1、Designation: C 1222 06Standard Practice forEvaluation of Laboratories Testing Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1222; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the technical training and experi-ence of laboratory testing personnel and identifies the mini-mum technical re
3、quirements for laboratory equipment used intesting of hydraulic cement as prescribed by ASTM.1.2 This practice provides minimum criteria for evaluatingthe capability of a laboratory to perform chemical or physicaltests listed in the various specifications on hydraulic cement(see Note 1).NOTE 1Releva
4、nt hydraulic cement specifications are SpecificationsC91, C 150, C 595, C 845, and Performance Specification C 1157.1.3 The SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
5、 the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C91 Specification for Masonry CementC 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement
6、 Mortars(Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC115 Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by theTurbidimeterC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 185 Test Method for Air Conte
7、nt of Hydraulic CementMortarC 187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of HydraulicCementC 191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC 204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement byAir-Permeability ApparatusC 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC 230/C 230M S
8、pecification for Flow Table for Use in Testsof Hydraulic CementC 266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore NeedlesC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC 451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Ce-me
9、nt (Paste Method)C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic CementC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC 1506 Test Method for Water Retention of HydraulicCement-Based Mortars and PlastersE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing
10、Machines2.2 Other Documents:ACI 116R Cement and Concrete Terminology33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 inspection, na process of measuring, examining,testing, gaging, or using other procedures to ascertain thequality or state, detect errors or defects, or otherwise appraisematerials, products, ser
11、vices, systems, or environments whencompared to preestablished criteria.3.1.2 Additional definitions may be found in TerminologiesC 125 and C 219, Practices E4, and ACI 116R.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 evaluation authority, nan independent entity, apartfrom the organizat
12、ion being evaluated, that can provide anunbiased evaluation of the organization and shall have thecapability to assess the technical activities of testing laborato-ries (see Discussion).3.2.1.1 DiscussionOne such evaluation authority is theCement and Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL).4Labo-ratory
13、 inspection is broadened into accreditation programs by1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.95 on Coordination of Standards.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved in 199
14、1. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1222 05a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Avai
15、lable from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.4CCRL, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr.,Stop 8618, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8618; www.ccrl.us.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi
16、s standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.such independent authorities as the National Voluntary Labo-ratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP),5American Associa-tion for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA)6AASHTO Accredi-tati
17、on Program (AAP),7and others established.3.2.2 laboratory technician, nan employee of the labora-tory who is assigned to perform the actual testing operationsprimarily conducted in the laboratory.3.2.3 quality systems, nthose internal procedures andpractices that a laboratory utilizes to ensure cont
18、inued compli-ance with applicable testing standards.3.2.4 subcontracting, nemploying another organization toprovide testing services that the laboratory contracted toprovide.3.2.5 testing laboratory, nan organization that measures,examines, performs tests, or otherwise determines the charac-teristic
19、s or performance of materials or products. This mayinclude organizations that offer commercial testing services, anin-house quality control function, an academic institution, orany other organization providing the specified testing services.4. Significance and Use4.1 The testing of hydraulic cement
20、is an important elementin obtaining quality construction. A testing laboratory must beselected with care.4.2 A testing laboratory shall be deemed qualified to per-form and report the results of its tests if the laboratory meetsthe requirements of this practice.4.3 This practice provides guidance for
21、 evaluating theorganization, personnel, facilities, and quality systems of thelaboratory. This practice may be supplemented by criteria andrequirements for particular projects.5. Documentation of Organization5.1 The following information shall be readily available forreview:5.1.1 A description of th
22、e organization, including the com-plete legal name and address of the main office and eachlaboratory location, names and positions of the principalofficers and the individual in charge of the laboratory,5.1.2 A description of the organization management struc-ture, and5.1.3 A listing of the range of
23、 services offered.6. Human Resources6.1 The manager of the laboratory shall be a chemist,materials analyst, or an engineer and a full-time employee ofthe organization having at least three years supervisory expe-rience in the testing of hydraulic cement; however, a personwith equivalent science-orie
24、nted education or experience hav-ing satisfactorily directed testing of hydraulic cement is ac-ceptable.7. Testing and Additional Requirements7.1 Testing RequirementsThe organization shall have thecapability of performing tests associated with its range ofservices (see Note 2). The laboratory shall
25、have the facilitiesand equipment required for preparing, storing, conditioning,and testing specimens.NOTE 2The range of services of a testing laboratory may involveeither chemical testing or physical testing, or both. The laboratory neednot perform all tests listed in the applicableASTM specificatio
26、n, but ratherhave the required equipment and demonstrate the ability to perform theprocedures within its reported range of services.7.1.1 The laboratory shall use the latest version of eachreferencedASTM standard within one year of its publication inthe Annual Book of ASTM Standards except where an
27、earlierversion is specifically required.7.1.2 Laboratory personnel shall have convenient access toapplicable standards.7.2 Additional RequirementsThe following requirementsapply to only those tests performed by the laboratory. They areintended to supplement certain provisions of the standard testmet
