1、Designation: C 1141/C 1141M 08Standard Specification forAdmixtures for Shotcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1141/C 1141M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers materials proposed for use asadmixtures to be added to a portland-cement shotcrete mixturefor the purpose of alte
3、ring the properties of the mixture.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limit
4、ations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in
5、non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concret
6、eC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Co
7、n-creteC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement ConcreteC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 979 Specification for Pigments
8、for Integrally ColoredConcreteC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC 1398 Test Method for The Laboratory Determination ofthe Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Contain-ingA
9、dditives for Shotcrete by the Use of Gillmore NeedlesC 1438 Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modi-fiers for Hydraulic Cement Concrete and MortarD98 Specification for Calcium Chloride2.2 ACI Documents:318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete33. Terminology3.1 For definitions o
10、f terms used in this standard, refer toTerminology C 125.4. Classification4.1 This specification recognizes grades of admixtures, usedin shotcrete made by either of two processes, as follows:4.1.1 Type IDry mix shotcrete.4.1.1.1 Grade 1Accelerating admixture, conventional.4.1.1.2 Grade 2Retarding ad
11、mixture.4.1.1.3 Grade 3Pozzolanic admixture.4.1.1.4 Grade 4Metallic iron admixture.4.1.1.5 Grade 5Coloring admixture.4.1.1.6 Grade 6Organic polymer admixture.4.1.1.7 Grade 7Not applicable.4.1.1.8 Grade 8Not applicable.4.1.1.9 Grade 9Accelerating admixture, quick-setting.4.1.2 Type IIWet-mix shotcret
12、e.4.1.2.1 Grade 1Accelerating admixture, conventional.4.1.2.2 Grade 2Retarding admixture.4.1.2.3 Grade 3Pozzolanic admixture.4.1.2.4 Grade 4Metallic iron admixture.4.1.2.5 Grade 5Coloring admixture.4.1.2.6 Grade 6Organic polymer admixture.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
13、ee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.46 on Shotcrete.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 1141 06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
14、 website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www
15、.concrete.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2.7 Grade 7Water reducing admixture.4.1.2.8 Grade 8Air-entraining admixture.4.1.2.9 Grade 9Accelerati
16、ng admixture, quick-setting.4.1.3 Each of the above grades is further classified byidentifying it according to the following classes:4.1.3.1 Class ALiquid.4.1.3.2 Class BNon-liquid.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser shall include the following information inthe contract or purchase order, if a
17、pplicable:5.1.1 The specification designation and date of issue,5.1.2 Type of shotcrete, grade and class of admixture,5.1.3 Quantity of admixture required,5.1.4 Special packaging and package marking requirements,5.1.5 Special sampling for inspection requirements, and5.1.6 Any supplementary requireme
18、nts.6. Requirements6.1 Shotcrete admixtures shall conform to the requirementsfor the applicable type and grade as given in Table 1.6.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture supplied is essentiallyidentical in concentration, composition, and perfor
19、mance to theadmixture previously tested under this specification and foundto comply with the applicable requirements thereof.6.3 Requirements for establishing compositional or chemi-cal equivalence of a lot or of a subsequent lot relative to aprevious lot that was subjected to quality tests and foun
20、d tocomply with the applicable requirements may be determinedby agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Atthe request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall recommendappropriate test procedures, such as infrared spectrophotom-etry, pH value, and solids content, for establishing the e
21、quiva-lence of material from different lots or different portions of thesame lot.6.4 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing the chloride content of the admixture.NOTE 1Ultraviolet absorption of solutions and infrared spectroscopyof dried residues have been found to b
22、e valuable for these purposes. Thespecific procedures to be employed and the criteria to establish equiva-lence should be stipulated with due regard to the composition andproperties of the sample.NOTE 2Admixtures containing relatively large amounts of chlorideions may make embedded metals susceptibl
23、e to corrosion when moistureand oxygen are present in hardened shotcrete.7. Sampling7.1 Access shall be provided to the purchaser for sampling,either at the point of manufacture, or at the site of the work, asmay be specified by the purchaser.7.2 Samples shall be either grab or composite samples, as
24、specified or required by this specification.Agrab sample is oneTABLE 1 Shotcrete Admixture RequirementsType IDry-Mix ShotcreteGrade Admixture ASTM Standard Other Limits1 Accelerating, conventional D98, C 494/C 494M TypeCorE2 Retarding C 494/C 494M TypeBorD3 Pozzolanic C 618, C 989, C 12404 Metallic
25、iron Not established The metallic particles shall be ground iron free from rust, oil, foreign materials,and nonferrous metal particles. The grading of the metallic aggregates shall beas follows when tested according to C 136:U.S. Sieve No.A%Passing4.75 mm (No. 4) 1002.36 mm (No. 8) 901001.18 mm (No.
