1、Designation: C 1218/C 1218M 99Standard Test Method forWater-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1218/C 1218M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures for the samplingand analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete forchloride tha
3、t is water soluble under the conditions of test.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-notes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be
4、regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, as
5、sociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 42 Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores
6、and Sawed Beams of Concrete2C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCement3C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials2C 823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of HardenedConcrete in Construction2C 1084 Test Method for Portlan
7、d-Cement Content of Hard-ened Hydraulic Concrete2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water4E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-poses2E 832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers53. Significance and Use3.1 Water-soluble chloride, when present in sufficientamount, is capable of l
8、eading to initiation or acceleration of thecorrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting acement system such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, itsdetermination shall be required to evaluate the potential of acement system for undergoing such reactions or to investigatecement syste
9、ms where such reaction has already occurred.However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloridedetermined at some particular time in the life of a cementsystem is capable of being substantially different than that atanother time; for example, the service environment is capableof resulting in
10、a higher water-soluble chloride content due tochanges in solubility or a lower one due to leaching.3.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-solublechloride determinations. Take caution when comparing resultsfrom this test method with those from other test methods.3.2 Sulfides are known t
11、o interfere with the determination ofchloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cementscontain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of suchinterference and produce erroneously high test results. Treat-ment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test MethodsC 114, is used to el
12、iminate such interference.3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is notavailable for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by useof this test method.64. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Equipment:4.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples bycoring or sawing is described in Test Method
13、C 42.4.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling(pulverization):4.1.2.1 Rotary impact drill and drill or pulverizing bits.4.1.2.2 Spoon or other suitable means to collect withoutcontamination pulverized sample material produced by drill-ing.4.1.2.3 Sample containers capable of maintai
14、ning samplesin an uncontaminated state.4.2 Sample Processing ApparatusThe apparatus requiredfor processing samples shall be chosen for its suitability for thepurposes of the investigation, and frequently includes a con-crete saw and one or more pulverizers.1This test method is under the jurisdiction
15、 of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concreteand Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.69 onMiscellaneous Tests.Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999. Originallypublished as C 1218 92. Last previous edition C 1218 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
16、Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.6For more information see “The Determination of the Chloride Content ofConcrete,” by Brian B. Hope, John A. Page and John S. Poland, Cement andConcrete Research, Vo
17、lume 15, Number 5, Pergamon Press, New York, September1985, pp. 863870.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm 1 in. in maximumdimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher orbroken into smaller pieces by hamm
18、ering carefully to avoidloss of smaller pieces.4.2.2 Crush particles less than 25 mm 1 in. in maximumdimension using a rotating-puck grinding apparatus, or byusing a disc pulverizer, or mortar and pestle operated to restrictto negligible levels the loss of fine particles.4.2.3 The 850-m No. 20 sieve
19、 shall comply with Speci-fication E 11.4.3 The apparatus required for the chloride determinationstep is given as the reference test method for chloride in TestMethods C 114.4.4 Glazed paper to minimize adherence of fine particles foruse as described in 7.1.5. Reagents5.1 The reagents required for th
20、e chloride determination aregiven in the reference test method for chloride of Test MethodsC 114.6. Sampling6.1 Select the sample as required for the purpose of theinvestigation (Note 1).NOTE 1Because of the small nominal maximum size of the aggregatein a mortar, pieces of mortar having a mass of at
21、 least 10 g will be morerepresentative of a much larger volume of mortar than would anequivalently sized sample of concrete. Practice C 823 may be used as aguide for sampling.6.1.1 Take concrete cores in accordance with Test MethodC 42 unless otherwise specified (Note 2):NOTE 2Concrete cores taken i