28、hods.7.2.1 Analytical balances and reference masses shall bechecked at least annually and shall conform to the requirementsof Test Methods C114.7.2.2 Flow tables shall be checked at least every 212 yearsusing the calibration material described in Specification C 230.7.2.3 Compression machines shall
29、be verified, in accor-dance with Practices E4 at least annually to determine ifindicated loads, with and without the maximum load indicator(when so equipped), are accurate to 61.0 %.7.2.4 Compression machine bearing blocks shall be checkedfor planeness in accordance with the requirements of TestMeth
30、od C 109/C 109M at least annually using a straightedgeand feeler stock and shall be refinished if found to be out oftolerance.7.2.5 Air content measures (400 mL) shall be calibrated atleast every 212 years following the procedures described inTest Method C 185.7.2.6 Wagner turbidimeter apparatus sha
31、ll be calibrated atleast every six months using the procedures described in TestMethod C115.7.2.7 Cube molds and tampers shall be checked for con-formance to the design and dimensional requirements of TestMethod C 109/C 109M at least every 212 years.7.2.8 Vicat apparatus and vicat ring shall be insp
32、ected andchecked for conformance to Test Methods C 187, C 191, andC 451 at least every 212 years.7.2.9 Gillmore test apparatus shall be inspected and checkedfor conformance to the requirements of Test Method C 266 atleast every 212 years.7.2.10 Mechanical mixing apparatus shall be inspected andcheck
33、ed for conformance to the requirements of Practice C 305at least every 212 years.7.2.11 Air-permeability apparatus and related accessoryequipment shall be calibrated and checked for conformance toTest Method C 204 at least every 212 years.5NVLAP, Standards Services Division, National Institute of St
34、andards andTechnology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 2140, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-2140.6American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA), 5301 Buckey-stown Pike, Suite 350 Frederick, MD 21704; .7Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. C
35、apitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001;www.transportation.org.C12220627.2.11.1 Check determinations shall be made against stan-dard or secondary standard reference samples every sixmonths. If the results exceed the precision of the test method,the apparatus shall be recalibrated.7.2.12 Wate
36、r-retention apparatus and related equipmentshall be checked for conformance to Test Method C 1506 atleast every 212 years.8. Subcontracting8.1 Subcontracting for the performance of part or all of atest method is permitted. When subcontracting is used thequality of the work provided must be ensured.
37、The require-ments for evaluation differ depending on the permanence of thesubcontracting.8.2 Permanent SubcontractingWhen all or a portion of atest method is subcontracted on a permanent basis then thesubcontracted organization must be subjected to separateevaluation according to this practice for t
38、he methods subcon-tracted. The laboratory shall retain a copy of this evaluation forreview by the evaluation authority.8.3 Temporary SubcontractingWhen all or a portion of atest method is subcontracted on a temporary basis then thelaboratory shall ensure the quality of the subcontracted work.The lev
39、el and type of assurance will depend on the extent of thesubcontracting (see Note 3). The laboratory shall retain recordsof this assurance for review by the evaluation authority.NOTE 3Some examples of assurance for different levels of temporarysubcontracting are: (1) a review of calibrations records
40、 when the use of apiece of equipment is subcontracted; and (2) a satisfactory rating on aproficiency sample when a method is subcontracted. Other means ofassurance are test results from a standard reference material or, in the caseof chemical testing records of qualification testing.9. Quality Syste
41、m9.1 Quality System RequirementsThe laboratory shall es-tablish a quality system for ensuring the quality of servicesoffered.9.1.1 The laboratory shall maintain written documentationfor the following:9.1.1.1 Procedures for sampling, handling, and testing thehydraulic cement,9.1.1.2 Procedures for tr
42、aining and evaluating laboratorypersonnel,9.1.1.3 Procedures for calibrating and maintaining testequipment, and9.1.1.4 Procedures for handling technical complaints fromclients about results, procedures, or methods used.9.1.2 The laboratory shall maintain current standard testmethods and other pertin
43、ent reference material.9.1.3 The laboratory shall participate in the appropriateCCRL Cement Proficiency Sample Program (see Note 4).NOTE 4The CCRL offers proficiency sample programs for physicaland chemical testing of portland and blended cements and physical testingof masonry cement. The laboratory
44、 should participate in the programcompatible with its scope.10. Laboratory Records and Reports10.1 Quality System RecordsThe laboratory shall main-tain records indicating compliance with the procedures de-scribed in their quality system documentation. Records shall bemaintained for at least five yea
45、rs. The records shall include atleast the following:10.1.1 Results of all calibrations and verifications per-formed in the laboratory,10.1.2 Traceability or accuracy of any in-house calibrationor verification equipment used,10.1.3 An inventory and description of all required testequipment,10.1.4 Rec
46、ords on laboratory personnel that document workexperience, education, on-the-job training, and action taken toensure continued competence in performing the required testmethods,10.1.5 Records of audits and inspections by outside agen-cies and all reports or certifications, with applicable dates, ofa
47、ny evaluations or accreditations issued by an evaluatingauthority, and10.1.6 Records of participation in the appropriate CCRLCement Proficiency Sample Program.10.2 Test Report RecordsThe laboratory shall maintain asystem of documentation that permits verification of any testreport issued. Each test
48、report and supporting documentationshall be retained for at least three years. Corrections oradditions to reports shall clearly reference the report beingamended. Include in the test report or the supporting documen-tation the following information:10.2.1 Name and address of the laboratory,10.2.2 Id
49、entification of the report and the date issued,10.2.3 Name of the client, if applicable,10.2.4 Project identification, if applicable,10.2.5 Sample identification,10.2.6 Date of receipt of test samples,10.2.7 Date(s) of test performance,10.2.8 Identification of the standard test method used, and anotation of all known deviations from the test method observedduring the testing of the sample being reported (see Note 5).NOTE 5Deviation from standard test methods may adversely affectresults.10.2.9 Identification of any standard test methods subcon