26、 16) 7085600 m (No. 30) 2035300 m (No. 50) 010150 m (No. 100) 055 Coloring C 979 Even when using materials conforming to C 979, it may be difficult to obtainuniformity of coloring because of the placement procedures in dry-mixshotcreting.6 Organic Polymer C 14389 Accelerating, quick-setting C 1398 I
27、nitial time of setting 1 to 3 min and final time of setting not more than 12 min intwo of every three tests and chloride limits of ACI 318 shall not be exceeded.Type IIWet-Mix ShotcreteGrade Admixture ASTM Standard Other Limits1 Accelerating, conventional D98, C 494/C 494M Types Cor E2 Retarding C 4
28、94/C 494M, Type B, D or G3 Pozzolanic C 618, C 989, C 12404 Metallic iron Not established See Type I, Grade 45 Coloring C 9796 Organic Polymer C 14387 Water reducing C 494/C 494M, Types A, D, E,F, or G8 Air-entraining C 2609 Accelerating, quick-setting C 1398 See Type I, Grade 9AThe sieve designatio
29、ns in parentheses are provided for information only; the only standard sieve sizes are those stated in SI units.C 1141/C 1141M 082secured in a single operation. A composite sample is oneobtained by combining three or more grab samples.7.3 The sample size for each class of admixture shall be asfollow
30、s:7.3.1 Class A Liquid Admixtures:7.3.1.1 Liquid admixtures shall be agitated thoroughly im-mediately prior to sampling. Individual grab samples shallrepresent not more than 9500 L 2500 gal of admixture andshall have a volume of at least 1 L 1 qt. A minimum of fourgrab samples shall be taken from di
31、fferent locations welldistributed throughout the quantity to be represented. Compos-ite samples shall be prepared by thoroughly mixing the selectedgrab samples, and the resultant mixture sampled to provide atleast 4 L 1 gal for testing.7.3.1.2 Admixtures in bulk storage tanks shall be sampledequally
32、 from the upper, intermediate, and lower levels bymeans of drain cocks in the sides of the tanks, or a weightedsampling bottle fitted with a stopper that can be removed afterthe bottle is lowered to the desired depth.7.3.1.3 Samples shall be packaged in impermeable, airtightcontainers which are resi
33、stant to attack by the admixture.7.3.2 Class B Non-liquid Admixtures:7.3.2.1 Individual grab samples (except pozzolanic) shallnot represent more than 2 Mg 2 tons of admixture and shallweigh at least 1 kg 2 lb. A minimum of four grab samplesshall be taken from different locations well distributed thr
34、ough-out the quantity to be represented. Composite samples shall beprepared by thoroughly mixing the selected grab samples, andthe resultant mixture sampled to provide at least 2.2 kg 5 lbfor testing. Grading of composite samples shall be determinedfor each 2 Mg 2 tons of Grade 4 metallic iron admix
35、turesshipped.7.3.2.2 Pozzolanic admixtures shall be sampled and testedin accordance with the requirements established in Test Meth-ods C311.7.3.2.3 Samples of packaged admixtures shall be obtainedby means of a tube sampler as described in Practice C 183.7.3.2.4 When recommended by the manufacturer,
36、the entiresample of an admixture shall be dissolved in water prior totesting.7.3.2.5 Samples shall be packaged in moisture-proof, air-tight containers.8. Number of Tests and Retests8.1 The number of tests and retests to be performed onspecified materials shall be the number stipulated in thereferenc
37、ed ASTM standard.9. Specimen Preparation9.1 The specimens for tests shall be prepared as required bythe particular test method referenced by the ASTM specifica-tion relating to the particular admixture.NOTE 3It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests with theadmixture be made using all of t
38、he ingredients of the shotcrete proposedfor the specified work, because the effect produced by the admixture mayvary with the properties of the other ingredients of the concrete.10. Inspection10.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and supplier as part of the purc
39、hasecontract.11. Rejection11.1 The shotcrete admixture may be rejected if it fails tomeet any of the applicable requirements of this specification.See Table 1.11.2 An admixture stored at the point of manufacturer formore than six months prior to shipment or an admixture inlocal storage by a vendor f
40、or more than six months aftercompletion of tests, may be retested before use and may berejected if it fails to conform to any of the applicablerequirements of this specification.11.3 Packages or containers varying more than 2 % from thespecified weight or volume shall be rejected. If the averageweig
41、ht or volume of 50 packages taken at random is less thanthat specified, the entire shipment shall be rejected.11.4 When the admixture is to be used in non-air-entrainedwet-mix shotcrete, it shall be rejected if the tested shotcretecontaining the admixture has an air content greater than 5 %.When the
42、 admixture is to be used in air-entrained wet-mixshotcrete, it shall be rejected if the tested shotcrete containingthe admixture has an air content greater than 12 % or less than5 %. The air content shall be determined on a sample takenprior to shooting in accordance with either of Test MethodsC 138
43、/C 138M, C 173/C 173M or C 231.11.5 Rejection and reason(s) for rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly in writing.12. Certification12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, acertificate shall be furnished to the purchaser that the materialhas been tested in acco
44、rdance with this specification and foundto meet the requirements. When specified in the purchase orderor contract, a report of test results on samples taken frommaterial shipped shall be furnished. The test report requested inaccordance with the purchase order shall be furnished within60 days after
45、shipment of the order.13. Product Marking13.1 When the admixture is delivered in packages or con-tainers, the proprietary name of the admixture, the type, grade,and class under this specification, and the net weight or volumeshall be plainly marked thereon. Similar information shall beprovided in th
46、e shipping paper accompanying packaged or bulkmaterials.14. Supplementary Requirements14.1 Supplementary requirements may be specified by thepurchaser and apply only when they appear separately on thepurchase contract or order.14.2 Quality assurance requirements shall be specified inthe purchase con
47、tract or order with a reference to a pertinentdocument agreed upon by the supplier and purchaser.C 1141/C 1141M 083SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 1141 06, that may impact the use of this specification. (App
48、roved October 1, 2008)(1) Revised the standard as a combined units standard. (2) Deleted 3.2.1, 3.2.2, and 3.2.3 since these terms are definedin Terminology C 125.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this s
49、tandard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comme