22、n accordance with Test Method C 42may be cut longitudinally to provide a 12-mm 12-in. thick sectiongenerally representative of the core, or cut laterally into 12-mm 12-in.thick discs representative of the concrete core at various depths. Experi-ence has shown that the cooling water from core cutting
23、 will not dissolvea significant amount of the chloride.6.1.2 Powdered concrete obtained by use of a rotary impactdrill is frequently useful in determining chloride concentrationwith depth in bridge decks and pavements. When the nominalmaximum coarse aggregate size is 25 mm 1 in. or more suchsamples
24、are unrepresentative. The data must be used with careor several samples combined. Procedures for this method ofsampling are as follows:6.1.2.1 Using the rotary impact drill, drill perpendicular tothe concrete surface or parallel to the axis of a cored specimento a specified depth or a depth sufficie
25、nt to obtain a represen-tative sample of at least 20 g of powdered material. To preventsample contamination, avoid contact of sample with hands andother sources of perspiration. Clean all sampling tools prior toeach sampling operation (Note 3). Do not use lubricants duringdrilling.NOTE 3Sampling too
26、ls may be cleaned with a brush, cloth, ethylalcohol rinse, water rinse, or other method that will not contaminate thesample.6.1.2.2 Transfer powdered sample into the sample containerusing a spoon or other suitable means.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Pulverize the sample so that all the material will pass
27、 a850-m No. 20 sieve. Thoroughly blend the material bytransferring it from one glazed paper to another at least tentimes.8. Procedure8.1 Select a sample having a mass of approximately 10 g.Weigh the sample to the nearest 0.01 g and place it into a250-mL beaker. Add 50 6 1 mL of reagent water meeting
28、Specification D 1193, cover with a watch glass, bring to a boiland boil for 5 min. Allow to stand 24 h. Filter by gravity orsuction through a fine-texture, Type II, Class G filter paper ofSpecification E 832. Transfer the filtrate to a 250-mL beaker.Add 3 6 0.1 mL of (1:1) nitric acid and add 3 6 0.
29、1 mL ofhydrogen peroxide (30 % solution) to the filtrate. Cover thebeaker with a watch glass and allow to stand for 1 to 2 min.Heat the covered beaker rapidly to boiling. Do not allow to boilfor more than a few seconds. Remove from hot plate (Note 4).Proceed in accordance with the reference test met
30、hod forchloride of Test Methods C 114, starting with the procedurethat follows removal of the sample from the hot plate in TestMethods C 114.NOTE 4It is important to keep the beaker covered during heating anddigestion to prevent the loss of chloride by volatilization.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate perc
31、ent chloride by mass of mortar or con-crete, by the reference test method for chloride given in TestMethods C 114.9.2 Other useful measures of chloride concentration can beobtained as follows:9.2.1 For calculating kilograms of chloride per cubic meterpounds of chloride per cubic yard of concrete, mu
32、ltiplypercent chloride by D1/100 or D2/100,where:D15 oven-dry density as determined in the section onConcrete Density in Test Method C 1084, kg/m3lb/yd3.D25 saturated-surface-dry density as determined in thesection on Concrete Density in Test Method C 1084,kg/m3lb/yd3.The report must state which den
33、sity is used in the calcula-tion.9.2.2 For calculating percent chloride by mass of cement,multiply percent chloride by 100/P,where:P 5 percent cement by mass in the mortar or concrete, asknown or determined in accordance with Test MethodC 1084.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision7This precision stat
34、ement is based onsamples passing a 600-m No. 30 sieve instead of an 850-m7Data used to develop this precision statement are available from ASTMheadquarters. Request RR: C9-1003.C 1218/C 1218M2No. 20 sieve and on a 1 min boil instead of a 5 min boil.NOTE 5It is the opinion of the committee that this
35、difference inprocedure should not significantly influence the precision beyond what ispresented here.10.1.1 The single-laboratory standard deviation has beenfound to be 0.0013 % chloride by mass of mortar or concrete.8Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests in the samelaboratory on the sa
36、me material are not expected to differ bymore than 0.0037 %.10.1.2 The multilaboratory standard deviation has beenfound to be 0.0037 % chloride by mass of mortar or concrete.8Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests from twodifferent laboratories on samples of the same material are notexpe
37、cted to differ by more than 0.0106 %.8(Note 6).NOTE 6This precision statement applies to tests of samples preparedand ground by a single laboratory. Test results of concrete constructionwill vary depending upon the method of obtaining the sample and the sizeof the sample before it is crushed and red
38、uced to pass the 850-m No. 20sieve or pulverized.10.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of water-soluble chloride is defined by theprocedure.11. Keywords11.1 chloride; chloride content; concrete; mortar; water-soluble chlorideThe American Society for Testing and Mate
39、rials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely the
40、ir own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should
41、be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make yourviews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr H
42、arbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individualreprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (http:/www.astm.org).8These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described inPractice C 670.C 1218/C 1218M3
