1、Designation: C 1098 08Standard Specification forNuclear-Grade Hafnium Oxide Powder1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1098; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines the physical and chemicalrequirements for hafnium oxide powder intended for fabrica-tion into shapes for use in a nucle
3、ar reactor core.1.2 The material described herein shall be particulate innature.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-m (No.20
4、0) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by WashingC 371 Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Non-plastic Ceramic PowdersC 859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials2.2 ANSI/ASME Stand
5、ard:NQA-1 ASME Quality Assurance Program Requirementsfor Nuclear Facility Applications32.3 U.S. Government Standard:Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50, Energy (10CFR 50), Domestic Licensing of Production and Utiliza-tion Facilities43. Terminology3.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance w
6、ith TerminologyC 859 except for the following:3.2 buyerthe organization issuing the purchase order.3.3 hafnium oxide powderhafnium oxide that contains nohard aggregates larger than 20 mesh (840 m).3.4 phase transformationthe rearrangement of the atomicordering of a crystalline lattice as material is
7、 cycled through acritical transformation or inversion temperature; the changefrom one crystalline phase to another may be accompanied bya volume change that could lead to cracks or defects inproducts fabricated from such materials.5,63.5 powder lota specified quantity of hafnium oxidepowder (with st
8、abilizing additive, if applicable) blended to-gether such that samples taken in accordance with the proce-dures of Section 8 can be considered as representative of theentire quantity.3.6 sellerthe hafnium oxide powder processor.3.7 stabilizing additivematerial which, when added insufficient concentr
9、ation to the subject material exhibiting thephase transformation, produces a stabilized crystalline phasethat does not undergo a transformation at any temperaturewithin the expected fabrication or usage regime of the manu-factured product; the potentially deleterious volume change istherefore avoide
10、d.4. Ordering Information4.1 The buyer shall specify the following information on theorder:4.1.1 Quantity (weight of delivered product).4.1.2 Nominal particle size, particle size range, and appli-cable tolerances. Test Method C 371 and Test Method C117and Specification E11may be applied for particle
11、s larger than37 m. For particle sizes less than 37 m, the particle sizedistribution will be determined using a method agreed uponbetween the buyer and the seller.4.1.3 Stabilizing AdditiveThe amount and types of stabi-lizing additives (if any, including limits).4.1.4 Lot size.4.1.5 Sampling requirem
12、ents.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 onNuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.03 onNeutron Absorber Materials Specifications.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous e
13、dition approved in 1993 as C 1098 93 which waswithdrawn June 2002 and reinstated in January 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum
14、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401,
15、 http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Curtis, C. E., Doney, L. M., and Johnson, J. R., “Some Properties of HafniumOxide, Hafnium Silicate, Calcium Hafnate, and Hafnium Carbide,” Journal ofAmerican Ceramic Society, Vol 37, 1954, pp. 458465.6Brown, L. M., and Mazdiyasni, K. S., “Characterization of Alkoxy-Derive
16、dYttria-Stabilized Hafnia,” Journal of American Ceramic Society, Vol 53, 1970, pp.590594.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Chemical Composition5.1 A stabilizing additive may be utilized with the hafniumoxide. The rec
17、ommended stabilizing additive is yttrium oxide(Y2O3). The typical concentration range is 7 to 10 weight %Y2O3in the finished product. References to other stabilizingadditives (such as calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide(MgO) may be found in the literature and may be used ifagreed upon between th
18、e buyer and the seller. However, it iscautioned that the buyer should be aware of potential destabi-lization during thermal cycling when MgO or CaO is used.5.2 Use analytical chemistry methods as agreed upon be-tween the buyer and the seller.5.3 Impurity ConcentrationThe impurity concentration,exclu
19、ding zirconia and the stabilizing additives, shall notexceed 0.5 weight %. Individual element limits are specified inTable 1. The buyer may, in addition, specify the limits forelements not listed in Table 1.5.4 The zirconium concentration shall not exceed 4.5weight % on the basis of Zr/(Zr + Hf).6.
20、Physical Requirements Physical Requirements6.1 The nominal particle size, particle size range, andapplicable tolerances shall be specified on the purchase order.7. Cleanliness7.1 The powder shall be handled in a manner to avoidcontamination by foreign matter such as dust, cleaning agentsand organics
21、, and materials such as plastics and paper used inpackaging. Cleaning solutions, if used, shall be free of halidesand nonvolatile additives and shall be removed from thepowder prior to sampling and packaging.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling plans to meet acceptance criteria and inspec-tion and measurement pr
22、ocedures that describe the method ofcompliance with this specification shall be approved by thebuyer. The degree of sampling where not specified in thisspecification varies with the application and for this reasonshould be specified on the purchase order. Practice E 105 isreferenced as a guide.8.2 S
23、ufficient samples shall be taken, as needed, for qualityverification tests, acceptance tests, referee tests and archivesamples.8.3 Archive samples shall be retained and disposed of inaccordance with the buyers instructions.9. Inspection and Certification9.1 The seller shall inspect the material cove
24、red by thisspecification and shall furnish the buyer with certificates oftests showing the results of testing and inspection performed oneach powder lot.9.2 The seller shall certify that each powder lot is incompliance with the provisions of this specification.10. Rejection and Rehearing10.1 Unless
25、the buyer and seller agree otherwise, rejectionand acceptance shall be on a lot basis.10.2 Powder lots that fail to conform to the requirements ofthe specification may be rejected by the buyer. The seller maypetition the buyer to waive selected requirements for identifiedout-of-specification lots. D
26、ecision to grant such waiver belongsto the buyer. The seller may also apply any remedy to bringrejected lots into specification providing the seller can demon-strate to the buyer that such remedy does not impair thefunction or preclude the certification of the rejected material.10.3 In the event of
27、disagreement over the results ofanalysis, samples shall be submitted to a mutually selectedreferee for resolution.11. Packaging, and Package Marking11.1 The powder shall be packaged in sealed containers forshipment from the seller to the buyer. The seller will beresponsible for using a shipping cont
28、ainer that assures clean-liness, minimizes moisture pickup, provides adequate protec-tion against damage during transportation, and ensures reason-able ease of unpackaging.11.2 Each container shall be clearly marked with the fol-lowing:11.2.1 Hafnium oxide powder plus stabilizing additive, ifapplica
29、ble,11.2.2 Purchase order number,11.2.3 Purchase order specification,11.2.4 Gross, net, and tare weight,11.2.5 Lot number, and11.2.6 Name of seller.12. Quality Assurance12.1 Quality assurance requirements shall be specified inthe purchase order. Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part50, Appendix
30、 B and ASME NQA-1 are referenced as guides.13. Keywords13.1 CaO; hafnium oxide; MgO; powder; stabilizing addi-tive; Y2O3TABLE 1 Impurity Concentration LimitsElementMaximum Concentration Limit,(g/g Powder)B 400Gd 200Gd+Sm+Eu+Dy 500Co 100Si 2000F3F+Cl+Br+I 100Th 400C1098082ASTM International takes no
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34、ess shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C1098083
