year indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the term has not yet beenrevi
8、ewed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Tim
9、e of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Cons
10、tituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity MethodC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Constructio
11、n and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluationC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC1610/C1610M Test Method for Static Segregation of Self-Consolidating Concrete Using Column TechniqueC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow
12、 of Self-Consolidating ConcreteE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.91 onTerminology.Current
13、 edition approved Aug. 1, 2013Dec. 15, 2013. Published August 2013January 2014. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asC12513.13a. DOI: 10.1520/C0125-13a.10.1520/C0125-13b.2 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-909
14、4, http:/www.terminology.concrete.org.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an
15、 ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. I
16、n all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Ter
17、ms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into and tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from the penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concrete a
18、nd concrete aggregates, unless otherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass is that which does not includewater adhering to the outside surface, the increase in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of the body and the body is considered to be“dry” when it has bee
19、n treated by an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as drying to constant mass at a temperature between 100and 110C.accreditation, nof testing agency, a process by which an evaluation authority attests that a testing agency has demonstrated thecompetency to perform specific tasks in
20、 accordance with a standard. (2011)admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that is used as aningredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is added to the batchbefore or
21、 during its mixing. (R 2008)accelerating admixture,nadmixture that accelerates the setting and early strength development of concrete. (C494/C494M)air-entraining admixture,nadmixture that causes the development of a system of microscopic air bubbles in concrete or mortarduring mixing.chemical admixt
22、ure,na nonpozzolanic admixture in the form of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid.mineral admixture,ndeprecated term.DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types of water insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials, cementitious materials,and aggregate.
23、 These materials are not similar, and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of the specific material should be used,for example, use “pozzolan,” “slag cement,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as is appropriate.retarding admixture,nadmixture that retards the setting of concrete.
24、 (C494/C494M)water-reducing admixture,nadmixture that either increases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasingthe water content or that maintains the slump with a reduced amount of water due to factors other than air entrainment.water-reducing admixture, high-range,na water-
25、reducing admixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction of watercontent when tested in accordance with Specification C494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirements of SpecificationC494/C494M.aggregate, ngranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, or iron blast-furnace sla
26、g, used with a cementing mediumto form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R 2008)coarse aggregate,n(1) aggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregateretained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied u
27、nder differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either in a natural conditionor after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading should be stated in the specification.fine aggregate,n(1) aggregate passing
28、 the 9.5-mm (38-in.) sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andpredominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or (2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve andretained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be appli
29、ed under differing circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregate either in a natural conditionor after processing. Definition (2) is applied to a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and grading should be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate,nsee high-
30、density aggregate.high-density aggregate,naggregate with relative density greater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, ilmenite, iron,or steel.lightweight aggregate,nsee low-density aggregate.C125 13b2low-density aggregate,naggregate with bulk density less than 1120 kg/m3 70 lb/ft3, such
31、as: pumice, scoria, volcanic cinders,tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; and end products ofcoal or coke combustion.normal-density aggregate,naggregate that is neither high nor low density.DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggr
32、egate with relative density typically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typically ranging between 1120 kg/m370 lb/ft3 and 1920 kg/m3 120 lb/ft3.normalweight aggregate,nsee normal-density aggregate.aircontent, nthe volume of air voids in cement paste, mortar, or concrete, exclusive of
33、 pore space in aggregate particles, usuallyexpressed as a percentage of total volume of the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R 2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air, entrained, nair voids, typically between 10 and 1000 m (1 mm) in diameter and spherical or nearly so, t
34、hat are incorporatedintentionally into a cementitious mixture during mixing by use of an air entraining admixture. (2012)DISCUSSIONEntrained air is used primarily to increase the durability of cementitious mixtures exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing in wet environments.Entrained air may affec
35、t workability and strength of a hardened cementitious mixture.air, entrapped, nair voids, typically 1 mm or larger in size and mainly irregular in shape, that are incorporated unintentionallyinto a cementitious mixture during mixing and handling. (2012)air voidsee void, air.authority, evaluation, na
36、n independent entity, apart from the testing agency being evaluated, that has the capability to providean unbiased evaluation of the technical activities of concrete and concrete aggregates testing agencies. (2011)DISCUSSIONTwo acceptable methods of evaluation are inspection and accreditation, and t
37、hese services are offered by various evaluation authorities.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases,that is developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R 2008)blast-furnace sla
38、g, air-cooled , nthe material resulting from solidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by application of water to the solidified surface. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, expanded, nthe low density cellular material obtained by controll
39、ed processing of molten blast-furnace slagwith water or water and other agents, such as steam or compressed air or both. (R 2011)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular material formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled, as byimmersion in water. (R 2008)bleeding, nthe au
40、togenous flow of mixing water within, or its emergence from, a newly placed concrete or mortar cementitiousmixture caused by the settlement of the solid materials within the mass, also called water gain. (R 2008)mass. (R 2013)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a unit volume of bulk aggregate m
41、aterial (the unit volume includes the volume of theindividual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles). (R 2008)DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightof aggregate.calcined, adjheated to a temperature less than the melting point so as to bring about a decompo
42、sition, phase transition, orremoval of a volatile fraction of a solid material. (2012)calibration, nof measuring instrument, a process that, under specified conditions and following a standard procedure, establishesmetrological traceability by determining: (1) the relationship between the quantity v
43、alues provided by measurement standardsor certified reference materials and the corresponding indications from a measuring instrument or system; and (2) the estimateduncertainty of measurements made subsequently with the instrument or system. (2011)C125 13b3DISCUSSIONCalibration takes into account s
44、ystematic error (or bias) of the measuring instrument or system as well as random error that is associated with the useof the measurement instrument or system and error associated with the measurement standards or certified reference materials. Calibration should notbe confused with an adjustment of
45、 a measuring instrument or with verification of a measuring instrument. Sometimes the first step alone is mistakenlycalled calibration, but performing only the first step is the process of standardization. In tests of concrete and concrete aggregates, standardizationof measuring instruments or syste
46、ms is often sufficient.cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.(R 2008)cement, slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag that has been ground to cement fineness, with or without addit
47、ions, and that is ahydraulic cement.cementitious material (hydraulic) , nan inorganic material or a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and develops strengthby chemical reaction with water by formation of hydrates and is capable of doing so under water. (R 2008)cementitious material, supplement
48、ary, (SCM), nan inorganic material that contributes to the properties of a cementitiousmixture through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity, or both. (2012)DISCUSSIONSome examples of supplementary cementitious materials are fly ash, silica fume, slag cement, rice husk ash, and natural pozzolans. In prac
49、tice, thesematerials are used in combination with portland cement.cementitious mixture, na mixture (mortar, concrete, or grout) containing hydraulic cement. (R 2008)certification, nof technician, a procedure to determine and attest in writing that an individual is qualified to perform specific testmethods or practices. (2013)compound, curing, na liquid that, when applied to the surface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membrane that impedes theevaporation of water and, in the case of white pigmented compounds, refl
